Lilo Ramdohr

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Photograph by Lilo Ramdohr (then L. Berndl) on the occasion of the wedding with Carl G. Fürst in Munich, February 1944

Lieselotte "Lilo" Fürst-Ramdohr , widowed Berndl (born October 11, 1913 in Aschersleben , † May 13, 2013 in Starnberg ) was a member of the close circle of friends of the Munich student resistance group White Rose during World War II .

Life

Lilo Ramdohr came from the Aschersleben branch of the Central German Ramdohr family . After staying in England (1931) and attending boarding school Dr. Fritz Weiß in Weimar (spring 1932 - spring 1933) moved to Munich for the first time in the summer of 1934 and began training as a set designer with Emil Preetorius . From March 1935 to February 1936 she learned book illustration at the Württemberg School of Applied Arts with Friedrich Hermann Ernst Schneidler in Stuttgart . In 1936 she started in Dresden trained as a dance teacher at the school for modern dance of Mary Wigman . After attending the Günther School in Munich and completing an examination as a gymnastics teacher in Stuttgart in April 1938, Lilo Ramdohr took over a school in Heilbronn on his own responsibility and gave lessons in company sports until she was drafted to Holzkirchen for the harvest service in the summer of 1939 and then to the hospital service until the end 1941 came back to Munich. In addition, she attended the Günther School again from April 1941, now married, in order to pass an additional examination in dance physical education, and received some engagements at Munich theaters, a. a. in the Herkulessaal of the Residenz, together with Benno Kusche and Maja Lex .

In addition, Lilo Ramdohr attended Hein König's private drawing school “Die Form” , where she met the German-Russian medical student Alexander Schmorell in autumn 1941 . This friendship resulted in her contact with Hans Scholl , Christoph Probst and later Sophie Scholl as well as other members of the White Rose. It is possible that Lilo Ramdohr played a key role in the naming, as in November 1941 they gave Schmorell and Scholl a field postcard from the Max Baur company with a picture of a white rose and an accompanying letter from a friend, the soldier Fritz Rook, with a text about what a white rose expressed for him in view of the reality of war.

After Lilo Ramdohr's husband Otto Berndl, the son of the Munich architect Richard Berndl , fell in Russia, she moved closer to the circle of the White Rose. While Schmorell and his student company were on the medical mission on the Eastern Front in August 1942 , they wrote each other several letters. In the months that followed, Ramdohr temporarily hid leaflets, a duplicating device and stencils for the slogan "Down with Hitler" on the wall in her apartment in Neuhausen-Nymphenburg .

From her time in Weimar, Ramdohr also knew the future film director Falk Harnack , to whom she was temporarily engaged, and arranged a secret meeting between him and Alexander Schmorell and Hans Scholl in Chemnitz in November 1942 . Falk Harnack was already in touch through his brother Arvid Harnack and resistance and espionage cells in the Wehrmacht, such as the Red Orchestra and the Kreisau District , but also through family connections (through his deceased uncle Adolf von Harnack ) to the church resistance of Dietrich Bonhoeffer to resistance groups against the National Socialist regime and was very open to contact with the group of Munich students. Schmorell and Scholl were also very interested in a secret cooperation. On February 8 and 9, 1943, again through Ramdohr's mediation, they invited Falk Harnack to meetings in Munich and planned a follow-up meeting in Berlin on February 25, 1943 .

After the leaflets were dropped in the stairwell of Munich University on February 18, 1943 and the subsequent arrest and execution of the Scholl and Christoph Probsts siblings , Lilo Ramdohr tried to help Alexander Schmorell escape the Gestapo . She hid him in her apartment and helped burn his uniform, forge the passport received from Schmorell's Bulgarian friend Nikolay Nikolaeff-Hamazaspian, and to find hiding places in rural Upper Bavaria . But since Schmorell was arrested on February 24th in a Munich air raid shelter on Habsburgerplatz after his unsuccessful attempts to escape to Schloss Elmau , Lilo Ramdohr (and on March 6th Falk Harnack) were also taken into custody by the Gestapo. Ramdohr was released for lack of evidence. Harnack was indicted along with Schmorell, Kurt Huber and Willi Graf and others, but acquitted.

Harnack managed to escape from his Wehrmacht unit in Athens in December 1943 before he was threatened with further arrest . Lilo Ramdohr retired after another war marriage in February 1944, namely with the Brazilian medical sergeant Carl Gebhard Fuerst (great-grandson of Lorenz Levin Salomon Fürst , nephew of Margarethe von Reinken ; from 1985 carrier of the Federal Cross of Merit ) under the name Lieselotte Fürst from Munich back and sought protection in her hometown of Aschersleben . There she also experienced the end of the war and in 1946 ran a puppet stage for children.

In 1948 she and her then four-year-old daughter Doma-Ulrike fled the Soviet zone back to Bavaria , where, partly through the mediation of the Chiemsee painter Willibald Demmel , she worked as a teacher at boarding schools (including 1948 youth leader school of the BJR in Schloss) until the 1950s and 1960s Neubeuer and Landschulheim Schloss Ising ) worked. In February 1949 she was sent as a member of a BJR delegation to Detroit ( Michigan ) for three months and in November 1949 transferred to the Niederpöcking youth management school on the former grounds of the Villa Zitzmann on Lake Starnberg . After this school was closed for financial reasons and sold to the DGB , Lilo Fürst-Ramdohr worked at the Institute Dr. Greite works in Feldafing and at the Schier Landschulheim in Berg . Since then she has lived in Percha . Since around 1980 she was friends with the sculptor Claus Nageler, who was also based in Percha and died in 2017 . In 1995 she published her memoirs in the book Friendships in the White Rose , some other works have not yet been published. Until 1999 she gave gymnastics lessons in clubs in Percha and Söcking .

Lilo Ramdohr was active as a painter and author until her death in May 2013, almost exactly five months before her hundredth birthday.

Movies

  • In 1996, Bayerischer Rundfunk broadcast a biography of Lilo Fürst-Ramdohr on television as part of its Life Lines series. The director was Hans-Sirk's lamp
  • The history workshop in Neuhausen showed interviews with her in 1995 in the film We didn't know about that ... Neuhausen under the Nazi era .
  • An interview with Lilo Fürst-Ramdohr can be seen in the documentary The Resistance - Witnesses of the White Rose (Germany, 2008. Written and directed by Katrin Seybold , Production: Katrin Seybold Film in cooperation with the RBB ).

Exhibitions

  • The White Rose - Faces of Friendship (traveling exhibition 2004 of the Kulturinitiative e.V. Freiburg)

Works

  • Friendships in the White Rose . Verlag Geschichtswerkstatt Neuhausen, Munich 1995. New edition: pending, ISBN 3-931231-00-3
  • The White Rose (by Inge Scholl); Article on p. 139. Frankfurt / M. 1994, ISBN 3-596-11802-6
  • Rope dance (first anthology of the poetry of the Munich catacomb and the ELK) ; Ed .: Nanette Bald. Verlag Roman Kovar, Munich 1991. ISBN 3-925845-20-8
  • In each summer bouquet (Second Anthology of Lyrik der Münchner Katakombe and ELK) , p. 52; Ed .: Nanette Bald. Verlag Roman Kovar, Munich 1994. ISBN 3-925845-63-1

Literature (selection)

  • Detlef Bald (Ed.): "Against the War Machine". War experiences and motives for the resistance of the "White Rose" . Klartext, Essen 2005, ISBN 3-89861-488-3
  • Sibylle Bassler: The White Rose, contemporary witnesses remember . Rowohlt, Reinbek near Hamburg 2006. ISBN 3-498-00648-7
  • Lucy Burns: BBC World Service: Episode from Witness , aired February 22, 2013
  • Ellen Latzin: Learning from America ?: the US cultural exchange program for Bavaria and its graduates, part 4 . Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-515-08629-3 , p. 359
  • Petry, Christian: Students on the scaffold. The white rose and its failure . Piper, Munich 1968, pp. 76, 112
  • Ruth H. Sachs: White Rose History , Volume I [Academic Version]: Coming Together (January 31, 1933 - April 30, 1942) . Exclamation! Publishers, Lehi (Utah, USA) 2003. ISBN 0-9710541-9-3 (Regular Edition: ISBN 0-9710541-4-2 )
  • Inge Scholl : The White Rose . Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt / M. 1994, ISBN 3-596-11802-6 , p. 139
  • The White Rose - Faces of Friendship (Brochure from the Kulturinitiative e.V. Freiburg; p. 12)
  • Einwohnerbuch town and country Weimar 1937 . ISBN 978-3-86777-028-6 , Frauenschule u. Daughters Home Dr. White, one year old and three year old.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Detlef Bald, Wolfgang Huber: "Against the War Machine". War experiences and motives for the resistance of the "White Rose" , Klartext Verlag 2005
  2. ↑ Armin Ziegler: It was about freedom !: the history of the resistance group "Weisse Rose": facts, questions, points of contention, people: a contribution to "Weisse-Rose" research , self-published, 2005
  3. ↑ Christian Petry: Students on the scaffold: the white rose and their failure , R. Piper, 1968
  4. ^ Exhibition of the dolls April to July 2014 cf. M. Bothe in Mitteldeutsche Zeitung of April 15, 2014, No. 87, JG 25, page 11. Retrieved July 30, 2014
  5. ↑ Ellen Latzin: Learning from America? Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, p. 359, 486 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
personal data
SURNAME Ramdohr, Lilo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Fürst-Ramdohr, Lieselotte; Berndl, Lieselotte
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter, Friends of the White Rose resistance group
DATE OF BIRTH October 11, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH Aschersleben
DATE OF DEATH 13th of May 2013
Place of death Starnberg