Friedrich von Domneck

Coat of arms relief of Prince-Bishop Friedrich von Domneck (with additional ancestral coat of arms), at the Bishop's Palace in Ladenburg , today's Lobdengau Museum

Friedrich von Domneck , also Friedrich von Domeneck (* 1385 ; † May 1, 1445 in Heidelberg ) was councilor of the Palatinate , cathedral dean and from 1426 to 1445 Prince-Bishop of Worms .

origin

He came from the noble family of the Tumminge von Domeneck , with ancestral seat at Domeneck Castle near Möckmühl and was born as the son of Poppo von Domneck and his wife Margaretha nee. von Berlichingen , whose brother Friedrich was the great-grandfather of the famous knight Götz von Berlichingen with the iron hand.

Live and act

Friedrich von Domneck chose the ecclesiastical status and already owned a canonical at the knight monastery in Wimpfen in 1397 , and in 1404 he matriculated to study at the University of Heidelberg . In addition, he received a canonical at the Julianastift Mosbach and at the Domstift Worms . Domneck had been a member of the council of Count Palatine Otto I from 1425 at the latest , who exercised de facto governmental power in the Electoral Palatinate from 1427 to 1442. With his support, Friedrich von Domneck was also likely to have become cathedral dean of Worms in 1425.

Personal coat of arms at the episcopal castle Ladenburg

On June 6, 1426, Bishop Eberhard III of Worms resigned . von Stettenberg resigned from office after a few days' reign Thereupon one elected - probably also under the influence of the Palatinate - on June 12th of the year Friedrich von Domneck as his successor.

Bishop Domneck's personality is ambivalent. In his younger years he had at least one concubine , with whom he fathered the illegitimate son Georgius Domeneki , who also entered the clergy. Later he emerged as a tireless reformer and was praised for his peaceful nature. The city chronicler of Worms Friedrich Zorn (1538–1610) notes that "with him, as with so many contemporaries, the spirit of zeal was preceded by a spirit of recklessness."

The historian Wilhelm Christoph Friedrich Arnold expressly praises Domneck as "he gave up the politics of his predecessors and knew how to maintain a happy harmony with the city throughout his life." He was probably the "most peaceful bishop" that Worms ever had. In 1431 there was a peasant uprising, in which the Jews in particular were pursued. Here the bishop met the rebels personally and they withdrew peacefully after he had spoken to them in a friendly and condescending manner.

The Council of Basel (1431–1449) drew up numerous reform decrees, which Bishop Friedrich von Domneck implemented in his diocese. There is, for example, a letter from 1443 in which he demands that abuses in worship be stopped, the prohibition of resignation and the transfer of benefits without his express consent, and orders that all concubines and secret wives of clergymen of his district within a period of must be removed six days after receipt of the waiver. With the help of Elector Ludwig IV, he brought the Windesheim Reform Congregation to his diocese and handed over the now extinct Kirschgarten Monastery near Worms to it . There were regular canons from the monastery Böddeken , moved in 1443 that there reformed the monastery and made it quickly became a local center of the Church's renewal. From there, other convents were influenced in the sense of the Devotio moderna , u. a. Liebenau Abbey and Frankenthal Abbey . In 1442 the bishop took part in the coronation celebrations of Emperor Friedrich III in Aachen . part.

In the later years of his life, Friedrich von Domneck mainly resided in Heidelberg and Ladenburg . Here he had the old hall of the bishops renovated and painted. As a motif, he chose - perhaps also with reference to his own past - a cycle on the subject of “The triumph of women over men” . This old hall building, whose roots go back to the Carolingian era, later lost its function as the residence of the Worms bishops and was replaced by the current castle , which was built close to the old building. In 1868 the now run-down hall building, which was only used as a barn, was demolished. A smaller coat of arms stone and a large relief (1436) with the genealogy of the coat of arms of Bishop Friedrich von Domneck are walled in at the new castle.

Bishop Friedrich died on May 1, 1445 in Heidelberg, where he had acquired a large court from the canon and episcopal successor Ludwig von Ast . He was buried in the choir area of Worms Cathedral and had a. a. also introduced the Feast of the Visitation in his diocese. Apart from his illegitimate son, the noble family of Tumminge died with him from Domeneck.

literature

• Friedhelm Jürgensmeier : The Diocese of Worms from Roman times to its dissolution in 1801 , pages 130-138, Echter Verlag, Würzburg, 1997, ISBN 3-429-01876-5

Web links

• Personal page of Friedrich von Domneck  in the German Digital Library
• Website for the no longer existing grave slab of the bishop

Individual evidence

1. ^ Website of the Ladenburg bishop's castle with the genealogy of Bishop Domneck
2. ^ Genealogical website for the von Berlichingen family
3. ^ Heinrich Boos: Document book of the city of Worms: Annalen and Chroniken , Worms 1893, p. 658; (Detail scan)
4. ^ Ludwig Schmugge, Béatrice Wiggenhauser: Illegitimität im Spätmittelalter , Oldenbourg Verlag, 1994, p. 128, ISBN 3486560697 ; (Digital scan)
5. ^ Richard Lossen: State and Church in the Palatinate at the end of the Middle Ages , Verlag der Aschendorffschen Buchhandlung, Münster, 1907, p. 11, footnote 6, (digital scan)
6. ^ Wilhelm Christoph Friedrich Arnold: Constitutional history of the German free cities: in connection with the constitutional history of the city of Worms , Volume 2, Gotha, 1854, pp. 445 and 446; (Digital scan)
7. ^ Website of the University of Heidelberg on the letter from 1443
8. ↑ Basel Contributions to History , Volumes 131–132, 1974, p. 221; (Detail scan)
9. ↑ Wikisource: The Aachen coronation trip of Frederick III. in 1442 , footnote 61
10. ↑ Website on the old hall in Ladenburg (click on the history item)
11. ^ NDB article on Johann Lang von Wetzlar , with a mention of this festival introduction

predecessor	Office	successor
Eberhard III. from Stettenberg	Bishop of Worms 1426–1445	Ludwig von Ast