Gabriel from Taxis

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Gabriel von Taxis , actually Gabriel de Tassis , (* around 1480; † March 31, 1529 in Innsbruck ) came from the Italian courier family of taxis from Camerata Cornello . From 1505 to 1529 he was Innsbruck postmaster under Maximilian I , Charles V and his brother Ferdinand . After the division of power between Charles V and Ferdinand in 1522, he was Ferdinand's postmaster until his death. Gabriel von Taxis was married to Katharina von Lichtenstein (de Chiaramonte). The Innsbruck postmaster dynasty, later elevated to the count of Thurn, Valsassina and Taxis, descends from them.

Historical background

King Maximilian I made Innsbruck his seat of government in 1490 and, with the help of Janetto , Francesco and Johann Baptista von Taxis, set up a cross-border courier and postal service. Maximilian's son Philipp set up his own postal service in the Netherlands from 1501 and appointed Franz von Taxis as director. Between 1501 and 1503 Philip stayed in Castile. On his travels through France he tried to meet the French King Louis XII. Negotiating peace treaties for his father-in-law Ferdinand von Aragon and his father. But he only had success in 1504. On September 22nd, 1504, a peace treaty was reached between Maximilian, Ferdinand and Ludwig XII. in Blois. In the preparatory phase, the communication link in relay form between Mechelen and Innsbruck was set up again as a skin iron route . Due to a lack of parliament and a lack of money, there had been no fur iron lines for four years. Philipp paid the posts up to the whereabouts of his father. The Innsbrucker Hofkammer (Raitkammer) took over the financing of the postal routes from Innsbruck to the place where Maximilian I was held, and Janetto von Taxis proposed to pay.

Since the year 1504, Gabriel de Tassis was named as an employee of Franz von Taxis in the Innsbruck Rait books as " administrator of the post " (= administrator). It was not until 1510 that he also carried the title of postmaster.

Activities at the time of Maximilian I.

On March 29, 1505, Janetto von Taxis was commissioned by King Maximilian in Haguenau / Alsace to set up a fur iron line between Innsbruck, Vienna and Ofen . Post traffic from Vienna to Oven took place in open trolleys , also known as Gutschiwagen , according to Kalmus . It remains to be seen whether and to what extent Gabriel von Taxis was involved in the organization as Innsbruck postmaster.

In the first half of 1506, Gabriel organized a communication link from Innsbruck to Wiener Neustadt in the form of a relay , as Maximilian I was in Lower Austria at that time and was planning a campaign in Hungary. According to an hourly pass from 1506, Franz von Taxis set a skincare relay in motion from Mechelen on March 25 and gave Gabriel direct instructions. “ Gabriel, dentro la bolzeta la una (? Mia? Mas?) Tua letera. "Gabriel took over the Felleisen on March 31st in Innsbruck and passed it on to Maximilian as" Gabriello de tasis "via Schwaz , Salzburg and Marchtrenk . Gabriel soon also worked for the Innsbruck court chamber and organized all news relay for Maximilian I until 1513.

Between April and June 1512 Franz and Johann Baptista received by taxis and their family members of Maximilian I the simple nobility . Despite distant relatives, Gabriel was also one of the newly ennobled and has called himself von Taxis ever since .

In discredit and rehabilitation

From July 7th, 1513, the Innsbruck Court Chamber initiated proceedings against Gabriel von Taxis for prohibited external transport and incorrect accounting. Gabriel was supposed to submit a detailed statement in order to refute the allegations. Since he refused, the southern routes were withdrawn from him and he was replaced by a local postmaster, the chamberlain Hans Scholl. A little later there were also proceedings against Maximilian's courier and postmaster Johann Baptista von Taxis, who was in the Netherlands at the time. After a successful intervention by Franz von Taxis, Johann Baptista and Gabriel von Taxis received postal instructions on February 23, 1515. Gabriel again took over the operation of the Innsbruck-Verona postal route, while Johann Baptista stayed in the Netherlands and became Franz von Taxis' deputy.

During Maximilian's stay in the Netherlands in 1517, Gabriel was also responsible for running the northern postal route to the Netherlands . On March 5 and July 3, he received 386 and 368 guilders respectively to finance the postal rate “ the Ainfachen posst from Marchdorf to kay. Mt. (Imperial Majesty). In the Niderlanndt ”. The payment for the postal rate between Innsbruck and Markdorf, however, continued to go to Scholl. In May 1518 Gabriel von Taxis received the order from Maximilian I to relocate the postal rate to the Netherlands in such a way that it did not touch the state of Württemberg. The reason was Duke Ulrich's ostracism .

Until Emperor Maximilian's death on January 12, 1519, Gabriel remained in his office as Innsbruck postmaster and postal organizer. He then looked after the postmaster general Johann Baptista, the successor of Franz von Taxis in Brussels, on behalf of the later Emperor Charles V, the transit line from Augsburg via Innsbruck and Trento to Rome.

Court postmaster under Ferdinand I.

In January and February 1522, Charles V and his brother Ferdinand agreed in Brussels on a division of power. Ferdinand was to administer all Habsburg duchies except Alsace, as well as the state of Württemberg, which had fallen to the House of Habsburg after the expulsion of Duke Ulrich. Ferdinand then began to set up his own postal network with the help of Gabriel von Taxis.

On February 21, 1523 Gabriel von Taxis was appointed head of his court mail by Ferdinand, and he received his first postal instruction. In this role, Gabriel coordinated the postal rates for Ferdinand's Hofpost. Using the Dutch postal route , which has existed since 1490 , permanent connections were established from Innsbruck to Trento, from Innsbruck via Linz to Vienna and from Innsbruck via Augsburg to Stuttgart, Rheinhausen and Worms, and from Füssen via Stockach , Villingen and Freiburg im Breisgau to Ensisheim .

Gabriel von Taxis died on March 31, 1529 in Innsbruck. His son Josef was his successor as Innsbruck postmaster.

Successor as court postmaster in Innsbruck and Tyrol

The descendants of Gabriel von Taxis were elevated to imperial barons in 1642 and imperial counts in 1680. After appropriate preparation, v. a. by Alexandrine von Taxis , Emperor Ferdinand III allowed . of the von Taxis family in 1650 to be called von Thurn, Valsassina and Taxis in the future.

Terms of office Names, postal history events, promotions
1529-1555 Josef von Taxis (* 1506; † October 21, 1555 in Innsbruck), court postmaster in Innsbruck and head of the posts in Augsburg, Vienna and Freiburg
1555-1564 Gabriel II von Taxis (* 1528 - † August 6, 1583 in Innsbruck), tasks like Josef von Taxis
1564 After Ferdinand's death, the Hofpost was split into three independent post offices.
1564-1583 Gabriel II von Taxis becomes head of the post office in the Archduchy of Tyrol and the Vorlanden under Archduke Ferdinand
1583-1613 Paul von Taxis (* 1563; † August 5, 1613 in Innsbruck), Tyrolean postmaster from September 29, 1583
1615-1620 Andreas von Taxis (* 1587; † October 16, 1620 in Innsbruck)
1620-1645 Wolfgang Theoderich (* 1589; † September 9, 1661 in Innsbruck), baron from October 20, 1642
1620-1661 next to Paul II von Taxis (* 1599; † September 3, 1661 in Innsbruck), baron from July 27, 1645
1646 on August 3rd, confirmation of the postmaster's office with postal courses as a hereditary fiefdom
1661-1685 Franz-Werner, Freiherr von Taxis with name extension to "von Thurn, Valsassina and Taxis", (* 1643; † 9 (April 6th, 1685 in Innsbruck)
1665 After the death of the Tyrolean Archduke Sigismund Franz von Tirol, uniform leadership of the Habsburg ancestral lands under Emperor Leopold I , although the Innsbruck post office was retained. The application for a takeover by Johann Wenzel, Count von Paar failed
1680 on September 19, elevation to the hereditary imperial count by Emperor Leopold I.
1685-1695 Sigmund Maximilian, Count of Thurn, Valsassina and Taxis, brother of Franz-Werner (* 1643 - † August 31, 1695 in Innsbruck)
1695-1726 Franz Nikolaus, Count of Thurn, Valsassina and Taxis, son of Franz-Werner (* 1662; † July 9, 1726 in Innsbruck)
1727-1760 Leopold Franz Maria, Count of Thurn, Valsassina and Taxis, (* 1688; † February 27, 1760 in Innsbruck)
1760-1790 Joseph Sebastian, Count of Thurn, Valsassina and Taxis, (* 1729 - January 3, 1790 in Innsbruck)
1769 On November 11th, formation of an Innsbruck postal commission, incorporation of the post in Tyrol and the western Austrian states in letter and parcel traffic
1774 Subordination of the Tyrolean Post to the Vienna Hofpostkommission, leasing of the Postgeneralate in Upper Austria to the Thurn und Taxis
1791-1834 Alexander Maria Joseph, Count of Thurn, Valsassina and Taxis (* 1765 - December 19, 1868 in Schwaz), only nominally. In 1813, received the South Tyrolean Castle Reifenstein from the Kingdom of Bavaria as the new Tyrolean rulership as compensation for remaining postal rights.
1834-1876 Josef Thadäus, Count von Thurn, Valsassina and Taxis (* 1794 - 19 December 1868 in Schwaz), only nominally

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Fritz Ohmann, The Beginnings of the Post Office and the Taxis , Leipzig 1909, p. 214.
  2. ↑ Ludwig Kalmus, Weltgeschichte der Post , Vienna 1937, p. 66.
  3. ^ Fritz Ohmann, The Beginnings of the Post Office and the Taxis , Leipzig 1909, pp. 326–329.
  4. ^ Fritz Ohmann, The Beginnings of the Post Office and the Taxis , Leipzig 1909, p. 215.
  5. ↑ a b Joseph Rübsam, in: L'Union Postale (UP) 12 , December 1891, see also Fritz Ohmann, The beginnings of the postal system and the taxis , Leipzig 1909, p. 192.

literature

personal data
SURNAME Taxis, Gabriel von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tassis, Gabriel de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Innsbruck postmaster under Maximilian I and court postmaster under Ferdinand I.
DATE OF BIRTH 15th century
DATE OF DEATH March 31, 1529
Place of death innsbruck