Friedrich Hermann Ernst Schneidler

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Friedrich Hermann Ernst Schneidler (born February 14, 1882 in Berlin ; † January 7, 1956 in Gundelfingen ) was a typographer , calligrapher and university professor .

Life

Schneidler studied architecture with Peter Behrens at the Düsseldorf School of Applied Arts , later he was a student with Fritz Helmuth Ehmcke . From 1905 he worked as a teacher in Solingen and moved to Barmen in 1909. He was a soldier in the First World War.

In 1920 he was appointed to the Württemberg State School of Applied Arts as head of the department for graphic arts and book trade and as a professor. Schneidler founded the Juniperus press in 1925 .

Schneidler's main work, a collection of study sheets for bookmakers , which was given the name Der Wassermann (started in 1925, most of it with the help of specialist teachers Walter Veith [typesetting], Julius Heilenmann [printing], Josef Wenzky [stone and copper printing] until 1934, approximately 20 sheets printed during the Second World War), after the end of the war it was sold in four departments (cassettes) sorted by subject area - with only five complete copies - with around 60 incomplete copies. The portfolio was shown publicly for the first time in 1996 as part of the exhibition Between Book Art and Book Design curated by Wolfgang Kermer : Book Designer of the Academy and former School of Applied Arts Stuttgart in the Württemberg State Library in Stuttgart and in 1997 in a presentation of the same name in the Klingspor Museum in Offenbach on Main .

Despite his membership in the NSDAP from 1939 and the inclusion in the Gottbegnadeten list ("Führerliste") of the most important commercial graphic artists of the Nazi state, Schneidler received the teaching permit when the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart reopened in 1946 , after the American military government had " at home ”. In the denazification process , he was classified as a follower . At his request, Schneidler retired in 1948, but agreed to continue teaching until the successor issue was resolved (which took place in 1949 with the appointment of Walter Brudi and Eugen Funk ). Due to his influence on the then academy rectorate under Hermann Brachert, the proposed appointment of the then internationally known Jewish painter, graphic artist and type designer Imre Reiner , who was considered Schneider's “favorite student” at the time of his studies, but was dropped by him after 1933, failed.

Schneidler died in January 1956 from falling down a staircase in his own house.

His credo: start, start, always start seriously .

FH Ernst Schneidler is considered to be the founder of a so-called Stuttgart school in the graphic design sector. Compared to the view propagated at the Bauhaus and by the “ New Typography ” (e.g. Willi Baumeister ) in the twenties, he took a more conservative line, which remained noticeable even where he wanted to be “modern”. His students were u. a .: Albrecht Appelhans , Eva Aschoff , Walter Brudi , Werner Bunz , Eric Carle , Eugen Funk , HAP Grieshaber , Klaus Grözinger , Margret Hofheinz-Döring , Albert Kapr , Emil F. Karsten , Carl Keidel , Hansjoachim Kirbach , Eberhard Koebel (tusk ), Otto Kraft , Hilde Laupp , Hermann Georg Lechler , Erich Mönch , Wilhelm Nauhaus , Richard Neuz , Lilo Ramdohr , Lilo Rasch-Naegele , Imre Reiner , Hedwig Reiner-Bauer , Walter Renz , Harald Schaub , Peter Schneidler , Elisabeth Schneidler-Schwarz , Hans Schweiss, Willi Seidl , Rudo Spemann , Fritz Stelzer , Grete Stern , Georg Trump , Willi Vogt , Klaus Vrieslander . Eric Carle said of his studies: “After the hated school I studied eight semesters with Professor Ernst Schneidler at the Academy of Fine Arts in Stuttgart. Those were the most formative and happiest years. "

In 2011 the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart honored his work with the exhibition Books - Art - Writing: FH Ernst Schneidler in the Württemberg State Library in Stuttgart. In 2013 the exhibition in the Klingspor Museum in Offenbach am Main was repeated and an exhibition catalog was added.

Estate and Estate Administration

Schneidler left behind an extensive painterly, calligraphic and writing work. A large part of his artistic estate was taken over by auctioneer Thomas Leon Heck.

Honors

Fonts

  • Schneider Schwabacher (1911–1913)
  • Schneidler fracture (1913-1916)
  • Schneidler Werk-Latin (1914-1919)
  • Schneidler italics (1914-1919)
  • Book German (1923–1926)
  • German-Roman (1921–1928)
  • Juniperus Antiqua (1925)
  • Contrast (1929)
  • Very rough Gothic (around 1930)
  • Graphics (1929/1934)
  • Bayreuth (1932/1934)
  • Horace (1931-1933)
  • Legend (1931-1937)
  • Zentenar-Fraktur (1937–1939), on the occasion of a competition for the centenary of the Bauer type foundry in Frankfurt am Main [1] , for an example see also Broken Grotesk
  • Schneidler Mediaeval (1932–1938)
  • Stamp cutter (1939)
  • Amalthea (1956)

Book fittings / designs

(based on Thomas Leon Heck )

  1. Bruno Wille, Die Abendburg, Chronicle of a gold prospector in twelve adventures, Jena 1909 * (9th – 11th thousand 1910, 15th – 17th thousand 1912, 34th – 38th thousand 1923) (monogrammed cover, double title, Initials and book equipment) (ill. By Kermer, p. 120)
  2. Hermann Löns , The Wehrwolf . A farmer's chronicle, Jena 1910 (79th thousand 1919, 236th – 251th thousand 1925, 352th – 361th thousand 1930 *). In addition to rune-like elements, the cover shows 8 woodcut-style scenes from peasant life such as planting, house fire, fighting, drinking, etc. Schneidler: “The most beautiful old binding ornaments that I know can be seen on Irish bindings.” (Letters, p. 13) . As early as 1918, Schneidler's illustrations were replaced by Walther Klemms.
  3. John Eimers (Ed.), Up sassisch Eer, Ut de nedderdüütshe Lyrik von uns Daag, Jena 1910 (cover and monogrammed double title, with appropriate Hanseatic city views) *
  4. Wolfgang Schultz, Documents der Gnosis, Jena 1910 (with symbolic 2-sided monogrammed title drawing. Oschilewski calls the equipment “memorable”)
  5. Die Orestie des Äschylos , Jena 1910 * (monogrammed signet of the series on the frontispiece: stylized and idealized portrait of Aeschylus, also title drawing, with the paperback edition also cover drawing)
  6. Henrik Pontoppidan, Teufel am Herd, Jena 1910 (and 1922) (cover and title)
  7. Thule Collection , Jena 1911ff. (Double signet eagle and ship, as well as double title)
  8. Laotse . Tao Te King . The old man's book of meaning and life. Translated from Chinese and explained by Richard Wilhelm, Jena 1911 * (10th – 14th thousand 1921, title drawing with Schneidler's first frame omitted, 25th – 30th thousand 1941, 34th – 36th thousand 1952 with changed design ) (Cover, double title, cover)
  9. Liä Dsi , the true book from the source of the source / Tschung Hü dschen went / The teachings of the philosophers Liä Yü Kou and Yang Dschu , Jena 1911 (3rd – 5th thousand 1921, 6th – 7th thousand around 1940) (title , Cover, dust jacket)
  10. Percival Lowell, The Soul of the Far East, Jena 1911 (2-page title)
  11. Svend Fleuron, Winter in the Jägerhof, around 1911 (at least one motif with a sledge driver)
  12. The Bookworm. A monthly for book lovers, Dachau 1912 * (The April / May issue was illustrated exclusively by Schneidler. Two to three of 26 illustrations and initials [e.g. an original linocut] were created especially for this number, the rest are already out published works, partly in different colors.)
  13. August Horneffer, The Priest, Jena 1912
  14. Prometheus des Aeschylos, Jena 1912 * (monogrammed title drawing)
  15. Heinrich Heine , Atta Troll, Berlin, 1912 *
  16. Hafez , A Collection of Persian Poems. In addition to poetic encores from different countries and peoples. Transferred from G. Fr. Daumer, Jena 1912 (Book equipment with 10 full-page illustrations. One of Schneidler's students thinks she can see Schneidler's features in the male figures.) * (A text completely changed reprint, but with the same illustrations, was made under the title: Hafis , Poems from the Divan, Düsseldorf / Cologne 1976 *. The Stuttgart antiquarian bookshop Steinkopf has also illustrated one of its catalogs with these images *. Oschilewski praises "the delicious titles and full pictures")
  17. Dschuang Dsi , The True Book of the Southern Blossom Land, Jena 1912 (9th – 10th thousand 1940) (title drawing and cover)
  18. Edda books, Jena (?) 1912 (equipment)
  19. German fairy tales since Grimm, published by Paul Zaunert, Jena 1912 (= first volume, in the series “Märchen der Weltliteratur” Vol. 5; a second volume appeared in 1923, in the series “Märchen der Weltliteratur” Vol. 23; Cover, title vignette, lion signet, frontispiece and numerous square initials from Schneidler) * (see: Ulf Diederichs, Die Märchen der Weltliteratur 1912–1996, Part I of the Complete Bibliography 1912–1945, in: Marginalien, Zeitschrift für Buchkunst und Bibliophilie, ed. Pirckheimer-Gesellschaft, Wiesbaden 1997, no. 145, pp. 59 and 75-77, with illustrations of ten of Schneidler's "highly artistic" initials in a publisher's brochure dated October 18, 1912 - accusing the retail book trade. Schneidler received for his work 500 Reichsmarks and thus a third of what the publisher got.)
  20. Indian sagas, translated by Adolf Holtzmann, new edition M. Winternitz , Jena 1913 (2nd edition , 3rd – 5th thousand 1921 *). (Ornamental cardboard cover *, shown in: Die Deutsche Bibliothek (Hrsg.), The perfect reading machine. From German book design in the 20th century, Leipzig / Frankfurt am Main / Berlin 1997, p. 72. Partly with full leather cover *, the front and back The rider of Schneidler wears ornaments on his back. The double and 13 subtitles are reminiscent of carpet patterns. The half-title shows Schneidler's modified form of the Diederichs lion. See on this and other Diederichs lions designed by Schneidler: Irmgard Heidler, Der Publisher with the lion, in: Giovanna dal Magro and Anna Paola Zugni Tauro, In the footsteps of the lion, an art and cultural history, Munich 1992, p. 157). Following Eyssen, Heidler thinks that “Art Nouveau once again achieved a bewitchingly beautiful re-bloom with the aid of motifs from Persian miniature painting ” (p. 197). She characterizes Schneidler's style as "a tension of asymmetry and symmetry", rightly, since Schneidler taught this tension in his Aquarius. (Fig. In Kermer, p. 15f). With this book, “Schneidler's activity as a 'book artist' is actually finished” (Oschilewski).
  21. Alphonse Daudet, The adventures of Tartarin von Tarascon, Dachau, Der Gelb Verlag Mundt 1913. Illustrated with 45 drawings by Emil Preetorius, the ornamental cover drawing is by Schneidler.
  22. The ancient Indian philosophy based on the basic words of the Upanishads : The thought of the All-Self in the speech competition and the three doctrinal conversations of Yajnavalkya and the Braman Atman teaching in its main testimonies from twelve Upanishads of the Veda in the translation by Paul Deussen. With the addition of a free philosophical commentary "Thoughts on the problem of self-confidence in relation to the Upanishads" by Ernst te Peerdt , book design by FHE Schneidler, monumental edition, Jena 1914 *, 450 numbered copies. A “monumental work in every respect”, from a “printed image of grandiose but always restrained pathos”, a “splendid” book, “which in content and outward appearance summed up all the efforts of the great publisher like a king” (Eyssen, quoted n. Heidler p. 194), an edition of which “Eugen Diederichs did not wrongly claim that it could stand comparison with the incunabula of the 15th century” (Oschilewski, p. 2) not available in the Diederichs publishing archive. Schneidler created book decorations and various bindings. The artistic direction was Ehmcke, the script is by Behrens.) (A reprint in Diederichs, Upanishads, Die Geheimlehre der Inder, Munich, 12th edition 1996, contains a Schneidler illustration of the first edition.)
  23. Kung-Futse , Conversations (Lun Yü). Translated from Chinese and explained by Richard Wilhelm , Jena 1914 (3–4 thousand 1914, 5–7 thousand 1921 with a different cover: text in a square instead of a crossbar, suns with faces replaced by stylized radiant sun) (title , Cover and dust jacket) *
  24. Mong Dsi (Mong Ko), Jena 1916 (3rd - 5th thousand 1921) (title and cover)
  25. Klabund, Der Feueranbeter, Nachdichtung des Hafis, Munich 1919 * (Frontispiece)
  26. Georg Friedrich Giesecke, communications about the Giesecke and Pitterlin family, Stuttgart 1919 (with drawings, cover ornaments, frames for the text pages and pictures as well as the Schwabacher font by Schneidler)
  27. About Haydn and Mozart. Novellas by ETA Hoffmann, WH Riehl, Matthäus Gerster, Josef Friedrich Perkonig, Eduard Mörike, Stuttgart 1921 (cover drawing)
  28. The Persians of Aeschylus (translated into German by August Hausrath), (first and second thousand) Jena 1923 (monogrammed signet of the series on the frontispiece: stylized and idealized portrait of Aeschylus, also monogrammed title drawing, with the bound edition also cover drawing, but this one with a other head)
  29. I went . The Book of Changes. Translated from Chinese and explained by Richard Wilhelm, Jena 1924 * (2-page title, outline identical to Mong Dsi. Schneidler's authorship is not noted, however!)
  30. Adolf Weißmann, The Music of the Senses, 1925 (title)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See under "Literature".
  2. ^ Ernst Klee : The culture lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945 (= The time of National Socialism. Vol. 17153). Completely revised edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2009, ISBN 978-3-596-17153-8 , p. 485.
  3. ↑ Hans Schweiss's life's work: personal data, works and awards
  4. ↑ Sunday No. 26, June 29, 2014, p. 9.
  5. ^ Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart: Book - Art - Writing: FH Ernst Schneidler. Press release 9/2011, May 26, 2011.
  6. ↑ Andreas Hartmann: Great designer, great teacher. Article on the exhibition in the Klingspor Museum from March 10 to May 5, 2013. Frankfurter Rundschau, March 8, 2013.

literature

  • Wolfgang Kermer : FH Ernst Schneidler in commemoration: February 14, 1982 . State Academy of Fine Arts, Stuttgart 1982 [including a list of Schneidler's students]
  • Between book art and book design: book designer at the academy and former arts and crafts school in Stuttgart; Work examples and texts [for the exhibition "Between book art and book design, book designer of the academy and former arts and crafts school in Stuttgart" on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart after the Second World War, Württemberg State Library Stuttgart, October 30 - November 23, 1996]. Selected and edited by Wolfgang Kermer. Cantz Verlag, Ostfildern-Ruit 1996, pp. 15–16, 118–119, 196–197 [detailed biography with catalog raisonné] ISBN 3-89322-893-4
  • F. H. Ernst Schneidler. Type designer. Teacher. Calligrapher. SchuhmacherGebler, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-920856-29-5
  • Nils Büttner (Ed. With Angela Zieger and Anne-Katrin Koch): Book, art, writing. FH Ernst Schneidler. State Academy of Fine Arts, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-942144-23-0 .
  • Angela Zieger: "I'm preparing: an exhibition after my death". On the graphic, painterly and calligraphic work of FH Ernst Schneidler , Heidelberg 2019, ISBN 978-3-947449-32-3 ( Open Access )

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Schneider, Friedrich Hermann Ernst
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German typographer, calligrapher and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH February 14, 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH January 7, 1956
Place of death Gundelfingen near Münsingen