Eyach (Enz)

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Eyach
Eyach above the Eyachmühle

Eyach above the Eyachmühle

Data
Water code DE : 23842
location Black Forest

Baden-Württemberg

River system Rhine
Drain over Enz  → Neckar  → Rhine  → North Sea
origin Confluence of the Brotenaubach and Dürreych on the Große Wiese in the "Eyach- und Rotenbachtal" nature reserve
48 ° 45 ′ 25 ″  N , 8 ° 29 ′ 3 ″  E
Source height approx.  567.8  m above sea level NHN
muzzle at Neuenbürg -Eyachbrücke from the left and southwest into the Enz coordinates: 48 ° 48 '59 "  N , 8 ° 34' 43"  E 48 ° 48 '59 "  N , 8 ° 34' 43"  E
Mouth height 359.9  m above sea level NHN
Height difference approx. 207.9 m
Bottom slope approx. 18 ‰
length 11.3 km 
from the confluence of the Brotenaubach / Dürreychbach rivers
18.5 km
with Brotenaubach
Catchment area 52.612 km²

The Eyach is an 18.5 kilometer long river in the northern Black Forest in Baden-Württemberg , including its longer upper course , which flows into the Enz from the left at Neuenbürg-Eyachbrücke shortly after the municipal boundary between Höfen and Neuenbürg . It is created by the confluence of the right and longer Brotenaubach and the left Dürreychbach .

Names

The name Yach is mentioned for the first time in the monastery deed of Herrenalb in 1148. Name researchers suspect that the name is composed of the Old High German words Ib and Iw for the tree yew and aha = ah for water , i.e. yew water . In the local dialect, the A sound is dropped and the name is pronounced in monosyllables like oak . The name is probably related to the Yachtal near Elzach in the Middle Black Forest.

The defining word of the Brotenaubach is the Swabian word form for Breitenau . The name of the Dürreychbach, also called the Dürreych , came about through contraction from Dürre Eyach .

geography

Sources and history

The most famous part of the headwaters of the 7.1 kilometer long Brotenau stream is the Wildseemoor northeast of Gernsbach - Kaltenbronn , a raised bog that emerged after the last ice age . The upper course branch Seegraben begins here in the middle of the moor at the Wildsee itself ( 909  m above sea level ) and, after an initially short west run, soon joins another stream and finally with the source branch called Brotenaubach from the west, which is at a slightly higher altitude on the watershed to the Reichenbach arises, where the Dürreychbach, which is only 5.4 kilometers long, rises further to the north-west, southeast of the Langmartskopf (from Langmahd , approx. 942  m above sea level ).

Both source streams run with fluctuations more or less northeast and unite at the Großer Wiese in the nature reserve Eyach- and Rotenbachtal at 567.8  m above sea level. NHN to Eyach , which then continues in the same direction for 11.3 kilometers. It flows, previously a long district boundary between the district of Calw on the right and the Enzkreis on the left, at Neuenbürg-Eyachbrücke between the valley towns of Höfen (district of Calw) and Neuenbürg (Enzkreis) at 359.9  m above sea level. NHN from the left into the Enz . From the confluence it has a gradient of around 210 meters in altitude, and from the Wildsee it is around 550 meters in altitude.

Catchment area

The 52.6 km² catchment area is naturally part of the Grindenschwarzwald and Enzhöhen sub-areas of the Black Forest . It extends about 15.5 km from the southwest to the mouth in the northeast, across it it is a maximum of 4.5 km wide. The catchment area of ​​the Alb borders on the long northwestern watershed , on the long southeastern one that of the Enz and in particular its main upper reaches, the Große Enz , which mostly competes over relatively short left tributaries. The uppermost catchment area is connected to the Reichenbach in the west, which flows into the Murg in the northern Black Forest near Hilpertsau . The highest elevation is 947.4  m above sea level. NHN high Lerchenstein at the scabbard to the Alb.

The districts of the cities and communities of Gernsbach , Bad Wildbad , Dobel , Höfen and Neuenbürg have a share in the catchment area . The forest houses Brotenau (was demolished in 2011) on the upper middle Brotenaubach and Dürreych on the lower Dürreychbach on the Reichentaler submarket of Gernsbach are located on the source streams , in the middle section of the Eyach valley the Lehensägmühle and Eyachmühle residential areas , which belong to the municipality of Dobel, are located shortly after one another . In earlier times, especially during the great Dutch timber trade, there were numerous sawmills in the valley and two farms, the Lehmannshof shortly after the confluence and the Tröstbachhof on the lower Eyach.

Tributaries

From the confluence to the mouth, choice.

  • Brotenaubach , right upper reaches from the southwest
  • Dürreych (bach), left upper course from southwest
  • Röhrbach , from left and west, 1.8 km
  • Mannenbächle , from the left and west-northwest at the Eyachmühle, 3.2 km and 5.5 km²
  • (Brook from the Müßlesgrund ), from the left and northwest, approx. 1.8 km
  • Tröstbach , from the left and west-southwest, 1.2 km

Valley nature and geology

The valleys of the source streams are shaped by the last ice age; small glaciers (hanging glaciers) have carved several cirques into the red sandstone on the north to east facing mountain slopes . The valley runs mainly in the Middle and Lower Buntsandstein, only in the upper valley course the Rotgende and the basement ( granite ) were exposed over a short distance . It is Forbach granite, a gray to pink colored two-mica granite with a grainy structure.

use

Logs were rafted on the Eyach for over 500 years; the timber rafting was stopped after the construction of the Eyachtalstrasse in 1889.

In the 1980s, the state government of Baden-Württemberg considered using the valley as a cooling water reservoir for the Neckarwestheim nuclear power plant . Since the beginning of the 20th century there have been plans to build a drinking water storage tank (for Stuttgart and the Pforzheim region). A civil protection community was able to prevent the dam and in 2002 achieved that the area was placed under protection. Numerous animal and plant species, some of which are threatened, are at home in the Eyach Valley.

Until well into the 20th century, the valley meadows were used for hay extraction ; the irrigation ditches that are still visible today were used for this purpose. Since the decline in agriculture after the Second World War, the forest has been taking back the land; the meadows can only be kept open with great care.

In the lower course, a high- voltage line from system 615, suspended from two 70-meter-high guy poles , has spanned the Eyach valley since 1992 . The distance between the masts on the Heuberg and Eiberg is 1,444 meters. This overhead line has the largest span between two masts in Germany.

Not far from the Eyachmühle there is a fish rearing facility on the Eyach (mostly trout) with an attached restaurant.

Individual evidence

LUBW

Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Course and catchment area of ​​the Eyach
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )

  1. ↑ a b c Height according to gray lettering on the background layer topographic map .
  2. ↑ a b c d e Length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) .
  3. ↑ Catchment area summed up from the sub-catchment areas according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .
  4. ↑ Height according to the contour line image on the topographic map background layer .
  5. ↑ Catchment area according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .
  6. ↑ Length measured on the background layer topographic map .

Other evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Huttenlocher , Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 170 Stuttgart. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1949, revised 1967. →  Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB)

literature

  • Topographic map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg, as single sheet No. 7117 Birkenfeld, No. 7216 Gernsbach and No. 7217 Wildbad in the Black Forest
  • Max Scheifele : When the forests went on a journey. Rafting in the Enz-Nagold area . G. Braun Verlag, Karlsruhe 1996, ISBN 3-7650-8164-7 .

Web links