Evangelical Church Villingen (Hungen)

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Church from the south

The Evangelical Church in Villingen , a district of Hungen in the district of Gießen ( Hesse ), consists of three structures, a square choir tower from the 13th century, a polygonal choir end in the east from the 14th century and the rectangular nave from the late Gothic with a Half-timbered addition from 1696/97. The church is characteristic of the town and is a Hessian cultural monument .

history

Looking east

The church and tower with a semicircular east apse were built in the 13th century. The church was probably St. Dedicated to Margareta . This is indicated by the Villinger Chronicle from the 17th century, which connects the Kirchweih festival with Margaret's Day, and the Margaret Bell from 1505. The apse was replaced by a polygonal choir in the first half of the 14th century. At the end of the Middle Ages, Villingen belonged in church terms to the dean's office in Friedberg to the archdeaconate of St. Maria ad Gradus in the archdiocese of Mainz in the Hungen district. In the year 1402 a pastor is proven for the lost place Meßfelden (Maßfelden), who had his parish seat in Messfelden or Villingen. Presumably Hungen exercised the right of patronage until 1420 , then the Marienstift in Lich, which Villingen seems to be incorporated into in 1486. A pleban is mentioned for Villingen in 1435 and a separate parish for 1504. It has so far not been proven that the church was originally a subsidiary of Hungen. At times it belonged to the parish of Hungen. With the introduction of the Reformation , Villingen switched to the Protestant denomination and has been associated with Nonnenroth in the past . Valentin Rabe was the first Protestant pastor here until 1579. Under Count Konrad von Solms-Braunfels , a change to the Reformed Confession was decided in 1582 at the Hungen Synod and introduced in Villingen that same year.

In 1696/97 the ship was converted into a sermon church based on the model of the town church in Hungen by adding an upper floor made of half-timbering and adding galleries inside. In the course of the installation of a tower gallery for the new organ, the triumphal arch was removed and the previously open passage to the choir designed as a door. The western half-timbered porch for the gallery stairways was created in 1785 instead of the inner staircase from 1696. In addition, the lower storeys of the nave and tower received arched windows like the upper storey of the nave instead of the original pointed arch windows. The east choir window has been converted into a door. Since then the choir has served as an anteroom. In 1788 Daniel Hisgen received 90 guilders for paintings and gilding. A lightning strike on July 31, 1870, which killed the teacher Rappold and a schoolboy, caused severe damage to the spire, the parish chair and the masonry. As a result, the spire was renewed that same year.

Cracks in the brickwork of the tower were repaired in 1890 and 1966. In 1967 there was an exterior renovation and an interior renovation in 1968.

architecture

Church from the west

The east-facing church is located in the middle of a walled cemetery in the southern center of the village. The oldest parts are the choir tower and the solidly bricked-up basement of the nave. The rediscovered priest gate in the southern tower wall and the shape of the acoustic arcades in the earlier bell storey point to the late 13th century. The stone tower shaft on a square floor plan is divided into two different high storeys by a cornice. The lower part has a window on the north and south side and the round arched south portal. The low upper floor (bell-shaped storey) has domed pointed arch windows on each side, above which stone triangular gables with a coupled window each rise. The gables lead over to the eight-sided pointed helmet, which is crowned by a tower button, cross and weathercock. Inside, instead of the original pointed triumphal arch, a high opening with an arched arch connects the nave with the chancel.

The small, indented five-eighth closure dates from the first half of the 14th century. The tower and choir are architecturally influenced by the Marburg Elisabeth Church and the Arnsburg building works. Originally, four irregular pointed arch windows were let in and the choir and tower room were vaulted. This is indicated by the remains of the buttresses between the tower and the nave, which diverted the thrust of the vaults. Since 1785 the choir has been accessed through the eastern door with wooden walls. Four asymmetrical windows illuminate the room.

The stone basement of the ship from medieval times and the half-timbered upper floor are plastered in white. The western gable triangle is slated. A narrow, drawn-in porch with a hipped roof extends to the height of the triangular gable. The interior is lit through windows with arches corresponding to the galleries in two levels, whereby the upper windows with wooden walls are modeled on the lower stone windows. The old west entrance with basket arch has a Gothic stone wall. Since 1785, the built-in western extension with a crooked roof has formed the main entrance, the stairs of which lead to the galleries.

Furnishing

Looking west
pulpit

The interior of the ship is closed off by a flat ceiling with two longitudinal beams . These rest on octagonal, marbled wooden posts that include the three-sided gallery. The white fillings of the gallery balustrades have red ornaments and gold-colored profile strips. The central north pillar is provided with an inscription: "ANNO 1696 DEN 16. DAY JVNI". The remains of the late baroque stucco ceiling have been preserved above the galleries.

The wooden, polygonal pulpit from the late 17th century consists of a pulpit staircase and basket as well as a sound cover. The pulpit fields have round arches in the middle and rectangular panels with gold-plated profiles above and below. The pulpit lid has gilded cords at the bottom and gilded tendrils with spikes on top. The conclusion is a flat carved angel blowing a trumpet with the words "Glory to God". The altar made of gray, yellow-white-veined marble from Oberbiel resembles that in the Nonnenrother church and stands on a curved stipe from 1827. The profiled cafeteria was created in 1785.

In the south side of the choir there is an ogival piscina and in the north wall a sacrament niche with a wooden door, which is marked with the year 1550 and bears the name "Musch, Schultes". This musch was also called Münch and was mayor in Villingen when the Reformation was introduced. In the former priest's gate is the stone of a sacrament niche, a gable-shaped eyelash with pinnacles . An iron-studded wooden chest measuring 0.50 × 1.13 meters is 0.75 meters high with a foot. It was used to store important documents. The old offering box stands next to it on an octagonal base.

organ

Baroque organ front in front of the organ from 1904

An undated document from the Solms-Braunfels archive reports on a wooden organ that was to be sold for a new building. In 1740 a new instrument was purchased, the builder of which is unknown, but which shows similarities with the organs of the Dreuth family. The trapezoidal central tower is flanked by two pointed towers that protrude from flat fields. The veil, which closes the pipe fields at the top, consists of flat-carved, openwork tendrils. The side wings have gilded tendrils with volutes. Cords with buds and fruit hangings are attached to the four pilaster strips, and a continuous, profiled cornice with architrave , frieze and crown molding below the pipe fields . The upper cornice of the same construction is interrupted by the central tower. Curved consoles mediate between the narrower lower case and the wider upper part. The case is crowned by two flat-carved trumpet angels, in the same style as on the pulpit cover. King David plays the harp on the central tower. The gallery parapet shows two pictures from the 20th century with singing angels in the Baroque style.

In 1904 , the Förster & Nicolaus Orgelbau company built a new organ behind the baroque case , which takes up the entire width of the arch. A rectangular box for the console was built into the organ loft , the panels of which show two singing angels. The prospectus has been a silent facade ever since. The movement with pneumatic cone chests has twelve stops on two manuals and a pedal and has been preserved to this day. The disposition is as follows:

I Manual C – f 3
Principal 8th'
Bordon 8th'
Gamba 8th'
flute 8th'
Octave 4 ′
Octave 2 ′
Mixture III 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
II Manual C – f 3
Darling Covered 8th'
Salicional 8th'
Flauto dolce 4 ′
Pedal C – d 1
Sub-bass 16 ′
Principal bass 8th'

Peal

The tower houses a three-ring bell in the Te Deum motif. In 1697, Dilman Schmid cast a school bell for the two medieval bells in Asslar, which was cast in 1829 by the Otto brothers in Gießen and recast by Ph. Bach and Sons from Windecken in 1861. In 1917 this bell had to be delivered and was melted down. A new one was purchased to replace it in 1921, which was also removed during World War II and re-cast by the Rincker brothers in 1949.

No. Name
(position) 		Casting year Foundry, casting location Diameter
(mm) 		Chime inscription image
1 Marienbell 1513 Master Hans von Winterberg, Frankfurt 1010 a 1 " AVE MARIA GRACIA PLENA DNS TECUM MASTER HANS ZU FRANCKFORT GOS ME XV c XIII " [relief with crucifixion group] Evangelical Church Villingen (Hungen) Bells 03.JPG
2 Margareta 1505 unmarked 810 c 2 " I am margareta because not neither dun nor wederstant anno dm xv c v iar " Evangelical Church Villingen (Hungen) bells 06.JPG
3 Peace bell 1949 Gebr. Rincker , Sinn 740 d 2 " Graciously grant us peace / Lord God in our times / Villingen in the Lord's year 1949 " Evangelical Church Villingen (Hungen) bells 08.JPG

literature

  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of German art monuments , Hessen I: Administrative districts of Giessen and Kassel. Edited by Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf and others. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03092-3 , p. 895.
  • Wilhelm Diehl : Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the sovereign lands and the acquired areas of Darmstadt. (= Hassia sacra; 8 ). Self-published, Darmstadt 1935, p. 171.
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.); Karlheinz Lang (Red.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. District of Giessen I. Hungen, Laubach, Lich, Reiskirchen. (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ). Theiss, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8062-2177-0 , p. 206 f.
  • Heinz P. Probst: The church of Villingen. Local history working group within the Evangelical Churches Villingen-Nonnenroth, Villingen-Nonnenroth 2005 ( online ) (PDF file; 2.54 MB).
  • Heinrich Walbe : The art monuments of the Gießen district. Vol. 3. Southern part . Hessisches Denkmalarchiv, Darmstadt 1933, pp. 407–410.
  • Peter Weyrauch : The churches of the old district of Giessen. Mittelhessische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Gießen 1979, p. 182 f.

Web links

Commons : Evangelical Church Villingen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Hesse: Cultural monuments in Hesse. 2008, p. 207.
  2. ^ A b Probst: The church of Villingen. 2005, p. 5.
  3. ^ Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hessian-Nassau area. (= Writings of the institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16 ). NG Elwert, Marburg 1937, ND 1984, p. 24.
  4. ^ Probst: The church of Villingen. 2005, p. 36.
  5. ↑ a b c Weyrauch: The churches of the old district of Gießen. 1979, p. 182f.
  6. ^ Villingen. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on November 24, 2013 .
  7. ^ Probst: The church of Villingen. 2005, pp. 42-43.
  8. ↑ Local history working group: Villinger Hefte 16 , pp. 61–62, accessed on October 3, 2016 (PDF file; 2.54 MB).
  9. ^ Probst: The church of Villingen. 2005, p. 49.
  10. ^ Probst: The church of Villingen. 2005, p. 16.
  11. ^ Probst: The church of Villingen. 2005, p. 9.
  12. ^ A b Probst: The church of Villingen. 2005, p. 12.
  13. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 407.
  14. ^ Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1935, p. 171.
  15. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Hesse: Cultural monuments in Hesse. 2008, p. 206 f.
  16. ^ Probst: The church of Villingen. 2005, p. 23.
  17. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 409.
  18. ^ Franz Bösken , Hermann Fischer : Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 3: Former province of Upper Hesse (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history 29.2 . Part 2 (M – Z)). Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1331-5 , p. 946 f .
  19. ↑ Robert Schäfer: Hessian bell inscriptions (PDF file; 37.7 MB), in: Archives for Hessian history and antiquity. 15, 1884, pp. 475-544, here: p. 533.
  20. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 410.

Coordinates: 50 ° 30 ′ 13.5 ″  N , 8 ° 56 ′ 16.7 ″  E