Gokstad ship
The Gokstad ship is a Viking ship from the late 9th century . It was discovered in the Gokstadhaugen ship grave at the Gokstad farm in Sandar (now Sandefjord ), Vestfold og Telemark , Norway and excavated in 1880 under the direction of Nicolay Nicolaysen . The seaworthiness of the Viking ships has been proven by numerous replicas.
In the stern of the ship was an elaborately designed burial chamber with the body of a man. In addition to the ship, three small boats and extensive grave goods were found. It can be assumed that the tomb was looted in earlier times.
description
The clinker- built ship is 23.33 m long and 5.25 m wide. It is made entirely of oak. The weight of the ship with full equipment has been calculated to be 20.2 t. A copy of the ship had a measurement of 31.78 register tons . The height from the lower edge of the keel to the upper edge of the ship's side is 1.95 m. The lateral height above the waterline is 1.10 m, the draft 0.85 m. The keel consists of a single continuous beam. It is 37 cm high in the middle, 42 cm at the stern end and 40 cm at the bow . It is 10 cm wide at the ship's bottom and 13 cm at the bottom. On both sides of the upper edge of the keel, a ledge has remained, to which the bottom plank of the ship's wall is attached so that the top of the keel is 20 cm wide. The keel is curved slightly upwards fore and aft so that it is 30 cm lower amidships than at the ends. The bar that was left standing is missing at these ends. Instead, there rebate cut where the sides planks are inserted and fastened. Special pieces of wood with a rising curve are attached to the ends of the keel. The stem at the bow is made of the best material, but incomplete because the upper section in the bottom is apparently rotten. The piece obtained from the stern measures 3 m. The cross-section is 45 cm at the thickest point. Here, too, a side fold is used to attach the side planks. How high the stern reached can no longer be determined. At the point where the stern steved breaks, you can see that it has become much thicker towards the top. The sides of the ship consist of 16 planks each. The joints between the planks were sealed with twisted and tar-soaked animal hair, which was inserted into a small groove on the joint sides . In some places you can see that it was later re-sealed. The top plank was a little thicker. The shields were hung from it, 32 on each side and painted alternately yellow and black. However, they were taken in on the way.
The ship has space for 32 rowers, but the crew was more than twice as large as two teams took turns rowing. The rectangular sail had an area of around 110 m². This could bring the ship to twelve knots . The rudder could be folded up in shallow water.
The preserved remains of the Gokstad ship are on display in the Viking Ship Museum on Bygdøy , Oslo , which also houses the Tuneschiff and the Oseberg ship .
The Gokstad ship is the subject of the new 100 crowns sparkles that are circulated on 30 May 2017.
Replicas
The Gokstad ship has been recreated several times. The following replicas in particular became known:
- Viking , built in Norway in 1892. The ship sailed in 1893 under the leadership of Captain Magnus Andersen from Norway to theworld exhibition in Chicagoacross the Atlantic. The ship is now (2015) inGeneva (Illinois)and is maintained by a private foundation.
- Hugin , built in Denmark, drove fromJutlandtoKent in1949to commemorate the landings ofHengestandHorsainEngland1500 years earlier.
- Ormen Friske , built in Sweden in 1949, was lost in the North Sea in 1950 - presumably due to design errors in the replica - with all 15 occupants killed.
- Hjemkomst , completed 1980 in Minnesota , USA ; she drove in 1982 with a crew of twelve from Duluth (Minnesota) via New York City and Bergen to Oslo , but was transported back on a cargo ship and is now in the City of Moorhead Hjemkomst Center in Moorhead, Minnesota . It is maintained by the Historical and Cultural Society of Clay County .
- Jorgen Jorgenson , built in Perth in 1987; theship, namedafter the seafarer Jørgen Jürgensen , wastaken overby the Pyrmont Heritage Boating Club in Sydney in 2008and restored as part of a social project. Renamedto Aegir , the ship was exhibited at an Australian National Maritime Museum event in 2013. It has been in Sydney since then.
- Gaia , built in the winter of 1989–1990 in Bjørkedal, Norway, crossed the Atlantic several times and drove toRio de Janeiro.
- Lofotr , built in 1992 in the museum of the same name in Borg on the Lofoten island of Vestvågøy . In contrast to its model, the ship was not built from oak but from pine. It was shipwrecked in 1994 but has been repaired. It is used for trips in summer, and in winter it lies in the museum's boathouse. Themuseum also owns the Vargfotr , which was built in Poland ,and is a replica that is around 65% the size of the original.
- Íslendingur , built from 1994 to 1996 on the Vestmannaeyjar (belongingto Iceland ) by Gunnar Marel Eggertsson, who had alreadygained experience with the ship typeas deputy commander on the Gaia . She initially served as a school ship, which should bring Icelandic students closer to the past. In 2000, to commemorate Leif Eriksson's voyage1,000 years earlier, with seven men and one woman, she sailedto North America under the leadership of Gunnar Marel Eggertsson,stoppingin Greenland and Newfoundland to attend celebrations. It is now in the Viking World Museum in Njarðvík, Iceland.
Footnotes
- ^ The Gokstad grave UiO ( University of Oslo ): Museum of Cultural History
- ↑ Shetelig p. 139.
- ↑ 100-kroner: Havet som bringer oss ut i verden on the Norges Bank homepage , accessed on March 16, 2017 (Norwegian)
- ^ Website of the "Friends of the Viking Ship" foundation [1]
- ↑ Gerry Smith: Cityscapes: Viking ship from 1893 Chicago world's fair begins much-needed voyage to restoration. Chicago Tribune, June 26, 2008, accessed June 10, 2015 .
- ^ Per Åkesson: The Viking. 1998, accessed June 10, 2015 .
- ↑ Martin Braun: The sinking of the Ormen Friske cleared up after 54 years: Design and construction errors in the keel were a death sentence even in light seas.
- ↑ Website ( Memento of the original from October 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. the Historical and Cultural Society of Clay County
- ↑ Darling Harbor, Viking vessel, Jorgen Jorgensen
- ^ Vikingskipene
- ↑ The Viking Ship Íslendingur
literature
- N. Nicolaysen: Langskibet fra Gokstad ved Sandefjord beskrevet (description of the longship from Gokstad near Sandefjord). 1882
- AW Brøgger , Haakon Shetelig : Vikingeskipene. Their forgjengere and etterfølgere . (Viking ships. Their predecessors and successors). Oslo 1950.
