Fiszewo (Gronowo Elbląskie)

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Fiszewo
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Fiszewo (Poland)
Fiszewo
Fiszewo
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Elbląg
Gmina : Gronowo Elbląskie
Geographic location : 54 ° 4 '  N , 19 ° 14'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 4 '10 "  N , 19 ° 14' 26"  E
Residents : 270
Postal code : 82-355
License plate : NEB



Fiszewo ( German  Fischau ) is a village in the rural community Gronowo Elbląskie ( Grunau ) in the powiat Elbląski (Elbing district) of the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .

Geographical location

The village is located in historic West Prussia , about halfway between Marienburg ( Malbork ) and Elbing ( Elbląg ), about 50 kilometers southeast of Gdansk . The place has about 270 inhabitants.

history

In the 13th century there was a castle of the Teutonic Order in Fischau , which was besieged by the Pruzzen and which still existed from 1274-1275. Fischau was the seat of bailiffs who were subordinate to the Commander in Elbing ; as bailiffs are mentioned: Heinrich von Kittlitz (1320–1321), Konrad (1321), Klaus (1365), Hermann (1376), Johann von Masemonster (1379–1387) and Heinrich Kolhusen (1392).

In 1606 the Protestants in Fischau were banned from singing at funerals. Around 1785 Fischau was a Cologne village with a Catholic and a Protestant parish church and 31 fireplaces (households). The Kykoit estate was near the village.

The village, which went down in the history books due to the Polish riot of 1832 (see below), belonged to the Marienburg district in West Prussia since 1818 (until 1920 in the Gdansk district of the West Prussia province , from 1920 to 1939 in the West Prussia district of the East Prussia province and from 1939 until 1945 in the district of Marienwerder in the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia ).

Towards the end of the Second World War , the region was occupied by the Red Army in the spring of 1945 . After the end of the war, Fischau was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, along with all of West Prussia and the southern half of East Prussia . Had not fled as far as the local villagers, they were in the aftermath of Fischau sold .

  • Ruin of a building from the Teutonic Order

  • Ruins of a Fischau parish church

  • Memorial stone in the old churchyard

Population development until 1945

year Residents Remarks
1798 361 including 163 Evangelicals and 198 Catholics
1816 387
1852 414
1864 448 on December 3rd
1871 480 including 280 Evangelicals
1933 486
1939 471

traffic

The village is on the Malbork – Braniewo railway line (Marienburg – Braunsberg) .

Polish riot of 1832

On January 27, 1832, on the occasion of a revolt by Polish asylum seekers, a massacre occurred in Fischau, in which nine or ten former Polish soldiers were killed and about twelve others were seriously injured. It was a group of approx. 800 participants in the Polish November uprising of 1830 who, after the failure of the uprising in 1831 , had to flee from the Russian-ruled Congress Poland and were accepted into Prussia. After "endless struggles with their local hosts" they wanted to instruct them "new cantons", which led to a conflict with the Prussian guards. Those whom the Tsar promised an amnesty returned across the border. About 700 Poles started a voyage to America by ship, but were brought ashore in Le Havre because of mutiny . No disciplinary sanctions appear to have been imposed on the Prussian guards.

The Polish national poet Adam Mickiewicz deals with this incident in his poem or prayer Litania pielgrzymska : “Deliver us, Lord, beaten to death by the blood of soldiers in Fischau from the Prussians!” (Translation by Treitschke)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Simon Gruber's Prussische Chronik ( Max Perlbach , ed.). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 237.
  2. ↑ Karl Emil Gebauer : Date of the construction of various castles of the Teutonic Order in Prussia . In: Neue Preußische Provinzial-Blätter , Volume 10, Königsberg 1850, pp. 470–472.
  3. ^ A b c Johannes Voigt : Name Codex of the German Order Officials . Königsberg 1834, p. 65.
  4. ^ A b c Max Toeppen : Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen. Gotha 1858, p. 189.
  5. ^ Hermann Eckerdt: History of the Marienburg district . Bretschneider, Marienburg 1868, p. 99.
  6. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia. Second part, which contains the topography of West Prussia . Marienwerder 1789, Complete Topography of the West Prussian Cammer Department , p. 53.
  7. ^ A b c Gustav Neumann: Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 40-42, item 3.
  8. ^ Yearbooks of the Prussian monarchy under the government of Friedrich Wilhelm the Third . Volume 4, Unger, Berlin 1799, p. 408.
  9. ↑ Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 1: A-F. Halle 1821, p. 371, item 51.
  10. ^ Kraatz: Topographical-statistical manual of the Prussian state . Berlin 1856, p. 156.
  11. ^ Prussian Ministry of Finance: Results of the property and trade tax assessment in the administrative district of Danzig . Danzig 1867. See: 6th district Marienburg , p. 2, point 30.
  12. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Marienburg district in West Prussia (Malbork in Polish). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  13. ↑ a b Past and Present (MA Barth, ed.), Issue 18, 1832, p. 72
  14. ^ Heinrich von Treitschke : German History in the Nineteenth Century , Volume 4, Subchapter: The Polish Refugees in Prussia , pp. 207–210 Internet archives , Google Books: Staatgeschichte
  15. ^ Eduard Burckard : History of the recent times . Volume 4, Leipzig 1850, p. 544.
  16. ↑ Litania pielgrzymska in the Polish language Wikisource . mickiewicz.kulturalna.com