Emil Preetorius (graphic artist)

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Emil Preetorius (born June 21, 1883 in Mainz , † January 27, 1973 in Munich ) was a German illustrator and graphic artist . He is also considered one of the most important stage designers of the first half of the 20th century .

JG Poppe Villa-Preetorius.jpg

Life

Preetorius studied law, art history and natural sciences in Munich, Berlin and Giessen, where he was awarded a Dr. jur. received his doctorate. He then attended the Munich School of Applied Arts for a short time, but mainly trained himself as a painter and draftsman.

In 1909 he founded the school for illustration and book trade in Munich together with Paul Renner , headed the Munich training workshops from 1910 and in 1926 became head of a class for illustration and a class for stage design at the University of Fine Arts in Munich, where he had been a student since 1928 Professor worked. In 1914 Preetorius founded together with Franz Paul Glaß , Friedrich Heubner , Carl Moos , Max Schwarzer and Valentin Zietara the artists' association “ Die Sechs ”, one of the first artist groups for the marketing of advertising orders, especially posters.

Preetorius created illustrations for numerous works of fiction from 1908 onwards. He belonged to Thomas Mann's circle of friends , for whose works Herr und Hund and Confessions of the impostor Felix Krull he only designed the book covers. Preetorius also designed the cover for the first public edition of Heinrich Mann's novel The Subject (1918). From 1923 Preetorius worked for the Münchner Kammerspiele . In 1932 he became stage director of the Bayreuth Festival .

In 1942, after being denounced as a "Jew friend", Preetorius was briefly imprisoned by the Gestapo , but was released again at the instigation of Adolf Hitler , who counted him among the three most important stage designers. In 1943 Preetorius was awarded the Goethe Medal for Art and Science by the Nazi rulers . In 1944 he made his debut as a set designer for the Richard Strauss premiere Die Liebe der Danae at the Salzburg Festival , although the production only made it to a public rehearsal due to the theater closure due to the war . The actual premiere of this production took place in the summer of 1952 in Salzburg. In 1948 Preetorius designed the sets for Günther Rennert's Salzburg production of Beethoven's Fidelio with Wilhelm Furtwängler at the podium.

In 1951 Preetorius retired. From 1947 to 1961 Preetorius was a member of the Bavarian Senate . From 1948 to 1968 he was President of the Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. Since 1952 he was a member of the German Academy for Language and Poetry in Darmstadt .

In his book illustrations (including Alphonse Daudet's Tartarin de Tarascon , 1913), book graphics and posters, Preetorius was influenced by Japanese woodcuts, and as a set designer he followed on from romantic classicism. He published, among other things, Vom Bühnenbild by Richard Wagner (1938), Weltbild und Weltgestalt (1947) and Mystery of the Visible (1963).

Emil Preetorius was a member of the German Association of Artists . He was buried in Munich in the Bogenhausen cemetery .

Honors

Fonts (selection)

  • From the stage design by Richard Wagner (1938)
  • Thoughts on Art (1940)
  • Worldview and World Content (1947)
  • Secret of the Visible (1963)

Books illustrated by Emil Preetorius (selection)

  • Lithographic portfolios: sketches, portraits 1910–1919.

Fonts (selection)

  • Emil Preetorius: a life for art (1883-1973) . Edited by Michael Buddeberg. Munich 2015. ISBN 978-3-7774-2404-0
  • Aleksander Ger (Александр Гер): Эмиль Преториус \ Emil Preetorius. Kiev. Magazine "Iskusstwo". 1912
  • Emil Preetorius: the scenic work . Berlin, Vienna: Limbach 1941, 3rd expanded edition 1944
  • Eberhard Hölscher: Emil Preetorius. The complete work. Book art, free and applied graphics, font design, stage art, literary work. Publishing house for writing Heintze & Blanckertz, Berlin – Leipzig 1943.
  • Emil Preetorius (epilogue): Ten thousand times the luck. Colored picture greetings from Japan. 16 surimonos from the Emil Preetorius collection . With explanations of pictures by Roger Goepper . Piper, Munich 1959.
  • Emil Preetorius: Art of the East - Preetorius Collection. Edited by Elisabeth Michaelis. With a contribution by Roger Goepper and Ernst Kühnel. Atlantis Verlag, Zurich 1963.
  • Emil Preetorius: Munich Memories (1945) , Imprimatur. A yearbook for book lovers. NF VII, Frankfurt am Main 1972

literature

  • Eberhard Hölscher: Emil Preetorius. The complete work. Book art, free and applied graphics, font design, stage art, literary work , Berlin, Leipzig: Verlag für Schriftkunde heintze & Blanckertz 1943 (monographs of artistic writing; 10).
  • Georg Ohr: Emil Preetorius - Bibliography of illustrated books and portfolios , Imprimatur. A yearbook for book lovers. NF VII, Frankfurt am Main 1972.
  • Curt Tillmann: Emil Preetorius - Bibliography of the book covers , imprimatur. A yearbook for book lovers. NF VII, Frankfurt am Main 1972.
  • Walter Heist et al .: Emil Preetorius: graphic artist, set designer, collector . Mainz: Krach, 1976. (Kleine Mainzer Bücherei; Vol. 10). ISBN 3-87439-035-7 .
  • Артур Рудзицкий ( Artur Rudsyzkyj ) Эмиль Преториус \ Emil Preetorius - Kiev. - 1996
  • Ulrike Krone-Balcke:  Preetorius, Emil. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , p. 683 f. ( Digitized version ).

Documents

Letters from E. Preetorius from 1927–1929 are in the holdings of the Leipzig music publisher CFPeters in the Leipzig State Archives .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Ernst Klee : The culture lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 , p. 464.
  2. ↑ kuenstlerbund.de: Full members of the Deutscher Künstlerbund since it was founded in 1903 / Preetorius, Emil ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on December 14, 2015)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kuenstlerbund.de
  3. ↑ billiongraves.de: Emil-Preetorius
personal data
SURNAME Preetorius, Emil
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German illustrator and graphic artist
DATE OF BIRTH June 21, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Mainz
DATE OF DEATH January 27, 1973
Place of death Munich