Eucharius Rösslin the Elder

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Title page Der Swangern frawen and midwife roszgarte , second edition printed by Heinrich Gran .
Presentation of the rose garden to Duchess Katharina of Saxony and Braunschweig.
Fig. From Chapter 4: A woman giving birth in a birthing chair.

Eucharius Rösslin the Elder , also Eucharius Rösslin (* 1470 in Waldkirch ; † September 23, 1526 in Frankfurt am Main ) was a German doctor and pharmacist.

Life

Eucharius Rösslin worked as a pharmacist in Freiburg im Breisgau from 1493 . After being convicted of violent behavior in a legal dispute with a town clerk in 1504, he left the city in 1506 and, after negotiating with the Frankfurt council, went to Frankfurt am Main as a town doctor . There he was in the service of Duchess Katharina of Saxony and Braunschweig, the wife of Duke Erich I of Braunschweig-Lüneburg . He dedicated his rose garden, compiled from 1508 to 1512 and published in 1513 by the printer Martin Flach (approx. 1440 – approx. 1510) in Strasbourg , to it . In 1513 he worked as a city doctor in Worms , where he held the title of Doctor of Medicine, and from where he went to Frankfurt again in 1517 to work again as a city doctor. He died there at the end of September 1526, whereupon his son Eucharius Rösslin became the younger successor in the office of Frankfurt city doctor.

The rose garden

The Pregnant Women and Midwives Rosengarten , as the full title is, is the first important handbook on obstetrics and is based on ancient texts, in particular works by Soranos of Ephesus (in the translation and adaptation of Gynaikeia made at the beginning of the 6th century as Gynaecia by Mustio), and on the work of the Italian doctor Giovanni Michele Savonarola . The 13 chapters contain 25 woodcuts made by Erhard Schön on which different child positions and a birthing chair are shown. Rösslin also took content from the women's book by a pseudo-Ortolf von Baierland (“Ortolff von Bayerland”: Disz biechlin says how the frawen hold up before de purt in the purt and after the purt ) and from the children's book by Bartholomäus Metlinger . Numerous new editions made the “Rosengarten” the standard work for midwives for a long time .

The word rose (n) garden refers to a book as a collection of different texts (see also Rosengarten zu Worms ), whereby the individual components are perceived as roses, which the recipient can enjoy. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm see the origin of this naming tradition in the Persian rose garden (Gulistân) of Saadi .

His son Eucharius Rösslin the Younger translated the work into Latin and gave it the title De partu hominis .

In the course of the 16th century, the rose (n) garden was translated from German and Latin into many European languages, and some of it continued into the 18th century.

In matrimony Pharmacopoeia ( Ehstands Arzneybuch ) is from 1526, the rose garden along with writings of Johann Wonnecke of Kaub ( women drug ), Albertus Magnus ( The secrets ), Ludovicus Bonatiolus ( From sorglichen coincidences of pregnant women ) and Bartholomäus Metlinger ( Leibspflegung or Kindspflegung ) relocated.

One of Rösslin's major merits was that he wrote his book in German, which was easy to understand. Even if some of the midwives of the time, who often came from lower social classes , were illiterate, the rose garden served as a teaching aid for midwifery training by the medical officers and as a guideline for the emerging midwifery exams in the 16th century.

Work editions

  • The swangery women and midwives rose garden. Strasbourg (Martin Flach) 1513; New prints Zurich 1976 (with an introduction by Huldrych M. Koelbing) and Wutöschingen 1994 (with a foreword by Roland Schuhmann and an epilogue on medical history by Ortrun Riha).
  • The swangern frawen and midwife Rossgarten. Worms 1513; Neudruck Berlin (Schering AG) undated
  • The swangern frawen and midwife Rossgarten. 2nd edition Hagenau (Heinrich Gran) 1513; Digitized .

See also

literature

  • Gundolf Keil: Rößlin, Eucharius, d.Ä. (Rhodion) . In: The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon . 2nd Edition. Volume 8, 1992, Col. 244-248.
  • Gundolf Keil:  Rößlin, Eucharius the Elder. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 21, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-428-11202-4 , p. 752 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Britta-Juliane Kruse: New discovery of a handwritten preliminary stage of Eucharius Rößlin's midwifery textbook “The Pregnant Women and Midwives Rosengarten” and the “Frauenbüchlein” Pseudo-Ortolf. In: Sudhoffs Archiv 78, 1994, pp. 220-236.
  • FWE Roth : Eucharius Rösslin the Elder . In: Central Journal for Libraries . Volume 13 Issue 7, pp. 289–311 DigiZeitschriften .
  • Ulrich Zasius 'history book' of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau. A collection of exemplary individual cases on urban politics, legal and administrative practice in the late Middle Ages . Edited by Hans Schadek. Vol. 2: Biographies. Freiburg im Breisgau: Stadtarchiv 2015 (= publications from the archive of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau 40/2), pp. 401–403 ISBN 9783923272372
  • Franz von Winckel:  Roesslin, Eucharius . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 29, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, p. 243.
  • Monica H. Green: The Sources of Eucharius Rösslin's "Rosegarden for Pregnant Women and Midwives" (1513) . In: Medical History, Volume 53, 2009, pp. 167–192, PMC 2668903 (free full text)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Britta-Juliane Kruse: Rößlin d. Ä., Eucharius (Rösslin, Rössly, Rössle, etc.). In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1260 f.
  2. ↑ Peter Schneck: Eucharius Rösslin - the author of the oldest printed midwifery textbook. On the 450th anniversary of the anniversary of his death , in: Die Heilberufe, Springer Verlag Berlin, 28th Jg., 1976, pp. 212-215.
  3. ↑ Ortolff Bayer Country: woman book
  4. ^ German dictionary by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Leipzig 1893, vol. 14 p. 1198
personal data
SURNAME Rösslin, Eucharius the Elder
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rößlin, Eucharius d. Ä.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor
DATE OF BIRTH 1470
PLACE OF BIRTH Waldkirch
DATE OF DEATH September 23, 1526
Place of death Frankfurt am Main