Fritzlarer Börde

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Natural areas within the West Hessian Depression

The Fritzlarer Börde ( topographic map TK25 no. 4822) is a natural area (number 343.23) north and west of the Eder in northern Hesse . It is part of Hessengau and thus the West Hessian Basin .

Position and extent

It extends north of the city of Fritzlar between the " Fritzlarer Ederflur " (No. 343.211) in the south and the " Gudensberger Kuppenschwelle " (No. 343.24) in the northeast. In the west it merges into the eastern foothills of the “ Waldecker Wald ” and the “ Ostwaldecker Randsenken ” and to the north and northwest into the “Langenberge” and the “ Hinterhabichtswälder Kuppen ” as southern foothills of the “Habichtswald” .

It is drained by the Eder and its tributaries, the Ems and Elbe, and their tributaries, and crossed by the A 49 federal motorway . It has a total area of ​​96.37 km² and extends from the north bank of the Eder between Fritzlar, Wabern and Felsberg in the south to Niedenstein in the north. Administratively it belongs to the cities and communities Fritzlar, Wabern, Felsberg, Gudensberg , Niedenstein, Bad Emstal and Naumburg . The latter two are in the Kassel district , the other five in the Schwalm-Eder district .

The “Gudensberger Kuppenschwelle” characterized by its basalt peaks ( Mader Stein , Scharfenstein , Gudensberger Burgberg , Odenberg , Wartberg , Hahn etc.) is often considered to be the northeastern part of the Fritzlarer Börde. This is true insofar as it differs from the main part of the Börde only in the occurrence of these mostly forested mountain tops of volcanic origin.

Floors

The Fritzlarer Börde is a loess-covered , slightly hilly clearance basin. The light yellowish and calcareous loess originally deposited in the ice age by dust storms was converted into a brown "loess loam" ( parabrown earth ) through decalcification and acidification . As soon as their disadvantageous properties are balanced out by liming and fertilization , parabrown soils are the best arable soils ( soil estimate : 70–80 points, out of a maximum of 100). These soils are also widespread in the other lowlands of the North Hessian Basin (e.g. Kassel Basin, Hofgeismar Basin).

Usage history

View from Fritzlar to the north over the Fritzlarer Börde

Due to the high water and nutrient storage capacity of the soils, the Fritzlarer Börde is a fertile, extensive and intensively cultivated arable area despite relatively low mean rainfall (550–600 mm long-term annual mean ). Wheat and sugar beet predominate, but since the opening of the world's largest sauerkraut factory in Fritzlar by the Hengstenberg company in the early 1960s, a lot of white cabbage has also been grown. Because of the productive agriculture, it has been popularly known for a long time with reference to three villages in the area: " Dorla , Werkel , Lohne - Hessenlandes Krone".

The fertile soil explains the thousands of years of settlement history in the area. The Neolithic Wartberg culture from the time of 3500 BC BC to 2800 BC Chr. Is named after its main place of discovery, the Wartberg near Kirchberg . The stone chamber grave of Züschen is an impressive ground monument from this era. The Fritzlarer Börde with the Gudensberg threshold was the center of the Chatti settlement area, from which the Franconian Hessengau emerged in Franconian times .

The long settlement also explains the extensive occurrence of black earth on the loess, as is the case in the Magdeburger Börde , the Thuringian Basin , the Hildesheimer Börde and in Hesse in the northern Wetterau and in the Ebsdorfer Grund . In this ever since the Neolithic existing Altsiedellandschaften this Black Earth was formed by incomplete combustion or charring of the steppe vegetation.

Coordinates: 51 ° 10 ′ 12 ″  N , 9 ° 18 ′ 0 ″  E

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from July 25, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.naturkundemuseum-kassel.de

Web links

literature

  • Marion Gunreben: Black Earth Relics. A regional comparison of soils in the Magdeburg Börde, the Schöppenstedter Lößmulde, the Fritzlarer Börde, the Amöneburg Basin, the Wetterau and the Rheinhessen table and hill country. Dissertation, Philipps University of Marburg, Department of Geography, 1992
  • C. Hauptenthal: About black earth in the Lower Hessian Depression. In Geol. Jb. Hessen , year 106, Wiesbaden, 1978, pp. 319-366.
  • Hessian State Office for Environment and Geology: Soil map of Hesse 1: 25000 with explanation . Bl. 4821 Fritzlar
  • Hessian State Office for Environment and Geology: Soil map of Hesse 1: 50000 with explanation . Wiesbaden, 2002.