List of ancestors and family members of Muhammad
The following sections provide an overview of the ancestors and family members of the Islamic founder of the religion, Mohammed . The term Ahl al-bait is also used for a closer circle of Muhammad's family . Which group of people is meant by this term, however, varies depending on tradition and denomination.
Ancestors
There are different traditions ( hadith ) of Mohammad about his ancestors. Islamic scholars have tried to construct a pedigree from Mohammed to the legendary human progenitor Adam. However, only the very last links of this table can be historically and genealogically proven.
- Mohammed
- Son of ʿAbdallāh
- Son of ʿAbd al-Muttalib
- Son of Hashim (ancestor of the Hashimites )
- Son of ʿAbd Manāf ibn Qusaiy
- Son of Qusaiy ibn Kilāb
From here the historically undetectable part of the pedigree begins:
- Son of Kilab
- Son of Murra
- Son of Ka'b
- Son of Lu'ayy
- Son of Ghalib
- Son of Fihr (progenitor of the Quraish )
- Son of Malik
- Son of Nadr
- Son of Kinana
- Son of Chuzaima
- Son of Mudrika
- Son of Ilyas
- Son of Mudar
- Son of Nizar
- Son of Ma'add
- Son of Adnan
- Son of Udad
- Son of Muqawwam
- Son of Nahur
- Son of Tairah
- Son of Ya'rub
- Son of Yashdschub
- Son of Nabit (biblical: Nebajot)
- Son of Isma'il (biblical: Ismael; ancestor of the Arabs )
- Son of Ibrahim (biblical: Abraham; ancestor of the Jews and Arabs)
- Son of Tarih (Biblical: Terach)
- Son of Nahur (biblical: Nahor)
- Son of Sarugh (Biblical: Serug)
- Son of Ra'u (biblical: Regu)
- Son of Fahlik (biblical: Peleg)
- Son of Aibar (biblical: boar)
- Son of Kasir (not biblically mentioned)
- Son of Schalich (biblical: Schelach)
- Son of Arfachschadh (biblical: Arpachschad)
- Son of Sam (Biblical Sem; ancestor of the Semites )
- Son of Nuh (biblical: Noahh; survivor of the Flood )
- Son of Lamk (Biblical: Lamech)
- Son of Matuschalach (biblical: Metuschelach)
- Son of Achnuch (biblical: Enoch)
- Son of Yard (Biblical: Jered)
- Son of Mahlil (biblical: Mahalalel)
- Son of Qainan (Biblical: Kenan)
- Son of Yanisch (biblical: Enosh)
- Son of Shith (biblical: set)
- Son of Adam (progenitor of mankind)
Wives
The exact number of Muhammad's wives is not recorded, but it exceeded the number of four simultaneous wives allowed in the Quran for the other believers. Chuwailid , about 15 years his senior, was his first wife and his only one for 25 years. However, in his later years he was married to a large number of women at the same time. He also had female slaves as concubines , for example Maria al-Qibtiyya , a Christian . With Khadijah, Mohammed had several children, and Maria had a son who, however, died in childhood. His only surviving grandchildren who reached adulthood were his daughter Fatima's two sons , Hasan and Hussein .
| No. | Surname | Other writing have |
Life data |
marriage | origin | comment | children |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Khadijah | Hadidja bint Chuwailid | * around 555, † 619 | at 595 | a wealthy Meccan merchant, widowed. Daughter of Chuwaylid | She made Mohammed a partner in her trade. She was the first and only wife of Mohammed until her death in 619 and supported him in his faith. | Khadijah had at least four children with Mohammed. In the hadith , the four daughters Fatima , Ruqaiya , Umm Kulthum and Zainab are mentioned. Two sons, al-Qasim and Abdullah, are said to have died in childhood. |
| 2. | Sauda bint Zama | Sawada bint Zam'a | became the second wife of Mohammed after the death of Khadijah. Sauda converted to Islam early and is described as particularly kind and warm-hearted. | The marriage remained childless. | |||
| 3. | Aisha | Aisha Siddiqa bint Abu Bakr | born around 614; † 678 | around 620 | Daughter of Abu Bakr | She is considered his favorite wife by the Sunnis . | The marriage remained childless. |
| 4th | Hafsa | Hafsa bint Umar | after the battle of Uhud (625) | the daughter of Umar Ibn al-Chattab , widowed | The marriage remained childless. | ||
| Zainab bint Chuzaima | Zainab bint Chuzaima | (626) | The marriage remained childless. | ||||
| 5. | Zainab bint gahs | Zainab bint jahsh | at 626 | Zainab was one of the first to emigrate to Medina and was Muhammad's cousin. Zainab was the wife of his adoptive son Zaid, who was divorced from her after Mohammed was authorized by Allah to do so. | According to the Sunnis, she is said to have been Mohammed's favorite wife alongside Aisha. In numerous hadiths, Zainab is described as very benevolent and generous. | The marriage remained childless. | |
| 6th | Umm Salama | Umm Salama Hind bint Abi Umayya | 626 | Widow of Abu Salama , a close friend of Mohammed. | When he died in 626, Mohammed married her. | The marriage remained childless. | |
| 7th | Juwairiya | Juvairiya bint al-Harith | at 627 | Belonged to the Banū l-Mustaliq, a subgroup of the Chuzāʿa tribe . | The marriage remained childless. | ||
| 8th. | Safiya Bint Huyai | Safiyya bint Huyayy | 628 | Jewish; was captured during the conquest of Haibar in 628. | A little later Mohammed gave her freedom and married her. | The marriage remained childless. | |
| 9. | Ramla | Ramla bint Abi Sufyan | at 623 | The marriage remained childless. | |||
| 10. | Maimuna | Maymuna bint al-Harith | at 629 | The marriage was not contracted in Mecca but, for legal reasons, in a place called Sarif. | The marriage remained childless. |
According to the Koran , Mohammed was expressly allowed to have more than the four marriages at the same time as the maximum allowed for the other believers in Islam. He had at least nine (according to other sources 12 or 14) wives, as well as slaves and concubines. In Sura 33:50 it says:
"Prophet! We have allowed you to marry: your (previous) wives to whom you have given their wages; what you have (in slaves) (a possession) assigned to you by Allah (as booty); the daughters of your father brother and the daughters of your father sisters and the daughters of your mother brother and the daughters of your mother sisters who emigrated with you; (further) a (every) believing woman if she gives herself to the prophet and he (in turn) wants to marry her. The (latter) applies in particular to you in contrast to the (other) believers. We know well what we have made obligatory for them with regard to their wives and their property (slaves). (The above regulation is a special regulation for you) so that you don't need to feel depressed (if you make use of additional rights). And Allah is Merciful and ready to forgive. "
Except for Aisha, all of Muhammad's wives were widows or divorced. Aisha may have married Mohammed when she was 6 years old, with the marriage consummated when she was nine years old. After the Sunnis, she was considered to be Mohammed's favorite wife after Khadija, with Zainab in second place. The marriage with Aisha and with the already married Zainab fall outside the framework of the usual marriages of Muhammad. The wives of Mohammed are called by the majority of Muslims - with the exception of the Christian slave Maria al-Qibtiyya - the "mothers of believers".
Concubines and slaves
-
Maria al-Qibtiyya , Christian slave whom he received as a gift from the Byzantine governor of Egypt (629).
- Ibrahim, son of the Prophet; he died in infancy (according to Brockelmann: January 27, 632).
- Dschuwayriya bint al-Harith
- Raihana bint Zaid ibn Amr . He took Raihana as his concubine after the men of the Banu Quraiza had been exterminated by his troops . According to various sources, she later became his wife.
- Safiyya bint Huyayy , first concubine, then wife.
children
| Surname | Alternate name | gender | Life dates | mother | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatima | Fatima bint Mohammad ibn 'Abdallah ibn' Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim | daughter | Born around 600, Fatima only survived her father by a few months. | Khadijah | married Ali ibn Abi Talib , and had 5 children with him: Hasan , Husain , Muhsin, Umm Kulthum and Zainab. |
| Zaid | Adopted son | Khadijah | first married to Zainab | ||
| Ruqaiya | Ruqayya bint Muhammad | daughter | Khadijah | with Uthman ibn Affan married | |
| Umm Kulthum | Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad | daughter | Khadijah | with Uthman ibn Affan married | |
| Zainab | Zaynab bint Muhammad | daughter | Khadijah | Zainab's daughter Umamah, Muhammad's granddaughter, married Ali ibn Abi Talib after Fatima's death | |
| Qasim | al-Qasim, at-Tayyib | son | died as a child | Khadijah | |
| Abdullah | at-Tahir | son | died as a child | Khadijah | |
| Ibrahim | son | died as a child at around 2 years of age | Maria the Coptess |
See also
literature
- Ibn Saad: Biographies of Muhammad, his companions and the later bearers of Islam up to the year 230 of the flight . Volume VIII. Biographies of Women . Edited by Carl Brockelmann . Brill, Leiden 1904.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ibn Hisham, Rahmat-ul-lil'alameen, 2 / 14-17.
- ↑ Hans Jansen : Mohammed. A biography. (2005/2007); from the Dutch by Marlene Müller-Haas . Verlag CH Beck , Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-406-56858-9 , p. 368.