Earthquake in Albania on November 26, 2019

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Earthquake in Albania
Earthquake in Albania on November 26, 2019 (Albania)
Bullseye1.svg
date November 26, 2019 UTC
Time 02:54:12 UTC
intensity VIII  on the MM scale
Magnitude 6.4  M W
depth 22 km
epicenter 41 ° 30 '50 "  N , 19 ° 31' 34"  E Coordinates: 41 ° 30 '50 "  N , 19 ° 31' 34"  E
country Albania
dead 51
Injured approx. 2000-3000
damage 985 million euros


Surface intensities

The earthquake in Albania on November 26, 2019 occurred at 03:54 a.m. local time about 30 kilometers northwest of the Albanian capital Tirana . It had a magnitude of 6.4 M w and was accompanied by numerous aftershocks. There were 51 fatalities, many injured and damage to numerous homes.

Tectonic background

geology

The earthquake affected the western region of Albania in the coastal area around the port city of Durrës and the area of ​​the "Tirana Basin ", which is the eastern part of the "Periadriatic Basin", a foreland basin of the Hellenids . It is largely characterized by continental and marine sediments that are formed in shallow shelves; on the western border there are also deep sea sediments. Structurally, it lies on the eastern border of the Dinaric structures . The region affected by the earthquake is characterized by northwest-southeast trending active thrusts . The orrogens of the Dinarides-Hellenids, which are bordering on the Adriatic, are characterized by neogene constriction (“tectonic constriction regime”) and active uplift.

The affected area lies in the tectonic node between the Dinarides and Hellenids on the axis of rotation of the Scutari-Pec fold . The northwest-southeast running fold and thrust arch has hosted the subduction of the Adriatic under the Eurasian plate since the Miocene . The Adriatic plate rotates counterclockwise and subducts under the Eurasian plate. It has traveled about 117 kilometers for 20 million years and rotated 5 ± 3 ° relative to Europe. The converging plates led to a narrowing of several tens of kilometers. The Tirana foreland basin was narrowed by 80 to 100 kilometers.

Due to the tectonic processes described, there are a large number of faults in the region, where the converging plate boundaries are moving towards each other at a speed of 73 millimeters per year. The quake was probably caused by a displacement on one of these faults.

Quake

The main quake was preceded by three foreshocks. The strongest of these occurred a little more than an hour before the main quake and had a short-period skywave magnitude of 4.6 m b and an epicenter around 5 kilometers north-northwest of Durrës ( ⊙ ). Because of this foreshock, many people had already left their homes before the main quake occurred.

The earthquake of November 26, 2019

Collapsed building in Durrës

The earthquake had a magnitude of 6.4 M w and was perceived by around 140,000 people with an intensity of level VIII on the Modified Mercalli Scale. More than 3.5 million people experienced the earthquake with intensity V or higher. 100,000 people were directly affected by the effects of the quake. The tremors were felt in numerous other countries in the region.

According to EMSC , the epicenter was about five kilometers north of the port city of Durrës and about 30 kilometers west of Tirana, while USGS was about 30 kilometers northwest of Tirana and 20 kilometers north of Durrës - in the area of ​​the bank of the bay "Gjiri i Lalëzit" southeast of Cape Rodon  - is located. According to EMSC, the source of the quake was at a depth of 10 kilometers, USGS assumes a depth of 22 kilometers, the GFZ Potsdam assumes a depth of 24 kilometers.

The loose sediments in the ground increased the destructive vibrations in the area of ​​the depression . The quake permanently raised the level of the affected region by up to 10 centimeters.

The main quake in Albania was the worst earthquake in the region in decades. In the 1979 earthquake in Montenegro , whose source was about 70 kilometers to the north-northeast, 135 people were killed, many of them in Albania. The last time there was a series of earthquakes in Albania two months earlier, on September 21, 2019. The strongest quake at that time had a magnitude of 5.6 M w and also occurred near the city of Durrës. Over 100 people were injured and more than 1,500 buildings were damaged.

Aftershocks

More than 1,300 aftershocks occurred in the first seven days after the main quake. Some aftershocks had magnitudes above 4.0:

Time (UTC) Magnitude Coordinates USGS entry 
November 26, 2019 2:59:23 am 5.1 m b 41 ° 25 '19.2 "  N , 19 ° 31' 55.2"  E
November 26, 2019 3:02:59 AM 5.3 m b 41 ° 25 '19.2 "  N , 19 ° 38' 16.8"  E
November 26, 2019 3:09:57 AM 4.3 m b 41 ° 49 ′ 55.2 "  N , 20 ° 0 ′ 14.4"  E
November 26, 2019 3:25:23 AM 4.2 m b 41 ° 34 '8.4 "  N , 19 ° 37" 19.2 "  E
November 26, 2019 3:57:52 AM 4.2 m b 41 ° 32 '31.2 "  N , 19 ° 26" 38.4 "  E
November 26, 2019 4:21:58 AM 4.4 m b 41 ° 24 '43.2 "  N , 19 ° 36' 32.4"  E
November 26, 2019 4:47 a.m. 4.1 m b 41 ° 29 ′ 52.8 "  N , 19 ° 25 ′ 30"  E
November 26, 2019 4:58:13 AM 4.1 m b 41 ° 29 ′ 6 ″  N , 19 ° 26 ′ 24 ″  E
November 26, 2019, 6:08 a.m. 5.4 M w 41 ° 34 ′ 44.4 "  N , 19 ° 25 ′ 30"  E
November 26, 2019 7:27:02 AM 4.8 m b 41 ° 32 '13.2 "  N , 19 ° 26" 16.8 "  E
November 26, 2019 12:14:13 PM 4.4 m b 41 ° 26 '16.8 "  N , 19 ° 27' 10.8"  E
November 26, 2019 1:05 p.m. 4.7 M w 41 ° 35 '24 "  N , 19 ° 31' 19.2"  E
November 26, 2019 2:11:53 PM 4.4 m b 41 ° 40 ′ 37.2 "  N , 19 ° 38 ′ 20.4"  E
November 26, 2019 3:11:56 PM 4.2 m b 41 ° 36 ′ 36 "  N , 19 ° 27 ′ 36"  E
November 26, 2019 5:06:02 p.m. 4.4 m b 41 ° 28 '37.2 "  N , 19 ° 33' 14.4"  E
November 26, 2019 5:19:13 PM 4.7 m b 41 ° 32 '52.8 "  N , 19 ° 28' 55.2"  E
November 27, 2019 3:52:39 AM 4.2 m b 41 ° 32 ′ 42 "  N , 19 ° 24 ′ 43.2"  E
November 27, 2019 11:03:35 AM 4.1 m b 41 ° 34 ′ 48 ″  N , 19 ° 29 ′ 24 ″  E
November 27, 2019 14:45:24 5.3 M w 41 ° 32 '16.8 "  N , 19 ° 27' 57.6"  E
November 27, 2019 5:11:03 PM 4.3 m b 41 ° 33 '36 "  N , 19 ° 29" 52.8 "  E
November 27, 2019 8:27:06 PM 4.5 m b 41 ° 32 '20.4 "  N , 19 ° 26' 20.4"  E
November 27, 2019 10:19 p.m. 4.3 m b 41 ° 34 ′ 1.2 "  N , 19 ° 24 ′ 25.2"  E
November 27, 2019 10:50:14 PM 4.4 m b 41 ° 26 ′ 38.4 "  N , 19 ° 26 ′ 56.4"  E
November 27, 2019 10:51:24 PM 4.4 m b 41 ° 28 '15.6 "  N , 19 ° 27' 32.4"  E
November 27, 2019 11:02:48 PM 4.2 m b 41 ° 24 ′ 54 "  N , 19 ° 26 ′ 42"  E
November 28, 2019 12:50:09 AM 4.4 m b 41 ° 28 ′ 4.8 "  N , 19 ° 28 ′ 48"  E
November 28, 2019 10:25:05 AM 4.5 m b 41 ° 31 '48 "  N , 19 ° 26" 2.4 "  E
November 28, 2019 10:52:42 am 4.9 m b 41 ° 33 '25.2 "  N , 19 ° 24' 39.6"  E
November 28, 2019 8:33:24 PM 4.4 m b 41 ° 21 '25.2 "  N , 19 ° 33' 10.8"  E
November 28, 2019 23:00:43 4.6 m b 41 ° 21 ′ 57.6 "  N , 19 ° 34 ′ 40.8"  E
November 30, 2019 8:53:52 PM 4.4 m b 41 ° 32 ′ 42 "  N , 19 ° 28 ′ 12"  E
0December 1, 2019 6:04:19 am 4.2 m b 41 ° 31 '1.2 "  N , 19 ° 25' 22.8"  E
0December 2, 2019 8:26:24 AM 4.5 m b 41 ° 29 '16.8 "  N , 19 ° 37' 26.4"  E
0December 2, 2019 11:23 p.m. 4.5 m b 41 ° 24 '50.4 "  N , 19 ° 35' 20.4"  E
0December 7, 2019 11:14:28 PM 4.5 m b 41 ° 31 ′ 48 ″  N , 19 ° 29 ′ 6 ″  E
0December 9, 2019 2:53:06 PM 4.3 m b 41 ° 37 '8.4 "  N , 19 ° 24' 43.2"  E
0December 9, 2019 2:58:59 PM 4.4 m b 41 ° 38 ′ 31.2 "  N , 19 ° 26 ′ 13.2"  E
0December 9, 2019 3:04:57 PM 4.1 m b 41 ° 39 '25.2 "  N , 19 ° 27'25.2"  E
0December 9, 2019 3:10:58 PM 4.5 m b 41 ° 33 '7.2 "  N , 19 ° 37" 37.2 "  E
December 15, 2019 1:18:36 AM 4.3 m b 41 ° 18 ′ 54 "  N , 19 ° 32 ′ 20.4"  E
December 17, 2019 6:53:45 pm 4.4 m b 40 ° 59 ′ 31.2 "  N , 19 ° 38 ′ 31.2"  E
December 19, 2019 4:03:12 pm 4.4 m b 41 ° 23 '6 "  N , 19 ° 35' 2.4"  E
0January 1, 2020 2:53:41 am 4.1 m b 41 ° 34 ′ 8.4 "  N , 19 ° 20 ′ 24"  E
January 19, 2020 12:38:13 PM 4.4 m b 41 ° 46 ′ 40.8 "  N , 20 ° 17 ′ 45.6"  E
January 19, 2020 12:52:32 PM 4.3 m b 41 ° 51 '7.2 "  N , 20 ° 9" 39.6 "  E
January 27, 2020 1:40:21 AM 4.4 m b 41 ° 23 '2.4 "  N , 19 ° 41' 2.4"  E
January 28, 2020 8:15:08 PM 5.1 m b 41 ° 27 '46.8 "  N , 19 ° 32'6"  E
January 31, 2020 9:05:32 PM 4.4 m b 41 ° 26 '34.8 "  N , 19 ° 25' 55.2"  E
April 13, 2020 4:43:55 PM 4.1 m b 41 ° 30 '46.8 "  N , 19 ° 33' 36"  E
0June 8, 2020 3:21:51 PM 4.6 m b 41 ° 31 '40.8 "  N , 19 ° 33' 39.6"  E
July 26, 2020 2:16:02 PM 4.5 m b 40 ° 57 '10.8 "  N , 19 ° 42' 50.4"  E
f1Georeferencing Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap

Almost two hours after the main quake, a quake measuring 4.6 m b shook the earth about five kilometers southeast of Nafpaktos in Greece . A few hours later, an earthquake of magnitude 5.4 occurred M w in Bosnia and Herzegovina , about 15 kilometers northeast of Mostar . There was occasional slight damage to buildings. According to Greek seismologists, the quake in Greece is most likely unrelated to the quake in Albania, while the quake in Bosnia-Herzegovina may have been triggered by the seismic activity in Albania. A quake of magnitude 6.0 M w in the sea off Crete was not related to the earthquake in Albania on 27 November. No damage was reported from the earthquakes in Greece.

Victims and damage

Search for people buried in a collapsed house in Durrës
city dead
Durrës 25th
Thumana 24
Lezha 1
Kurbin 1
Source:

The earthquake killed 51 people, mostly in Durrës and Thumana , where most of the houses collapsed. There are no conclusive official figures on the total number of injured people; the figures vary between around 2000 and over 3000. 46 people were rescued from the rubble. The search and rescue missions ended on November 30th.

The earthquake affected the lives of more than 200,000 people in Albania. According to the Red Cross , at least 32,000 people have been left homeless. Around 17,000 people were accommodated in hotels and tents, and others stayed with friends and relatives.

Schools remained closed and Tirana Airport temporarily ceased operations on the day of the quake due to damage to the terminal.

According to a damage and needs assessment carried out by the Albanian government together with international organizations, 11,490 residential units were destroyed in the earthquake or so badly damaged that they have to be demolished. Almost 19,000 residential units were severely or moderately damaged and more than 64,000 were slightly damaged. Of 321 educational institutions damaged, 76 were destroyed. Damage occurred to 36 health facilities, two of which were destroyed. There was also damage to the power grid and public buildings. There were minor disruptions to the transport infrastructure, water distribution systems and the infrastructure of the cellular network. The financial damage caused by the earthquake is estimated at 985 million euros, the cost of reconstruction is estimated at 1.1 billion euros.

Sections of the originally Byzantine city ​​wall of Durrës collapsed as a result of the earthquake. The historic castle of Preza , built by the Ottomans , not far from the epicenter, was badly damaged: the clock tower, which was formerly used as a minaret , partially collapsed. An aftershock also damaged the striking tower at the east end of the Kruja fortress .

November 27, 2019 was declared a national day of mourning in Albania . The planned celebrations on November 28th and 29th for the Albanian Independence Day have been canceled. November 27 was also celebrated as a day of mourning in neighboring Kosovo, where Albanians make up the majority of the population. Two Kosovars were killed in the quake in Durrës.

Relief efforts

Setting up tents in the Durrës stadium

At least 2,000 soldiers and 1,900 police officers helped with the rescue work. Tents were set up on sports fields and in stadiums for the people who had become homeless, while others were housed in gyms. In the two hardest hit Qarqe Durrës and Tirana , the Rama government declared a 30-day state of emergency on November 27th . On November 29, a state of emergency was declared for Lezha as well . The state of emergency was later extended to March 31, 2020.

Numerous neighboring countries offered assistance to Albania. Aid teams from France , Greece , Israel , Italy , Kosovo , Croatia , Montenegro , North Macedonia , Romania , Serbia and Turkey traveled to the disaster area. The European Union mobilized three USAR search and rescue teams to support the Albanian authorities, while Switzerland mobilized the Swiss Humanitarian Aid Corps . The United States government also dispatched specialists.

Aid supplies were sent to Albania from Belgium , Japan , Qatar , Turkey, Poland , Switzerland , Hungary and the United Arab Emirates , among others . Several countries supported the Albanian authorities with financial aid in the first days after the quake. Including Azerbaijan , Bosnia-Herzegovina , Bulgaria , Kosovo, North Macedonia, Austria, South Korea and the Vatican. Civil society organizations had collected financial aid amounting to EUR 4.1 million by November 29, and two private individuals donated a further EUR 2.5 million.

The Albanian government and aid organizations set up donation accounts for those affected by the disaster.

In December 2019, the government appointed the former Finance Minister Arben Ahmetaj as Minister of State for Reconstruction to deal with the consequences of the earthquake .

The government announced that it would financially support the relatives of the victims and accommodate the citizens who had become homeless as a result of the quake in “stronger houses”. The new buildings in rural areas should be completed in 2020, those in urban areas in 2021. Affected companies should pay less taxes.

As an emergency measure, the EU pledged aid amounting to 15 million euros and organized an international donor conference to support the reconstruction efforts. At the request of the Albanian government, the EU, the UN and the World Bank set up a project to precisely assess needs in the areas of health, education, housing, tourism, the labor market and public infrastructure. The results of the needs assessment served as a basis for decision-making at the donor conference. At the conference on February 17, 2020, numerous states and international organizations pledged aid totaling 1.15 billion euros.

Work-up

Around 500 experts, including 81 from abroad, were investigating damaged buildings. Buildings that are no longer habitable are being demolished.

After the quake, criticism was raised that numerous construction defects had made much of the damage to the building possible in the first place. In mid-December 2019, nine house construction officers were arrested for disregarding building regulations. Others are being investigated.

In the investigation of building material from collapsed buildings, the use of concrete with insufficient load-bearing capacity was demonstrated. Some collapsed buildings had been erected or topped up without building permits . In January 2020, an arrest warrant was issued for another 40 building contractors and administrative officials, 31 of whom were arrested and the others are on the run. Most of those arrested were acquitted a few weeks later.

Web links

Commons : Earthquake in Albania of November 2019  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Efthymis Lekkas, Spyridon Mavroulis, Dimitri Papa, Panayotis Carydis: The November 26, 2019 Mw 6.4 Durrës (Albania) earthquake. In: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (ed.): Newsletter of environmental, disaster and crisis management strategies. Issue No. 15, pp. 18-23, 76-77. November 2019. Retrieved December 22, 2019 (PDF; 35.3 MB).
  2. ^ Laurent Jolivet: Tectonics of the Mediterranean Sea and subduction of the African plate: from basins to mountains, from mountains to basins. Lecture at the European Geosciences Union - General Assembly . Vienna, April 2017, lecture online on YouTube (video; see from min. 7:45 on the neogene narrowing of the peripheral mountains; from min. 8:46 on the Adriatic plate).
  3. ↑ Philip Groß, Sebastian Cionoiu et al .: A new 1: 10,000 geological map of the Skutari-Pec Fault and surroundings, northern Albania - evidence of orogen-parallel extension. Conference Paper for: 15th Symposium on Tectonics, Structural geology and Geology of Crystalline Rocks . Potsdam, April 2014, doi: 10.13140 / 2.1.4606.2720 .
  4. ↑ Eline Le Breton, Mark R. Handy, Giancarlo Molli, Kamil Ustaszewski: Post-20 Ma Motion of the Adriatic Plate: New Constraints From Surrounding Orogens and Implications for Crust-Mantle Decoupling. In: Tectonics. Volume 36. 2017, pp. 3135-3154. doi: 10.1002 / 2016TC004443 .
  5. ↑ a b c d M 6.4 - 15km WSW of Mamurras, Albania. USGS , accessed January 13, 2020 .
  6. ↑ M 4.6 - 5km ENE of Durres, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  7. ↑ M 4.4 - ADRIATIC SEA - 2019-11-26 01:47:56 UTC. EMSC, accessed November 27, 2019.
  8. ↑ Time evolution of seismicity in #AlbaniaEarthquake The mainshock was preceded… In: twitter.com . EMSC, November 26, 2019, accessed on November 27, 2019.
  9. ↑ a b Albania - 6.4M Earthquake of November 26 - EU Response. In: reliefweb.int . ERCC , November 29, 2019, accessed on November 29, 2019 (English; PDF; 1 MB).
  10. ↑ a b Another strong earthquake in Albania. In: orf.at . November 28, 2019, accessed November 28, 2019.
  11. ↑ a b M 6.4 - ALBANIA - 2019-11-26 02:54:11 UTC. EMSC , accessed April 14, 2020.
  12. ↑ GEOFON Event gfz2019xdig. In: geofon.gfz-potsdam.de . Retrieved November 29, 2019.
  13. ↑ Ross S. Stein, Volkan Sevilgen: Albania earthquake strikes highest-hazard zone in the Balkans, devastating nearby towns In: temblor.net . November 26, 2019, accessed November 27, 2019.
  14. ↑ Sisma Albania provocato since Faglia lunga 85 chilometri. Il suolo vicino Durazzo sollevato di 10 cm. In: rainews.it . November 27, 2019, accessed November 27, 2019 (Italian).
  15. ↑ M 5.6 - 3km WSW of Shijak, Albania. USGS, accessed November 26, 2019.
  16. ↑ Series of earthquakes shakes Albania. In: orf.at . September 22, 2019, accessed November 26, 2019.
  17. ↑ Albania - Earthquakes of September 21. In: reliefweb.int . ERCC , September 23, 2019, accessed on November 26, 2019 (English; PDF; 639 kB).
  18. ↑ Meanwhile 51 fatalities after earthquake in Albania confirmed. In: derstandard.at . December 2, 2019, accessed December 2, 2019.
  19. ↑ M 5.1 - 8km NNW of Shijak, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  20. ↑ M 5.3 - 3km NNW of Vore, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  21. ↑ M 4.3 - 8km NW of Kurbnesh, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  22. ↑ M 4.2 - 5km W of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  23. ↑ M 4.2 - 21km W of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  24. ↑ M 4.4 - 4km WNW of Vore, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  25. ↑ M 4.1 - 19km N of Durres, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  26. ↑ M 4.1 - 17km N of Durres, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  27. ↑ M 5.4 - 22km W of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  28. ↑ M 4.8 - 21km WSW of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  29. ↑ M 4.4 - 12km N of Durres, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  30. ↑ M 4.7 - 14km W of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  31. ↑ M 4.4 - 6km W of Milot, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  32. ↑ M 4.2 - 19km W of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  33. ↑ M 4.4 - 12km NW of Vore, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  34. ↑ M 4.7 - 17km W of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  35. ↑ M 4.2 - 23km W of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  36. ↑ M 4.1 - 16km W of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  37. ↑ M 5.3 - 19km WSW of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  38. ↑ M 4.3 - 16km W of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  39. ↑ M 4.5 - 21km WSW of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  40. ↑ M 4.3 - 23km W of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  41. ↑ M 4.4 - 13km N of Durres, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  42. ↑ M 4.4 - 16km N of Durres, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  43. ↑ M 4.2 - 10km N of Durres, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  44. ↑ M 4.4 - 15km NNW of Shijak, Albania. USGS, accessed December 22, 2019.
  45. ↑ M 4.5 - 22km WSW of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed December 9, 2019.
  46. ↑ M 4.9 - 23km W of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed December 9, 2019.
  47. ↑ M 4.4 - 1km NW of Shijak, Albania. USGS, accessed December 9, 2019.
  48. ↑ M 4.6 - 2km NNE of Shijak, Albania. USGS, accessed December 9, 2019.
  49. ↑ M 4.4 - 18km W of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed December 9, 2019.
  50. ↑ M 4.2 - 21km N of Durres, Albania. USGS, accessed December 9, 2019.
  51. ↑ M 4.5 - 7km W of Fushe-Kruje, Albania. USGS, accessed December 9, 2019.
  52. ↑ M 4.5 - 6km WNW of Vore, Albania. USGS, accessed December 19, 2019.
  53. ↑ M 4.5 - 18km WSW of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed December 19, 2019.
  54. ↑ M 4.3 - 23km WNW of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed December 19, 2019.
  55. ↑ M 4.4 - 22km WNW of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed December 19, 2019.
  56. ↑ M 4.1 - 20km SW of Lezhe, Albania. USGS, accessed January 19, 2020.
  57. ↑ M 4.5 - 6km WSW of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed January 19, 2020.
  58. ↑ M 4.3 - 4km SW of Shijak, Albania. USGS, accessed January 19, 2020.
  59. ↑ M 4.4 - 7km NW of Lushnje, Albania. USGS, accessed January 19, 2020.
  60. ↑ M 4.4 - 4km NNE of Shijak, Albania. USGS, accessed January 19, 2020.
  61. ↑ M 4.1 - 28km NNW of Durres, Albania. USGS, accessed January 19, 2020.
  62. ↑ M 4.4 - 15km NW of Peshkopi, Albania. USGS, accessed January 27, 2020.
  63. ↑ M 4.3 - 10km NE of Kurbnesh, Albania. USGS, accessed January 27, 2020.
  64. ↑ M 4.4 - 2km ESE of Vore, Albania. USGS, accessed February 1, 2020.
  65. ↑ M 5.1 - 12km NW of Vore, Albania. USGS, accessed February 1, 2020.
  66. ↑ M 4.4 - 13km N of Durres, Albania. USGS, accessed March 13, 2020.
  67. ↑ M 4.1 - 13km WNW of Fushe-Kruje, Albania. USGS, accessed March 13, 2020.
  68. ↑ M 4.6 - 12 km WSW of Mamurras, Albania. USGS, accessed June 8, 2020.
  69. ↑ M 4.5 - 1 km NNE of Lushnjë, Albania. USGS, accessed July 26, 2020.
  70. ↑ M 4.6 - 5km ESE of Nafpaktos, Greece. USGS, accessed December 19, 2019.
  71. ↑ M 5.4 - 6km ESE of Blagaj, Bosnia and Herzegovina. USGS, accessed December 19, 2019.
  72. ↑ Potres / Pogledajte kakvu je štetu zemljotres nanio u Nevesinju i Ljubinju. In: radiosarajevo.ba . November 26, 2019, accessed November 27, 2019 (Bosnian).
  73. ↑ Albania earthquake: Seismologists reassure “no risk to activate fault lines in Greece”. In: keeptalkinggreece.com . November 26, 2019, accessed November 26, 2019.
  74. ↑ Strong 6.1 magnitude quake strikes off Crete. In: ekathimerini.com . November 27, 2019, accessed November 27, 2019.
  75. ↑ M 6.0 - 41km NW of Platanos, Greece. USGS, accessed December 19, 2019.
  76. ↑ a b Janula Vila: Shuarja e 51 jetëve, orët e ankthit dhe shpresa për t'i gjetur gjallë, historitë tronditëse të 26 nëntorit, lëkundjet që shuan shumë ëndërra. In: dosja.al . December 29, 2019, accessed January 31, 2020 (Albanian).
  77. ↑ a b c Albania's search for quake victims ends as death toll rises to 51. In: aljazeera.com . November 30, 2019, accessed November 30, 2019
  78. ↑ Llazar Semini: Search in Albania quake reduced, death toll at 49. In: apnews.com . November 29, 2019, accessed November 29, 2019.
  79. ^ EU Leads International Help to Albania Quake Recovery. In: voanews.com . December 2, 2019, accessed February 1, 2020.
  80. ↑ Earthquake in Albania: Dozens of people saved from rubble. In: spiegel.de . November 27, 2019, accessed November 28, 2019.
  81. ↑ a b c Albania. Post-Disaster Needs Assessment. (PDF; 12.5 MB) In: europa.eu . February 13, 2020, accessed on February 15, 2020.
  82. ↑ Albania: 32,000 people still homeless three months after devastating earthquake. In: reliefweb.int . IFRC , February 14, 2019, accessed February 15, 2019.
  83. ↑ Albania: Earthquake - Information bulletin. In: reliefweb.int . IFRC , November 27, 2019, accessed November 28, 2019.
  84. ↑ a b Shaun Walker, Helena Smith: Albania earthquake: at least 16 dead and hundreds injured. In: theguardian.com . November 26, 2019, accessed November 26, 2019.
  85. ↑ Shkatërrohet kalaja e Durrësit, nuk i rezistoi dot tërmetit. In: kultplus.com. November 26, 2019, accessed November 27, 2019 (Albanian).
  86. ↑ Shembja e Kulles së Kalasë së prezes. In: gazetasi.al . November 26, 2019, accessed November 27, 2019 (Albanian).
  87. ↑ Dëmtohet Kalaja e Krujës NGA tërmeti i fuqishëm. In: Gazeta Insajderi. November 26, 2019, accessed November 27, 2019 (Albanian).
  88. ↑ a b Albania: Biggest earthquake in decades takes deadly toll. In: dw.com . November 26, 2019, accessed November 27, 2019.
  89. ^ Mourning Albania races against time to find earthquake survivors. In: rfi.fr . November 27, 2019, accessed November 27, 2019.
  90. ↑ Bilanci tragjik, vdesin dy Vëllezërit kosovare në Durres. In: dosja.al. November 26, 2019, accessed November 27, 2019 (Albanian).
  91. ^ A b Rachael Kennedy: Rescue operation underway after at least 25 killed in Albanian earthquake. In: euronews.com . November 27, 2019, accessed November 27, 2019.
  92. ^ Government Declares State of Emergency. In: exit.al . November 27, 2019, accessed November 27, 2019.
  93. ↑ Albania: Earthquake Revised Emergency Appeal n ° MDRAL008. In: reliefweb.int . IFRC, February 14, 2020, accessed February 15, 2020.
  94. ↑ a b c Several deaths in Albania: most tremendous damage in the port city. In: orf.at . November 26, 2019, accessed November 26, 2019.
  95. ^ Albania earthquake: Rescue effort intensifies amid fresh tremors. In: bbc.com . November 27, 2019, accessed November 27, 2019.
  96. ^ Albania earthquake: Rescue efforts wind down. In: dw.com . November 30, 2019, accessed November 30, 2019.
  97. ↑ Earthquake in Albania: Switzerland sends a team of humanitarian experts. In: admin.ch. Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, November 26, 2019, accessed on November 26, 2019 .
  98. ^ US Government Support for Earthquake Recovery Efforts. In: al.usembassy.gov . December 4, 2019, accessed December 31, 2019.
  99. ↑ Belgium sends winter tents and camp beds to Albania, following the earthquake that struck the country. In: diplomatie.belgium.be . December 2, 2019, accessed December 3, 2019.
  100. ^ Emergency Assistance to the Republic of Albania in Response to the Earthquake. In: reliefweb.int . November 28, 2019, accessed November 29, 2019.
  101. ↑ The State of Qatar urgently Responds to Albania earthquake victims. In: reliefweb.int . December 1, 2019, accessed December 3, 2019.
  102. ^ Albania Gets First Aid from Turkey After Deadly Quake. In: reliefweb.int . November 27, 2019, accessed November 28, 2019.
  103. ↑ Polish firefighters transport humanitarian aid to Albania. In: thefirstnews.com . December 18, 2019, accessed December 22, 2019.
  104. ↑ Switzerland expands earthquake aid in Albania. In: admin.ch . December 3, 2019, accessed December 3, 2019.
  105. ^ Hungary Sends Aid to Earthquake hit Albania. In: hungarytoday.hu . December 2, 2019, accessed December 3, 2019.
  106. ↑ UAE to deliver urgent humanitarian assistance worth AED13 million to quake victims in Albania. In: reliefweb.int . November 27, 2019, accessed November 28, 2019.
  107. ↑ Azerbaijan allocates 500,000 euros to quake victims in Albania. In: trend.az . November 29, 2019, accessed November 30, 2019.
  108. ^ Council of Ministers of Bosnia-Herzegovina approved Assistance for Albania. In: sarajevotimes.com . November 4, 2019, accessed November 5, 2019.
  109. ↑ Wassil Peicheva: Даваме 200,000 лева хуманитарна помощ на Албания след земетресението. In: dariknews.bg . November 27, 2019, accessed November 29, 2019 (Bulgarian).
  110. ↑ Maqedonia e Veriut jep 100 mijë Euro për Shqipërinë. In: tvklan.al . November 28, 2019, Retrieved November 29, 2019 (Albanian).
  111. ^ ROK Government Decides to Extend 300,000 USD in Humanitarian Assistance to Earthquake-hit Albania. In: reliefweb.int . November 28, 2019, Retrieved November 30, 2019 (Albanian).
  112. ↑ Linda Bordoni: Pope sends aid to Albania earthquake victims. In: vaticannews.va . November 28, 2019, accessed November 29, 2019.
  113. ↑ The number of victims after the earthquake in Albania rose to 49. In: sn.at . November 29, 2019. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
  114. ^ Red Cross responds after deadly earthquake. In: reliefweb.int . IFRC, November 27, 2019, accessed November 28, 2019.
  115. ↑ Earthquake in Albania: Caritas asks for donations. In: orf.at . November 26, 2019, accessed November 26, 2019.
  116. ↑ Help starts emergency aid for earthquake victims in Albania. In: presseportal.de . November 26, 2019, accessed November 26, 2019.
  117. ^ Emergency aid - earthquake in Albania. In: aktion-deutschland-hilft.de . Retrieved November 30, 2019.
  118. ↑ VENDIMI / U propozua nga Rama si ministër Shteti për Rindërtim, Meta dekreton Arben Ahmetajn. In: dosja.al . December 13, 2019, accessed February 17, 2020 (Albanian).
  119. ↑ Albania's November Quake Caused $ 1.1 Billion in Damages. In: nytimes.com . February 5, 2020, accessed on February 5, 2020.
  120. ^ Government announces tax relief for businesses affected by the November earthquake. In: Top Channel. March 7, 2020, accessed March 9, 2020 .
  121. ↑ EU pledges € 15 million to Albania for earthquake relief. In: dw.com . November 4, 2019, accessed November 4, 2019.
  122. ↑ a b EU organizes international donor conference for Albania to support reconstruction after the earthquake. In: europa.eu . January 10, 2020, accessed January 15, 2020.
  123. ^ Albania earthquake: European Union, United Nations and World Bank jointly support Government to assess needs, develop recovery plan. In: reliefweb.int . December 24, 2019, accessed December 31, 2019.
  124. ↑ EU and international donors pledge € 1.15 billion for reconstruction after the earthquake in Albania. In: europa.eu . February 17, 2020, accessed February 18, 2020.
  125. ↑ 260 Apartment Blocks, over Two Thousand Houses Uninhabitable after Albanian Earthquake. In: exit.at . December 9, 2019, accessed December 17, 2019.
  126. ↑ Llazar Semini: Albania demolishes quake-damaged building with explosives. In: apnews.com . December 3, 2019, accessed December 17, 2019.
  127. ↑ Schweizer denounces the construction methods in Albania: “Baupfusch is to blame for so many deaths”. In: blick.ch . November 29, 2019, accessed December 17, 2019.
  128. ↑ Help in Albania: Houses are still collapsing. Bad construction causes further damage. In: presseportal.de . November 30, 2019, accessed December 17, 2019.
  129. ^ Nine arrests after earthquake in Albania. In: orf.at . December 15, 2019, accessed December 15, 2019.
  130. ^ Albania earthquake: Arrests over deaths in collapsed buildings. In: bbc.com . December 14, 2019, accessed December 22, 2019.
  131. ↑ Geri Emiri: Albanian Quake Probe Hones in on Sub-Standard Concrete. In: balkaninsight.com . January 16, 2020, accessed on February 1, 2020.
  132. ^ Prosecutors Order Detention of 40 People over Earthquake Damages. In: exit.al . January 15, 2020, accessed on February 1, 2020.
  133. ^ The Albanian Earthquake - What's the Situation Three Months Later. In: exit.al . February 27, 2020, accessed on February 27, 2020.