Friedrich Breckling
Friedrich Breckling (in Danish: Frederik Brekling , born February 5, 1629 in Handewitt near Flensburg, † March 16, 1711 in The Hague ) was a Danish pastor and author .
Life
Breckling came from an old Protestant pastor family originally from Breklum (hence the name). His father Johannes (Jens) Breckling (1589–1672) had published several works related to the Lutheran mysticism of Johann Arndt .
He spent his school days in his native Flensburg and then, according to the custom of the time, devoted himself to extensive hiking studies in theology , with Rostock , Königsberg , Helmstedt , Wittenberg and Gießen being the most important stations. In Giessen he got to know Johann Arndt personally. There he also acquired the theological master's degree in 1653 . He then spent some time in Hamburg , where he was to meet Joachim Betke for the first time . In Amsterdam in 1656 he also met Christian Hoburg .
After his return, Breckling administered the pastorate of General Superintendent Stephan Klotz , who had fled from the Swedes , then worked briefly as a field preacher before he became assistant preacher with his father in his place of birth in 1659. His hope of a pastor's position in Schleswig-Holstein was dashed by his open criticism of the church system and the clergy. The polemical complaint Speculum (1660) led to his dismissal without notice and forced him to flee to the more tolerant Netherlands . In Zwolle he founded a small community of like-minded early pietists . It was here that he became literary active and published almost fifty religious books and writings, contributions to Gottfried Arnold's unparthey church and heretic history from 1699/1700. In the course of time, his house literally developed into a gathering point for "enthusiasts" of all shades. The Lutheran early pietist Hermann Jung was one of his friends .
In 1667, however, he again lost his office as pastor in Zwolle, but still stayed there for some time. In 1672 he lived in Amsterdam , then one of the largest printing and publishing centers. The income from his writings was insufficient, so that he had to look for additional income as a proofreader in a printing company.
Among his numerous opponents is also Quirinus Kuhlmann , who published several writings against him. Exhausted from the long years of persecution and the grueling existence in the midst of religious struggles, Breckling finally retired in The Hague in 1690, where he only died in 1711 at the age of 82.
Works (selection)
- Speculum seu Lapis lydius Pastorum (i.e. mirror or touchstone for the pastors), in which all preachers and teachers of this last world should look at themselves and according to their conscience as eyes that see and judge everything for God, without hypocrisy of themselves, should seriously examine and examine whether they rightly be or not, sent and recognized by God, preachers, teachers, bishops and superintendents; whether they are like right or wrong prophets; whether they have Christ or the Antichrist's image in them; whether they use the right or wrong apostle to designate marks and characteristics: those who are pious and who allow themselves to be taught and punished by the Spirit of God for fraternal remembrance, awakening, testing and improvement; to the wicked, hypocrites, stiffnecked and contradicting but set up as a testimony and presented on their conscience according to the rule of the word of God. Amsterdam 1660
- Biblia pauperum ... Gospel of the poor. Amsterdam 1662
- Six witty different scripts. Amsterdam 1697
Literature (selection)
- Brekling, Frederik in: Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon (2nd udgave, 1915)
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz : Breckling, Friedrich. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 736-737.
- J. van den Berg and JP van Dooren (eds.): Pietism and Reveil. Leiden 1978.
- Dietrich Blaufuß: Friedrich Breckling's relations to southern Germany. In: Journal for Church History (ZKG) Vol. 87, 1976, pp. 244–279.
- Reinhard Breymayer: Politics from the Spirit of the Bible : The rediscovered “Optima Politica” [Amsterdam 1660] by Hermann Jung, a friend of Friedrich Breckling and Johann Amos Comenius . Edition and bibliography . In: Pietism research. About Philipp Jacob Spener and the spiritualistic - radical pietistic environment. Edited by Dietrich Blaufuß. Frankfurt am Main, Bern, New York; Peter Lang 1986 ( Europäische Hochschulschriften , series 23. Theologie , Vol. 290), pp. 385-513 (here on 71 pages on Friedrich Breckling; cf. the register of persons, p. 517).
- LJ Mortensen: Frederik Brekling, et bidrag til pietismens udviklings historie , København 1893.
- Manfred Jakubowski-Tiessen : The early Pietism in Schleswig-Holstein . Göttingen 1983.
- Johann Anselm Steiger: Friedrich Breckling. An early new temporal ego-document in the field of tension between spiritualism, radical pietism and theosophy. Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen 2005, Edition early modern period 109, pp. 1–161.
- Ms. Nielsen: Breckling, Friedrich . In: Realencyklopadie for Protestant Theology and Church (RE). 3. Edition. Volume 3, Hinrichs, Leipzig 1897, pp. 367-369.
- Peter Meinhold: Breckling, Friedrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 566 ( digitized version ).
- Frank: Breckling, Friedrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, p. 278 f.
- Douglas H. Shantz: Review in Arbitrium. Journal for Reviews of German Literature Studies 1/2007, pp. 63–65 of Friedrich Breckling, autobiography, edited by Johann Anselm Steiger. Tübingen 2005.
- Brigitte Klosterberg, Guido Naschert (Ed.): Friedrich Breckling (1629-1711). Preacher, “witness to the truth” and mediator of pietism in exile in the Netherlands , Halle: Franckesche Stiftungen 2011, ISBN 978-3939922315
List of works and references
- Gerhard Dünnhaupt : Friedrich Breckling (1629-1711). In: Personalbibliographien zu den Druck des Barock , Vol. 2. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-7772-9027-0 , pp. 759–786.
Web links
- Publications by and about Friedrich Breckling in VD 17 .
- Literature by and about Friedrich Breckling in the catalog of the German National Library
- Digitized prints by Friedrich Breckling in the catalog of the Herzog August Library
- On the 200th anniversary of Friedrich Breckling , contribution to the history of the city in the Kulturfalter , November 2011
- Friedrich Breckling project at the Gotha Research Center of the University of Erfurt
Individual evidence
- ↑ Entry in the Rostock matriculation portal
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Breckling, Friedrich |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Brekling, Frederik |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Danish pastor and author |
DATE OF BIRTH | February 5, 1629 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Handewitt |
DATE OF DEATH | March 16, 1711 |
Place of death | 's-Gravenhage |