Seriously rough

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Ernst Konrad Unbehauen (born March 19, 1899 in Zirndorf ; † September 23, 1980 in Rothenburg ob der Tauber ) was a German elementary school teacher and painter . In particular, the Franconian towns of Rothenburg ob der Tauber and Wiesentheid had a rough effect .

Life

Early years (until 1933)

Ernst Konrad Unbehauen was born on March 19, 1899 in Zirndorf near Nuremberg . He was the third child of Babette and Johann Michael Unbehauen. Two older brothers, Oskar Philipp (* 1890) and Leonhard Otto (* 1896), had two older brothers, two daughters of the family had died in infancy. The father Johann Michael worked as a primary school teacher and cantor in Zirndorf , so that young Ernst also attended primary school here.

However, the father died of peritoneal tuberculosis in 1907 and the widow moved with her children to Rothenburg, where her family came from. Frequent changes of residence within the city testify to the poverty caused by the death of the father. Unhauen quickly turned to the youth movement and became a member of the Jung-Wandervogel and the youth guard in Rothenburg . Ernst Unbehauen also attended secondary school in Rothenburg. During the First World War he graduated and entered the preparatory school of the Schwabach teacher training college to become an elementary school teacher like his father and brother Oskar Philipp.

In 1917 Unhauen was drafted and trained as a gunner in Grafenwöhr . He later served on the front lines in northern France. At the end of the war he was captured by the English, from which he was able to escape. 1919 Unbehauen joined a volunteer corps to which the defeat of the Soviet Republic of Munich moved. After his return he passed his final examination to become a primary school teacher in Schwabach in 1919. Already at this point in time, the young teacher's talent for drawing appeared in the assessment of his performance.

Ernst Unbehauen produced his first artistic work in 1921, when he was commissioned by First Mayor Friedrich Liebermann to design the emergency money for the city of Rothenburg. In the same year Unbehauen was also a founding member of the Hans Sachs Games in his hometown. He got a job as a primary school teacher in Rothenburg and at the same time gave drawing lessons in the local vocational school. He also began to get involved with the clubs in Rothenburg.

In 1923 he was transferred to the primary school in Lehengütingen . In 1924 he became a full-time business professor. In 1925, the university professors at the Munich Art Academy , Eugen Hönig and Ernst Liebermann , visited Rothenburg and became aware of the works (especially wall paintings) that were uncut. They obtained his exemption as a teacher and the young artist was able to study at the art academy until 1926. Here he mainly learned a traditional understanding of art from the lecturers Ludwig von Herterich and Julius Diez .

In the period that followed, Unbehauen succeeded in creating the first wall paintings for restaurants in Rothenburg, Dinkelsbühl , Nuremberg and Roth . Later works were created for the Leipzig Grassi Museum . Around 1924 Unbehauen had married Paula Güllich from Rothenburg, with whom he was to have a daughter. Güllich died in 1930. In 1932, the closure of the vocational school was discussed, where Unbehauen continued to teach. The city fought in particular for the continued employment of the artist and was finally able to avert the closure.

During National Socialism (until 1945)

On April 1, 1933, Unbehauen joined the SA , and on May 1, 1933, he became a member of the NSDAP . Unhaauen probably sympathized with the Nazi ideology and subsequently joined other organizations such as the Nazi teachers' association , the colonial association and the Reich Chamber of Culture . His membership of the Ansbach Freemasons led to problems with the NS party organizations in 1934, so that NSDAP membership was initially declared null and void.

In 1934 Unbehauen was appointed to the master school of painting in Nuremberg. The city of Rothenburg successfully sought the now recognized artist and promoted him to the position of senior professor. In 1936 Unbehauen became a member of the NSDAP again. He subsequently joined an advisory board that was supposed to promote the redesign of Rothenburg in line with the Nazi ideology . Ernst Unbehauen also designed the “Jewish tablets” with anti-Semitic inscriptions on the Rothenburg city gates.

A ritual murder depiction based on a woodcut by Michael Wolgemut was published as early as 1935 and was originally intended to be presented as a gift to Julius Streicher , the Gauleiter of Middle Franconia . Perhaps from 1938 onwards the party broke with the Rothenburg district leadership, because Unhauen no longer featured prominently at official events. In the same year the artist had a son and in 1932 he had his second marriage to Gerda Stapf.

Ernst Unbehauen was a soldier in World War II from 1939 , but did not allow himself to be assigned to a propaganda company. During the war he first worked as a painter in Paris and painted a 14-story hospital in Clichy with murals. In the following years he also took over the management of the arts and crafts school in Paris. Most recently Unbehauen worked as a portrait painter at the Medical Academy in Berlin and ran studios in Berlin, Paris, Prague and Würzburg. Unheauens works could also be seen in the Great German Art Exhibition in 1943.

In the spring of 1945 he fled from Berlin with the medical officers of the Medical Academy and lived for a short time in his studio in Würzburg . After the destruction of the city in April 1945, he received accommodation in the Counts Schönborn Castle in Wiesentheid, where he also experienced the end of the war. Countess Ernestine von Schönborn set up a studio for him in one of the round towers.

Post-war period and retirement (until 1980)

Immediately after the Second World War, Unhauen was removed from the public service as a teacher and only had to live from his art from Wiesentheid. During this time, many portraits of the castle visitors and the so-called Wiesentheider Narreteien , a collection of caricatures, were created. At the same time Unbehauen was active in industry and carried out decorative activities for the Hoechst paintworks . He also worked as a commercial artist for the Asta company, Bielefeld . For the first time, landscape paintings with depictions of the Steigerwald can also be proven.

From 1947 a judicial chamber proceedings against uncut because of his involvement in the spread of Nazi ideology was initiated. He was initially classified in Group II and, as a “burdened person”, had to expect his assets to be confiscated. He was also sentenced to eight months in a labor camp in Nuremberg- Langwasser . Unbehauen, however, appealed early on and achieved a revision of his procedure in November 1947, so that he was now classified as a “ minor offender ” (Group III).

Despite this stage victory, Unbehauen continued to complain and succeeded after several attempts. His probation period ended on March 1, 1949, and in a follow-up trial in Ansbach he was finally declared a “fellow traveler”. In the meantime, Unbehauen had moved to nearby Kitzingen , and after the successful outcome of the follow-up proceedings, he could again hope to be accepted into the civil service .

In fact, efforts were made in Rothenburg to get the artist. On February 1, 1953, Unbehauen received a transitional allowance, before starting December 1, 1954, he resumed his service as a salaried teacher in the municipal vocational school . On May 1, 1955, he became a civil servant for life . Roughly built a house in Rothenburg and began to take an active part in cultural life again. He was active in the Alt-Rothenburg Association and from 1956 took over the direction of the festival, Der Meistertrunk .

In April 1963, Ernst Unbehauen was appointed "Business Studies Professor" by a city council resolution, a position that is unique in all of Germany. Unbehauen went into age-related retirement that same year. In the following years he remained a monument conservator and home curator in Rothenburg before he also gave up these offices in 1974 because of criticism of his conservative goals. As early as 1966, Unbehauen had established the so-called historical vault as a museum exhibition for the master drink. Ernst Unbehauen died on September 23, 1980 in Rothenburg.

Awards

literature

  • Ulrich Herz: The painter and man Ernst Unbehauen (1899–1980). Also a piece of contemporary Rothenburg history. Rothenburg ob der Tauber 2011.
  • Paul Ultsch: Franconian contemporary artists: Ernst Unbehauen . In: Frankenbund (ed.): Frankenland. Journal for Franconian regional studies and culture. 1978 . Würzburg 1978. pp. 142-149. Frankenland Uni Würzburg , PDF file, from p. 2.

Web links

Commons : Ernst Unbehauen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Ulrich Herz: The painter and man Ernst Unbehauen. P. 9 f.
  2. Ulrich Hertz: The painter and man Ernst Unbehauen. P. 25.
  3. Ulrich Herz: The painter and man Ernst Unbehauen. P. 30 f.
  4. Rothenburg-unterm-Hakenkreuz: Ernst Unbehauen and his involvement in the Nazi regime and anti-Semitic propaganda posters did not have a negative effect on him after 1945, but it is a part of controversial Rothenburg culture. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
  5. Ulrich Herz: The painter and man Ernst Unbehauen. P. 51.
  6. Ulrich Herz: The painter and man Ernst Unbehauen. P. 53.
  7. Ulrich Herz: The painter and man Ernst Unbehauen . Pp. 58-63.
  8. Ulrich Herz: The painter and man Ernst Unbehauen. P. 88.