Ferdinand Lippich

Ferdinand Lippich

Ferdinand Franz Lippich (born October 4, 1838 in Padua , † October 18, 1913 in Prague ) was an Austrian physicist.

Life

Ferdinand Lippich was the son of Franz Wilhelm Lippich (1799–1845), a medical professor from Vienna who worked in Padua . His ancestors on his father's side were originally patricians from Venice and Cattaro , but had to flee due to political persecution. Lippich lost his father at an early age and grew up with an uncle in Prague. He studied from 1855 at the Polytechnic in Prague, graduating in 1859, and was then assistant for theoretical physics at the German University of Prague , where he completed his habilitation and became a private lecturer from 1863. In 1865 he became a full professor for theoretical and applied mechanics as well as graphic statics at the TH Graz , in the academic year 1869/70 he was dean of the mechanical engineering school, in the academic year 1870/71 he was director of the Styrian landscape technical university . In 1874 he became a full professor of theoretical physics at Charles University in Prague . In 1910 he retired.

He dealt with acoustics , structural engineering ( elasticity theory ) and optics . He is known for his work in the field of polarization optics ( polarimetry ), in particular the construction of a penumbra polarimeter , which had an accuracy that was previously unattainable with regard to the rotation of the plane of polarization. He developed a saccharimeter . The Lippich prism is named after him (see Glan-Taylor prism ). He also proposed the construction of a new spectral apparatus. His publications on theoretical optics deal, among other things, with the refraction of a glass ball with application to the theory of the rainbow . He also dealt with the width of spectral lines in gases ( Doppler broadening ). He was the first to observe the broadening of the spectral lines in any gas heated to glow. His precise experiments to prove the independence of the wavelength of light from its intensity were known (around 1875). In acoustics, he investigated the phonautograph and sound generation in string instruments (violin). In 1865 he constructed a fall apparatus.

In 1881 he became a corresponding and in 1893 a full member of the Vienna Academy of Sciences . In 1883 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from Charles University in Prague. He was a founding member of the Society for the Promotion of German Science, Art and Literature in Bohemia.

Fonts

• About the transversal vibrations of loaded bars, session reports Vienna Academy (Math. Naturwiss. Klasse), Volume 45, 1862
• On the nature of the aether vibrations in unpolarized and partially polarized light, session reports Vienna Academy, Volume 48, 1863
• About a new fall apparatus, Leipzig: Teubner 1866
• Fundamental points of a system of centered refracting spherical surfaces, communications of the natural science association for Styria, volume 2, 1870/71
• About the width of the spectral lines, Poggendorffs Annalen, Volume 139, 1870, p. 465
• Theory of the continuous beam of constant cross section, Allgemeine Bauzeitung, Volume 36, 1871
• On the alleged dependence of the light wavelength on the intensity, reports from the Vienna Academy meeting, volume 72, 1876
• About the refraction and reflection of infinitely thin radiation systems on spherical surfaces, Wiener Denkschriften Volume 38, 1878, pp. 163–192
• About the path of the rays of light in a homogeneous sphere, session reports Vienna Academy, Volume 79, 1879, pp. 516–536
• Investigations on the Spectra of gaseous bodies, Annalen der Physik, Volume 248, 1881, pp. 380-398
• About the light intensity of the spectral apparatus, Central newspaper for optics and mechanics, 2, 1881, pp. 49–50, 61–62
• Proposal for the construction of a new spectral apparatus, Zeitschrift für Instrumentenkunde, Berlin, Volume 4, 1884, pp. 1-8
• About polaristrobometric methods, in particular about penumbra, session reports Vienna Academy, Volume 91, 1885
• Three-part penumbra polarizer, meeting reports Vienna Academy, Volume 105, 1896
• About the mode of action of the violin bow, Mittheilungen der Deutschen Mathematischen Gesellschaft in Prague, Volume 1, 1892, pp. 118-138
• Theory of the movement of bowed strings, reports from the Vienna Academy, Volume 123, 1914

literature

• Obituary by Anton Lampa, Lotos, volume 62, p. 13 pdf
• Seidl:  Lippich Ferdinand. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 5, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1972, p. 236 f. (Direct links on p. 236 , p. 237 ).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Loris Premuda: The medical relations between Vienna and Padua during the 19th century. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 13, 1995, pp. 341-350; here: p. 344.
2. ↑ Personalities at TU Graz: Ferdinand Lippich . Retrieved January 6, 2016.
3. ^ Arnold Berliner, Textbook of Physics in Elementary Representation, Springer 1934, p. 710