Auer Mühlbach
| Auer Mühlbach | ||
 Auer Mühlbach, located in Munich |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 163312 | |
| location | Bavaria , Germany | |
| River system | Danube | |
| Drain over | Isar → Danube → Black Sea | |
| origin | Tee off from the Isar-Werkkanal at Marienklause in the south of Munich 48 ° 5 '31 " N , 11 ° 32' 55" E |
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| Source height | approx. 524 m above sea level NN | |
| muzzle | In Munich in the Isar coordinates: 48 ° 8 ′ 9 ″ N , 11 ° 35 ′ 31 ″ E 48 ° 8 ′ 9 ″ N , 11 ° 35 ′ 31 ″ E |
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| Mouth height | approx. 509 m above sea level NN | |
| Height difference | approx. 15 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 2.1 ‰ | |
| length | 7 km | |
The Auer Mühlbach is an approximately seven kilometer long Munich city stream , fed by Isar water and now largely canalized , in the south of the city of Munich . It runs east of the main arm of the Isar along the slope edge of the steep bank and is classified as a third-order body of water with a constant inflow and outflow of 10 cubic meters per second.
history
Long before Munich was “officially” founded, the hydropower of the Isar was used to operate mills . Since the Isar was a wild mountain river until the increasing regulation from the 19th century, which often changed its course and showed strong fluctuations in level, the mill wheels were not only built in the Munich area not on the unpredictable main arm, but on an adjustable, artificially derived branch as constant as possible water flow, the Mühlbach . The first written mention of the brook and a mill at Kiesingenum (today Untergiesing ) can be found in a document from the year 957.
In the first half of the 14th century, a first large Isar weir was built in the south of Munich at the Marienklause on the eastern bank of the Isar , forcing the river westward to meet the up-and-coming city's water needs. Even then, a lock installed in the weir regulated the inflow to the Auer Mühlbach.
In addition to the driving force for grain , hammer and fulling mills , sawmills and grinding shops, the Mühlbach and the other city streams also supplied service water for the house and garden, for dye works and tanneries and for extinguishing the dangerous fires that used to be common. At the same time, the streams were used to dispose of faeces and all kinds of waste.
Original course
Until the end of the 19th century, the Isar in today's urban area of Munich as a mountain river had a relatively wide bed with many gravel islands and side arms that varied over and over again. The Auer Mühlbach is such an old part of the Isar that has been regulated and canalized more and more over the centuries. Since the first large weir was built at the height of today's Marienklause in 1330 to force the water of the Isar to the west for the needs of the growing city, the brook at the Auer Senkbaum branched off from today's central area through a lock from the east bank of the Isar .
Exposure
Like other Munich city streams, the Auer Mühlbach was piped and partially covered with concrete ceilings. It was only in the course of the environmental movement of the past decades that attempts were made to reverse this, successfully in the case of the Auer Mühlbach. The water can be experienced again after the year 2000 after removing the concrete ceilings. This is only interrupted at the Mariahilfplatz, where the Academy for Social Pedagogy of the Poor School Sisters of Our Lady is located.
course
Derived from the Isar works canal
In order to meet the city's increasing demand for electricity, the Isar-Werkkanal was built between 1905 and 1907 to the west parallel to the Isar , through which the Isar's potential could be used for larger hydropower plants. Since establishment of the Isar unit 1 (Südwerk) in 1906, the Auer mill in the vicinity of the Floßlände at flow kilometers 153,30 ( 48 ° 5 '31 " N , 11 ° 32' 55" O ) at the weir of the extension Marienklausenstegs , diverted from this canal, flows in a roughly 160 meter long culvert (tunnel), the course of which can be seen on the edge of the barrage downstream of the Marienklausenbrücke, in a north-easterly direction under the Isar and occurs below the Marienklause just before the south end of the Hellabrunn Zoo on the eastern side of the river in the former floodplains back to daylight.
In addition, there is a lock from the Isar itself just above the culvert end, but this is dry most of the time and is only used when the Isar floods to relieve the river over the Auer Mühlbach.
These elaborate construction measures, with the hydraulic engineering knowledge of the time, were supposed to guarantee a constant flow of water for the mills and hydropower plants on the Mühlbach, even when the Isar is low.
Further course
In the zoo, which can largely independently cover its water needs via a large number of groundwater and hillside springs , the designed Auer Mühlbach offers a home in many networked biotopes for a large number of animal and plant species.
After leaving the zoo, the stream flows through Siebenbrunn between the lower edge of the slope and allotment gardens further north, passing the Kraemer'sche Kunstmühle and the Bäckermühle power station . It is being laid underground for the first time in Untergiesing.
The further path of the Auer Mühlbach leads (partly overbuilt) through the districts of Untergiesing and Au .
Originally the Mühlbach flowed back into the Isar opposite the Praterinsel . Since an extension in 1893, however, it has been channeled parallel to the Isar, runs a section underground under the Maximilianswerk and flows halfway between Maximiliansbrücke and Luitpoldbrücke at river kilometer 146.60 (location: 48 ° 8 ′ 21 ″ N , 11 ° 35 ′ 39 ″ E ) just downstream of the Maximilianswerk and the northern tip of the Praterinsel back into the Isar.
Tributaries
The only longer tributary of the Auer Mühlbach is the Harlachinger Quellbach , also known as the Siebenbrunner Bächl. Its origin lies on the slope edge of the Harlachinger Berg in the Hellabrunn Zoo. While the Auer Mühlbach runs a bit away from the edge of the slope, the Harlachinger Quellbach remains close to the edge of the slope and is fed by some springs between the zoo and the Siebenbrunn inn. About 300 meters behind Siebenbrunn it flows into the Auer Mühlbach. On its further course, the Auer Mühlbach receives reinforcement from various hillside springs, e.g. B. on Quellenstrasse and below Gasteig .
Branches
The Aubach , also called Aubächl , is a branch of the Auer Mühlbach, which branches off from it in the zoo. It has a length of 1.4 km and carries a water volume of 0.4 m³ / s. While the Auer Mühlbach flows near the edge of the Isar high bank, the Aubächl remains close to the Isar and flows in many turns through the southern Isar floodplain. At the height of the Flaucher part of the water used to be drained into the Isar. From here on, the stream is called the Freibadbächl . It expands into a two-part duck pond , crosses under the railway line and arrives at the Bischweiler Tree Nursery , where it has been an essential element since its redesign in 2010. He is then led underground through the Schyrenbad , which he once supplied and which gave him his name. To the north of Schyrenplatz, it again flows openly through the spring complexes , then continues underground in an outlet channel and flows into the Kleine Isar just upstream from the Museum Island .
Shortly before the former Kraemer'schen Kunstmühle , the Kunstmühlnebenbach or Kunstmühlennebenbach , also known as the Umlaufgraben , branches off from the Auer Mühlbach and reunites with it after about 440 m behind the mill.
A little downhill from Mariahilfplatz , the Kegelhofbach branches off from the Auer Mühlbach, but flows back into it after 250 m.
Left branches
Several earlier branches of the Auer Mühlbach have now been closed. These include among others the ducks Bach , of the childhood of Karl Valentin past still flowed underground at his home and was abandoned in 1901, the Auer incorrect Bach , the Falkenbächl and for the operation of Muffatwerk as Brunnhaus created Muffatbrunnhauskanal.
use
Even today the Auer Mühlbach is used to generate energy. Until it was shut down in 2007, the Kraemer'sche Kunstmühle used water power to generate around a quarter of the electrical energy it needed. Today the energy is fed into the power grid. The Bäckermühle power plant, the Muffatwerk power plant and the Maximilianswerk also provide electrical energy.
Below the Nockherberg there is another weir with a Jonval turbine . The water turbine drives a chiller from 1880. Until 1971 the machine was used for room cooling in the Paulaner brewery . Today it only runs for demonstration purposes.
literature
- Building in Munich 1960 to 1970 , published by the building department of the city of Munich: Justification for the abandonment of the city brooks
- Helmut Lindner: Old villages to the right of the Isar before the gates of Munich. Giesing, Au, Haidhausen. With Munich for 125 years, 1854–1979 , Munich 1979, 207 pages, with illustrations. Monacensia Library No. 16.723
- Michael Dosch: Project to regulate the Isar and develop the districts of Au , Munich 1897. Monacensia 2 ° Mon. 59
- Josef Freudenberger: From the history of the Au (Munich). Die alte Au , Munich 1927, 256 pages, with illustrations. Monacensia 8 ° Mon. 3,339
- Josef Freudenberger: From the history of the Au. Mainly the history of the Au from the beginning of the 19th century up to its incorporation in Munich , Munich 1913, 220 pages, with illustrations. Monacensia 8 ° Mon. 25
- Peter Klimesch: Isar lust. Discoveries in Munich. MünchenVerlag, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-937090-47-4 (therein chapter about the Auer Mühlbach).
- Anselm Martin: Topography and statistics of the KB district court Au near Munich , Munich 1837. Monacensia 8 ° Mon. 316
- Martin Reinkowski: The Au around 1900. Suburbs between the Middle Ages and the Modern Age , Munich 1987, 96 pages, with illustrations (exhibition catalog). Monacensia Mon. 19.277
- Franz Schiermeier: Munich city streams . Travel guide to the lifelines of a city. Verlag Franz Schiermeier, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-9813190-9-5 .
- Hermann Wilhelm: In the Münchner Vorstadt Au , Munich 2003, 144 pages, with illustrations.
- Thomas Will (Technical University of Munich / Chair for Design and Preservation of Monuments): The Auer Mühlbach. Architectural design as an interpretation of the place. Study projects for a Munich Stadtbach , Munich 1984. 127 pages, with illustrations
- Christine Rädlinger : History of the Munich city streams . Published by the Munich City Archives , Franz Schiermeier Verlag Munich 2004, ISBN 978-3-9809147-2-7
- Peter Klimesch: Down in the green meadow. The Nockherstrasse through the ages. Norderstedt 2014. ISBN 978-3-7357-4929-1 .
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Topographic map 1: 25,000
- ↑ Thomas Kronewiter: Nuns prevent continuous footpaths on the Auer Mühlbach. Süddeutsche Zeitung, November 29, 2015
- ^ Corinna Erhard: Munich in 50 answers . MünchenVerlag, Munich 2011, p. 86: What happened to the Entenbach? ISBN 978-3-937090-57-3
- ↑ Time for something to turn. Süddeutsche Zeitung, accessed on May 7, 2018 .
- ^ Paulaner Munich, the oldest still preserved refrigeration system from Linde. Historical refrigeration and air conditioning technology e. V., accessed on May 20, 2018 .
