Étienne-Hubert de Cambacérès

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Étienne-Hubert de Cambacérès

Étienne-Hubert de Cambacérès (born September 11, 1756 in Montpellier , † October 25, 1818 in Rouen ) was a French clergyman, Archbishop of Rouen and cardinal of the Roman Church .

Origin and family

He was the son of Antoine de Cambacères, a consultant at the Cour de Comptes , and his first wife Marie Rose Vassal. Of the eleven children survived except Étienne-Hubert only its older brother Jean-Jacques Régis de Cambacérès (1753-1824), the later Emperor Napoleon I Duke of Parma and government of France should be.

Life

He first attended the seminar in Avignon and then the University of Montpellier , which he graduated in 1777 as a licentiate in canon law and private law.

He was ordained priest in Montpellier in 1780. In 1788 he became an honorary vicar general of Alès . During the French Revolution in 1790 he did not take an oath on the civil constitution of the clergy because he did not hold an ecclesiastical office. In the further course of the revolution he lived withdrawn in Montpellier and was not bothered because his brother Jean-Jacques Régis was a member of the National Convention . He later refused to invoke hatred of royalty, but in 1792 he agreed to have the oath of freedom and equality and submission to the laws of the republic taken from the 2nd Pririal of the year III. Furthermore, in 1800 he swore his loyalty to the constitution of the French Republic. In November 1801 he went to Paris, where he met his brother again, who had become second consul of the republic after the coup d'état of 18th Brumaire VIII .

The First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte appointed de Cambacérès on April 9, 1802 Archbishop of Rouen, which the Cardinal Legate Giovanni Battista Caprara accepted the next day; the appeal was confirmed by a bull dated July 5, 1802. He was ordained bishop on Palm Sunday , April 11, 1802, in the cathedral of Paris by Cardinal Giovanni Battista Caprara; Co - consecrators were Michel-François de Couët du Vivier de Lorry , Bishop of La Rochelle , and Jean Batiste Maillé de La Tour , Archbishop of Reims .

Pope Pius VII accepted him in the consistory of January 17, 1803 as a cardinal priest in the college of cardinals , followed on January 22 by the award of the red biretta, which the First Consul Napoleon presented to him on March 27 of the same year in the Tuileries chapel . The Pope awarded him the cardinal's hat and the titular church of Santo Stefano al Monte Celio on February 1, 1805. As early as November 1804, he had been asked to accompany the Pope from Turin to Napoleon's coronation as emperor .

On February 1, 1805 he was elected Senator for the Hérault department and the day after he was appointed Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor . Napoleon made him imperial count on September 18, 1808 . Cardinal de Cambacérès did not appear at Napoleon's second wedding to Archduchess Marie-Louise of Austria , but apparently had a sufficient excuse for not having to do without the cardinal's purple like the "Black Cardinals" Alessandro Mattei and Carlo Oppizzoni .

After the fall of Napoleon, he publicly welcomed the Restoration and on April 8, 1814, he approved the Senate decision to depose Napoleon. In June 1815 he became a member of the newly created upper house (Chambre des Pairs) , and he did not give up this position in the concordat negotiations of 1816 either.

Étienne-Hubert de Cambacérès died on October 25, 1818 in his episcopal city and was buried in the cathedral of Rouen .

Honors

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predecessor Office successor
Dominique de La Rochefoucauld Archbishop of Rouen
1802-1818
François V. de Pierre de Bernis