Ernst Theodor von Brücke

Ernst Theodor von Brücke

Ernst Theodor von Brücke (born October 8, 1880 in Vienna , † June 12, 1941 in Boston , Massachusetts ) was an Austrian doctor and physiologist .

Life

Ernst Theodor von Brücke grew up in a Jewish family in Vienna . He was the son of the court councilor at the Vienna Higher Regional Court Theodor von Brücke (1853-1918) and Emilie (Milly), née. Wittgenstein (1853-1939).

Brücke studied medicine at the University of Vienna and the University of Leipzig . He received his doctorate from the University of Vienna in 1905. His habilitation took place in 1908 at the Physiological Institute of the University of Leipzig with Ewald Hering , where he worked as an assistant from 1905. Here he worked from 1908 as a private lecturer in physiology and was appointed associate professor in 1913. Appointed professor. In 1916 he succeeded Wilhelm Trendelenburg as a full professor and head of the Physiological Institute at the University of Innsbruck . In the academic year 1926/27 he was rector of the university. Because of his ties to Innsbruck, he declined an appointment to Basel in 1924. From 1922 he was a corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna and from 1925 a member of the Physiology Section of the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina .

After the annexation of Austria , he was dismissed from the University of Innsbruck on April 14, 1938 under pressure from the National Socialist student body because of his Jewish origin . Brücke emigrated to the USA in 1939 , where he was accepted as a visiting professor at the Institute of Alexander Forbes (1882-1965) at Harvard University in Cambridge , Massachusetts . Ernst Theodor von Brücke died in Boston in 1941.

“His main areas of work were nerve and muscle physiology; He developed the method of simultaneous, "floating" stimulation of reflex-stimulating and reflex-inhibiting nerves with different frequencies. Further investigations concerned the function of vegetative organs, questions of comparative physiology and physiological optics, which B. and his students reported on in more than 140 individual papers. "

family

Ernst Theodor von Brücke married Pauline geb. Roelfs. The couple had two sons and two daughters. The son Franz Theodor von Brücke (1908–1970) became a well-known doctor and pharmacologist . Goldsmiths, painters and engravers can be found among the North German ancestors. The first important scientist in the family was Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke , Ernst Theodor's grandfather. He was appointed to the chair of physiology in Vienna in 1849 and his services for 1873 ennobled . From 1930, Brücke was married to the gynecologist Dora Teleky for the second time .

Fonts (selection)

• About the relationship between the current of action and the twitching of the muscle in the course of fatigue. Habilitation thesis, 1908.
• On the basics and methods of cerebral physiology and its relationship to psychology (based on an inaugural lecture given on December 18, 1913 at the University of Leipzig), Fischer, Jena 1914.
• The mammalian organism and its services (= books of natural science. ) Reclam, 1914.
  Part 1: The metabolism and its auxiliary devices
  Part 2: The functions of the nervous and muscular system and the interaction of the organs.
• On the biological sense of sport (academic speech given when he took over the rectorate at the University of Innsbruck on November 22, 1926), Springer, Vienna 1926.
• Ernst [Wilhelm von] bridge. Biography, Springer, Vienna 1928.

literature

• Theodor von der Wense :  Bridge, Ernst Theodor von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 654 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Bridge Ernst Theodor von. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 1, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1957, p. 119.
• Alma Kreuter: German-speaking neurologists and psychiatrists: a biographical-bibliographical lexicon from the forerunners to the middle of the 20th century. de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 1995, ISBN 3-11-096165-2 , p. 194 ( limited preview in the Google book search)
• Heinz Huber: History of the Medical Faculty Innsbruck and the medical-surgical college: (1673-1938). Böhlau, Vienna 2010, ISBN 978-3-205-78417-3 . ( limited preview in Google Book search)
• Ernst Theodor Brücke, kMI 1922. In: GEDENKBUCH for the victims of National Socialism at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. ( oeaw.ac.at ).

Web links

• Literature by Ernst Theodor von Brücke in the catalog of the German National Library
• Brücke, Ernst von in the German biography
• Prof. Dr. phil. Ernst Theodor Bridge. in the professorial catalog of the University of Leipzig
• Ernst Theodor Brücke (1880–1941). in the iPoint archive of the University of Innsbruck

Individual evidence

1. ↑ See literature: GEDENKBUCH ...
2. ↑ Member entry by Ernst Theodor von Brücke at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on December 6, 2016.
3. ↑ ^{a b} Theodor von der Wense :  Brücke, Ernst Theodor von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 654 f. ( Digitized version ).
4. ^ Hermann Ziegenspeck :  Bridge, Ernst Wilhelm von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 655 ( digitized version ).
5. ^ Ernst-August Seyfarth: Ernst Theodor von Brücke (1880-1941) and Alexander Forbes (1882-1965): Chronicle of a Transatlantic Friendship in Difficult Times. Abstract from: Perspectives in Biology and Medicine , Volume 40, No. 1, Autumn 1996, pp. 45-54 (English) Online at Project MUSE
6. ↑ Sabine Fisch: Diligence, perseverance, conscientiousness. (Part 1) In: Doctors Week , Springer, 1/2008 Online ( Memento from December 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) at SpringerMedizin.at.