Garhanga

Garhanga rural community
Garhanga rural community
Coordinates	14 ° 33 '  N , 5 ° 46'  E Coordinates: 14 ° 33 '  N , 5 ° 46'  E
Basic data
Country	Niger
region	Tahoua
department	Keita
surface	756 km²
Residents	69,712 (2012)
density	92.2  Ew. / km²

Garhanga is a rural municipality in the department of Keita in Niger .

geography

Garhanga is in the Sahel region . The neighboring communities are Keita in the north, Ibohamane in the northeast, Tabotaki in the east, Déoulé in the southeast, Allakaye in the south, Badaguichiri in the southwest and Tamaské in the west. The municipality is divided into 40 administrative villages, two traditional villages and 22 hamlets. The main town of the rural community is Garhanga village.

Large parts of the municipality including the main town are located in the Ader Doutchi mountainous landscape . The varied surface relief consists of plateaus, valleys and their catchment areas. The main valleys in the rural municipality are the Doudoubey Valley, the main town of which is the village of Garhanga, as well as the Laba Valley with the village of Laba as the main town and the Gadamata Valley with the village of Tchimbaba Tané as the main town.

The average annual rainfall in the municipality was in the period 1997-2006 458.84 millimeters with an average of 41 rainy days per year. The rainy season usually lasts from June to September. The once rich flora and fauna of Garhanga has been increasingly thinning since the 1950s. Acacias , felt-leaved jujubes , piliostigma reticulatum and desert dates grow sporadically on the plateaus . There is denser vegetation in the valleys. Wildlife populations - monkeys, squirrels, rabbits and guinea fowl - are on the decline due to a lack of habitats, water shortages and increasing human habitation.

history

Birni Ader , today a village in the municipality of Garhanga, was the capital of the Ader province of the Sultanate of Aïr, created in 1674 . At the beginning of the 19th century, Illéla became the capital of the province instead of Birni Ader.

In 1913, the French administration freed Garhanga as its own canton from the Keita canton created in 1904. In 2002, as part of a nationwide administrative reform, the Garhanga canton became the rural municipality of Garhanga.

population

At the 2001 census, Garhanga had 48,270 residents. At the 2012 census, the population was 69,712. Members of the Hausa , Tuareg and Fulbe live in the community . Traditional religions still exist alongside Islam .

Economy and Infrastructure

More than 90% of the population work in agriculture. The community is located in a zone in which mainly rain-fed agriculture is practiced. The staple food millet, as well as sorghum , cowpeas , peanuts, corn, okra , sweet potatoes , Catjang beans and cassava are grown in this form . Irrigation farming for vegetables and allspice is also practiced in the valleys . In the west of the municipality there are three natural water points where fruit, mainly bananas, is grown, which is an important source of income. In addition, the fruits of desert dates and jujubes are eaten and gum arabic is extracted. The harvested legumes from acacias and ana trees are used as fodder. Several factors create unfavorable conditions for agricultural activities. These include in particular soil erosion and the uncertainty associated with precipitation. In cattle breeding there is extensive animal husbandry of goats, sheep, cattle, donkeys, horses and camels. The ranchers have to struggle with diseases of the livestock, insufficient and shrinking pasture areas and land use conflicts with the arable farmers.

There are various craft businesses in Garhanga, including tanneries, basketry, blacksmiths and pottery. Due to the remoteness of the rural community and the lack of organization, their products rarely find their way into supraregional trade. Retail is mostly in the hands of women and suffers from inadequate working capital. Among other things, peanut oil, dishes, spices and confectionery are traded. Labor migration is widespread and is operated on a rotative basis in larger families. There are significant deposits of gypsum and lime in the rural community, which are traditionally mined. The most important source of energy for the population is firewood, which is used for cooking. A large part of the timber has to be imported from neighboring countries. Charcoal is used for the daily preparation of tea and in the forges. The predominant form of artificial lighting is the kerosene lamp, only to the village of Laba was a high-voltage line from nearby Nigeria.

In the education system there are 41 elementary schools and two middle schools spread across the municipality. The gross enrollment rate in Garhanga was 45% in 2006 (35.42% for girls) and should reach 100% by 2015 through the construction of additional classrooms. In the main town and in the villages of Fararat and Laba there is a health center ( French : Center de santé intégre ), but not a single pharmacy.

The national road 16 , which connects the town with the regional capital Tahoua , runs through Garhanga . The roads, which are generally in poor condition, are hardly usable for carts, motorbikes and cars in the rainy season. Transports are mainly done with donkeys and camels.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Répertoire National des Communes (RENACOM) ( Memento of the original from January 9, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Institut National de la Statistique website, accessed January 22, 2011. 
2. ^ Republic of Niger: Loi n ° 2002-014 du 11 JUIN 2002 portant création des communes et fixant le nom de leurs chefs-lieux .
3. ↑ M. Bocquier, M. Gavaud: République du Niger. Carte Pedologique de la Région de l'Ader Doutchi. Localization des observations Pédologiques. ORSTOM, Paris ( esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu [accessed September 30, 2018]).
4. ↑ ^{a b} Commune rurale de Garhanga: Plan de Développement Communal (PDC) 2007-2010. Version provisoire . December 2006 ( online version  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this note .; PDF; 557 kB), pp. 12-13 .  
5. ^ Maurizio Tiepolo: Schéma de Développement et d'Aménagement du Département de Keita - Bilan Diagnostic (11 June 2008). (PDF) Projet de Développement Local dans l'Ader Doutchi Maggia, June 11, 2008, p. 28 , accessed on October 8, 2018 (French). 
6. ↑ Commune rurale de Garhanga: Plan de Développement Communal (PDC) 2007-2010. Version provisoire . December 2006 ( online version  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this note .; PDF; 557 kB), p. 14.  
7. ↑ Edmond Séré de Rivières: Histoire du Niger . Berger-Levrault, Paris 1965, p. 163.
8. ↑ Edmond Séré de Rivières: Histoire du Niger . Berger-Levrault, Paris 1965, p. 165.
9. ^ Frédéric Giraut: La petite ville. A milieu adapté aux paradoxes de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Etudes sur le semis et comparaison du système social et-spatial de sept localités: Badou et Anié (Togo), Jasikan et Kadjebi (Ghana), Torodi, Tamaské et Keïta (Niger) . Dissertation, University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne 1994 ( online version ; PDF; 2.3 MB), p. 167.
10. ^ Institut Nationale de la Statistique du Niger (ed.): Annuaire statistique des cinquante ans d'indépendance du Niger . Niamey 2010 ( online version ; PDF; 3.1 MB), p. 55.
11. ↑ Presentation of the result globaux définitifs du Quatrième (4ème) Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat (RGP / H) de 2012. (PDF) Institut National de la Statistique, 2014, accessed on May 1, 2014 (French). 
12. ↑ ^{a b c} Commune rurale de Garhanga: Plan de Développement Communal (PDC) 2007-2010. Version provisoire . December 2006 ( online version  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this note .; PDF; 557 kB), pp. 15-16 .  
13. ↑ ^{a b c} Commune rurale de Garhanga: Plan de Développement Communal (PDC) 2007-2010. Version provisoire . December 2006 ( online version  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this note .; PDF; 557 kB), pp. 17-18 .  
14. ^ Comprendre l'économie des ménages ruraux au Niger . Save the Children UK, London 2009 ( online version ( memento of the original from September 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ; PDF; 2.6 MB), p. 8. 
15. ↑ ^{a b c d} Commune rurale de Garhanga: Plan de Développement Communal (PDC) 2007–2010. Version provisoire . December 2006 ( online version  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this note .; PDF; 557 kB), pp. 19-20 .