Chotyn

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Chotyn
Хотин
Coat of arms of Chotyn
Chotyn (Ukraine)
Chotyn
Chotyn
Basic data
Oblast : Chernivtsi Oblast
Rajon : Chotyn district
Height : 191 m
Area : 20.39 km²
Residents : 11,124 (2004)
Population density : 546 inhabitants per km²
Postcodes : 60000
Area code : +380 3731
Geographic location : 48 ° 30 '  N , 26 ° 29'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 30 '18 "  N , 26 ° 29' 27"  E
KOATUU : 7325010100
Administrative structure : 1 city
Mayor : Mykola Palamar
Address: вул. Незалежності 52
60000 м. Хотин
Statistical information
Chotyn (Chernivtsi Oblast)
Chotyn
Chotyn
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Chotyn ( Ukrainian and Russian Хотин , Romanian Hotin ; Polish Chocim ) is a district town in the Ukrainian Chernivtsi Oblast . It is located on the right bank of the Dniester , 69 km northeast of Chernivtsi in the historical landscape of northern Bessarabia .

history

Because of its strategic location, Chotyn played an important role in the history of Ukraine, Moldova, Poland, the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire and Romania.

In ancient times , the area was inhabited by Dakern and Geten . The empires of Burebista and Decebalus also included this area. Archaeological excavations prove the settlement by Slavs as early as the 8th century. In the 10th century, Chotyn belonged to the Kievan Rus , after its disintegration to the dual principality of Galicia-Volhynia and since 1373 to the principality of Moldova . In the 16th century, the city briefly came under Polish , then again under Moldovan rule. In 1621 there was the battle of Chocim between the Ottomans on the one hand and the Poles and the Zaporozhian Cossacks allied with them on the other. In 1673 there was another conflict between the Ottomans and Poles with the Battle of Chotyn , which annulled the peace of Buczacz . In 1711 the area of ​​Chotyn was directly subordinated to the Ottoman Empire , Grand Vizier Mustafa Bairaktar was born there.

During the Russo-Turkish wars in the 18th century, Chotyn changed hands several times, so it was conquered by the Russian army in 1769 , by the imperial army on September 20, 1788 and again by the Russians in 1806. With the Peace of Bucharest in 1812, Chotyn fell to the Russian Empire ( Bessarabia Governorate ), to which it belonged until 1918. After a brief Austrian occupation (March 8th to November 10th 1918) in the last days of the First World War , the city came to Romania as part of Bessarabia . In contrast, the population rose in vain in the uprising of Chotyn in January 1919. On June 28, 1940, Chotyn was occupied by the Soviets , after the outbreak of the Russian campaign it was again Romanian (1941 to May 4, 1944). After the end of the Second World War the city came under the Ukrainian SSR and since the collapse of the Soviet Union it has been part of the independent Ukraine.

population

Population groups in and around Chotyn in 1844. The region retained roughly the same ethnic character until the beginning of the Second World War.

Chotyn was an important Jewish center with around 19,000 Jewish residents (out of a population of 35,000), 36 synagogues and famous Jewish schools. Up until the 20th century there were hardly any Ukrainians in the city, but there were many Russian-speaking residents. The 1930 census showed the following ratios: 15% Ukrainians, 37% Russians, 38% Jews and 9% Romanians.

As a result of the Second World War with the murder and deportation of large parts of the Jewish population by German National Socialists and the Romanian military dictatorship under Ion Antonescu , the number of inhabitants changed radically. Today 72% of the population describe themselves as Ukrainians, 16% as Russians, 8% as Jews and 4% as Romanians.

geography

The dammed Dniester at Chotyn

Chotyn is located in the east of the Chernivtsi Oblast not far from the Moldovan border on the southern bank of the dammed Dniester . The trunk road N 03 crosses the river here on the way from Chernivtsi to Kamyanets-Podilskyj . The nearest road bridges are located downstream in Novodnistrovsk, 90 kilometers away, and upstream in Salishchyky (85 km). The section of the river between Salishchyky and Chotyn is protected as the Dniester Canyon as a national natural monument.

population

The population has been declining since the beginning of the 20th century:

  • 1897: 23,800 inhabitants
  • 1930: 15,300 inhabitants
  • 1970: 11,900 inhabitants
  • 2001: 11,216 inhabitants
Battle of Chotyn between Poles and Turks in the 17th century
Fortress and Dniester from the south
The 40 meter high fortress walls

Chotyn fortress

The Slavs built a to protect the Dniester transition castle , first as timber and since the 13th century stone. The current fortifications were built by the Moldovan prince Ștefan cel Mare in the 15th century. It remained important until the 20th century and was the scene of several important battles. (see Chotyn # story ) The Cossacks under Tymofij Khmelnyzkyj were able to take the fortress twice in 1650 and 1652/53. The fortress was the object of Russian conquests several times: in 1769 by Alexander Galitsyn , in 1788 by Ivan Saltykow and in 1807 by Ivan Michelson .

The fortress was popular as a location for movies in Soviet times; over 50 films have been made here.

More Attractions

Chotyn has about 20 historical monuments. Among them is the war cemetery, in which 4,910 fallen Russian soldiers of the First World War and the 47 victims of the Chotyn uprising of 1919 are buried.

The Chotyn Jewish Cemetery was added to the list of American cultural heritage sites abroad based on a bilateral agreement between the USA and Ukraine.

literature

Web links

Commons : Chotyn  - collection of images, videos and audio files