Erythrodiplax umbrata
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Erythrodiplax umbrata female |
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| Erythrodiplax umbrata | ||||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1758) |
Umbrata erythrodiplax is a dragonfly - kind of genre erythrodiplax of the subfamily Sympetrinae . It occurs in Central and South America as well as in the south of North America . Their common English name is "band-winged dragonlet".
features
Construction of the Imago
The animal reaches a length of 38 to 47 mm, of which 23 to 34 mm is on the abdomen . This makes it the second largest species of the genus after Erythrodiplax funerea .
The species shows sexual dimorphisms , i.e. differences in the appearance of male and female animals. The males have a broad, dark band on the wings between the nodus and the pterostigma , which becomes even darker with age. In females, on the other hand, this wing banding is either reduced to a paler and narrower strip that does not reach the pterostigma, or - which is usually the case - is not present at all, whereby these females then often have dark wing tips. The hind wings are between 25 and 34 mm long. The forehead and the thorax are olive or gray-brown in both sexes.
Young animals of both sexes have rectangular, pale spots on the sides of the abdomen. In some animals, the rear wing at the base is also amber to brown.
Construction of the larva
The monochrome larva reaches a size of 15 to 16 mm, and its abdomen ends rather bluntly. The larva has a hairless body except for the prothorax . The head is longer than the thorax with four notches on the lower jaw. The third segment of the antennas is the longest. The paired side plates (ventrolateral plates) of the eleventh abdominal segment , the so-called paraproct , are smooth when viewed from the side.
Spread and time of flight
Erythrodiplax umbrata is common in Central America and the adjacent areas. In the United States , its distribution area extends largely over Texas and South Florida , individual stray animals have been reported from Ohio . In the south of the continent, the species reaches Argentina . It is native to the Bahamas and the Antilles in the Gulf of Mexico and the adjacent islands . Due to their tropical to subtropical distribution area, adults of the species can be observed all year round.
behavior
Shortly after emergence from the larval shell, the animals leave their development waters and disappear into the surrounding area to mature, often at altitudes of 100 to 400 m above sea level. NN can be seen. They only return to the water when they reach sexual maturity. The change in color associated with aging, together with this behavior, made an assignment very difficult in the past. The mating takes place very quickly in flight, the female is not guarded by the male when laying eggs. The developing waters of the larvae are swamps and smaller still waters, especially temporary waters. The males often patrol ponds. Since sexually mature adults of E. umbrata apparently spend the summer in shady forests during the tropical dry season, they have also been observed in very large numbers as part of a dragonfly mass migration on the Pacific side of Costa Rica shortly after the onset of the rainy season. Such mass migrations are probably directly related to the over-summering of certain dragonfly species, whereby these try to escape adverse conditions in their actual breeding area during the dry season. However, other sources report that the species rarely occurs in larger flocks , but is usually sighted in small groups of up to four animals.
Similar species
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In addition to the somewhat larger and less common Erythrodiplax funerea mentioned above , Erythrodiplax umbrata can also be confused with Pseudoleon superbus . However, this species has more pronounced wing spots. Furthermore, Erythemis vesiculosa can easily be confused with young animals or females without wing coloring. However, this species is rather light green and the abdomen has black markings.
Naming
The species was first described as Libellula umbrata in 1758 by Linnaeus using a male from Surinam as follows:
" Alis planis albis. fascia fusca. Habitat in America. Rolander. Alarum fascia in medio; apices alarum obscuriores "
The holotype is now in the Natural History Museum in London . In 1773, Carl de Geer described an animal as Libellula unifasciata . In his Manual of entomology gave Hermann Burmeister 1839 descriptions of a male from Surinam as Libellula fallax and a male from Brazil as Libellula subfasciata which are both in the summer's Collection are, as well as a male from Cuba , located in the Winthem's Collection as Libellula tripartita is , and a female from Saint Thomas , which is now kept in the Halle Zoological Collection as Libellula ruralis . In 1842 there was a description of an animal from Brazil, which is now part of the Serville's Collection as Libellula flavicans thanks to Rambur . Blanchard delivered in 1845 , the description of a male from Brazil as Libellula fuscofasciata . In 1890 , WF Kirby cleared up by recognizing the synonymy of the names Libellula unifasciata , Libellula fallax , Libellula subfasciata , Libellula tripartita , and Libellula ruralis . In 1899 Calvert introduced the name Trithemis montezuma with the description of a female from Mexico . This copy is now in the Calvert's Collection . It was now up to Ris in 1911 to determine the synonymity of the remaining names.
Trivia
A $ 2.50 postage stamp appeared on Montserrat on January 19, 1983 in a row with other dragonflies showing a male of Erythrodiplax umbrata . Your Michel number is 506.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Henrik Steinmann: World Catalog of Odonata (Volume II Anisoptera) [p. 455], de Gruyter, 1997, ISBN 3-110-14934-6
- ↑ a b c d Band-winged Dragonlet ( Memento of May 8, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) (April 9, 2006)
- ↑ http://www.sbs.utexas.edu/jcabbott/courses/bio321web/labs/odonata/floridadrgnfly.pdf (link not available)
- ^ Muzón and Garré: Description of the last instar of Erythrodiplax paraguayensis (Anisoptera: Libellulidae) . In: Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. . 64, 2005, pp. 85-91.
- ^ A b Dark SW (1989) - Dragonflies of the Florida Peninsula, Bermuda and the Bahamas. [S. 94f.]. Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, ISBN 0945417233
- ↑ Francois Meugereay - Etude Faunistique of Odonates de Martinique (PDF file)
- ^ D. Paulson in Corbet PS (1999) - Dragonflies: Behavior and ecology of Odonata [p. 262]. Harley Books, Colchester, ISBN 094658964X
- ^ CW Heckman: The Pantanal of Poconé. Biota and Ecology in the Northern Section of the World's Largest Pristine Wetland [p. 248], Springer, April 30, 1998, ISBN 079234863X
- ^ Dragonflies stamps 1980-1984 ( Memento from September 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (April 3, 2006)
