Gröditz (Weißenberg)
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Gröditz
Hrodźišćo City of Weißenberg
Coordinates: 51 ° 12 ′ 26 ″ N , 14 ° 37 ′ 24 ″ E
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| Height : | 161–209 m above sea level NN |
| Residents : | 246 (December 31, 2016) |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1994 |
| Postal code : | 02627 |
| Area code : | 035876 |
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Gröditz , in Sorbian , is a place in the east of the Bautzen district in Eastern Saxony and has been part of the city of Weißenberg since 1994 . The place is on the edge of the Upper Lusatian region , a fertile and hilly area between the low mountain range and the plains. Gröditz is part of the official Sorbian settlement area in Upper Lusatia .
geography
Gröditz is located about 15 kilometers east of the large district town of Bautzen on the northern edge of the Upper Lusatian area, where it merges into the plains. Due to its exposed location at about 200 m above sea level. NN is the place and especially its church tower visible from afar. The Löbauer Wasser , which has washed away a breakthrough valley here, the so-called Gröditzer Skala, runs southeast of the village .
From the higher-lying town center in the form of a round hamlet with a church, village square and castle, the town stretches along two streets down to the river. A Vorwerk also belongs to Gröditz, which is located about two kilometers northeast of the town center on the road to Gebelzig .
The neighboring towns are Groß Saubernitz in the north, Gebelzig in the north-east, Wuischke in the east, Weicha on the other side of the scale in the south-east, Nechern in the south-west and Cortnitz and Brießnitz in the north-west. The immediate vicinity of Gröditz - apart from the scale which is under nature protection - is used for agriculture.
history
With its first mention as Gradis ("the castle") in 1222, Gröditz is one of the oldest guaranteed settlements in Upper Lusatia. Four centuries earlier, the Slavic Milzeners , ancestors of today's Sorbs , had built a castle wall at the highest point above the Löbauer Wasser valley. This is still clearly visible today.
After 1815, Gröditz became a border town. After the Congress of Vienna, the border between the kingdoms of Prussia and Saxony ran only about one kilometer from the Vorwerk , with Gröditz being part of Saxony, while the neighboring town of Gebelzig was already part of the Prussian district of Rothenburg . In 1854 there were also some residents of Gröditz among the 558 Sorbian emigrants who left Europe under the leadership of Pastor Jan Kilian and founded the Sorbian settlement of Serbin in Texas.
Towards the end of the 19th century, the Saxon state government decided to build the Löbau – Radibor railway line , which should run parallel to the Prussian state border. Gröditz received a train station at the Vorwerk, which was opened on November 10, 1904 along with the line that crosses the Löbauer Wasser in a ten-arch viaduct east of the town. At first, train traffic was only possible as far as Baruth , from 1906 also continuously to Radibor . The train service stopped in 1972.
Until 1994 Gröditz was an independent rural community with the districts Cortnitz , Weicha and Wuischke ; with the municipal reform it was incorporated into the neighboring small town of Weißenberg.
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The Gröditz manor house was built in its current form in 1738 and sits enthroned on the edge of the steep northern slope of the Skala in the eastern part of the village. The old ski jump is also located in the castle garden. From the Gröditzer Castle the manorial rule over the place and some surrounding villages was exercised.
The manor seems to have belonged to a von Porsitz family in the 13th and 14th centuries. Your coat of arms is attached to the church in Gröditz. It then came to a von Klüx family who built the castle around 1222. At the beginning of the 15th century, the estate was transferred to the von Maxen family, who held it until the beginning of the Thirty Years' War . Various successive lines of the von Gersdorff family followed , who owned it until 1896. In that year Clara von Krauss bought the manor, the daughter of the Dresden industrialist Traugott Bienert . In 1920 the son Rudolf von Krauss took over. In 1921 the castle burned down in part and was rebuilt in 1922–24 by the architect and castle restorer Bodo Ebhardt and an arbor was added. The widow Gerda von Krauss, b. von Zenker, was expropriated in 1945. The building then housed refugees, had been a tuberculosis sanctuary since 1949 and later a branch of the Großschweidnitz specialist hospital. In 2006 Gerda von Krauss' great-nephew, Beat von Zenker zu Pommritz, initiated a foundation. Since April 2007 the Förderverein pro Gröditz eV has been committed to maintaining the castle together with Beat von Zenker and in 2008 was able to save the Gröditzer Skala nature reserve from partial sale.
Castle Park
The castle park is a member of the garden culture trail on both sides of the Neisse . This improves the possibilities of care ( park seminars ) and the prospects for funding and tourist development.
church
The stately church of Gröditz is the center of a large Evangelical Lutheran parish. The building itself was not erected until 1902, although the tower is significantly older. On the arch of the church portal and on the altar there are Sorbian inscriptions that testify to the Sorbian history of this part of Upper Lusatia.
population
For his statistics on the Sorbian population of the Lausitz, Arnošt Muka determined a population of 390 inhabitants in the 1880s; of these, 338 were Sorbs (87%) and 52 Germans. At that time Gröditz was on the eastern edge of the closed Sorbian settlement area in Upper Lusatia. The proportion of the Sorbian-speaking population has since fallen sharply - especially since the influx of displaced persons from the former eastern regions - and in 1956, according to Ernst Tschernik, was only 32.3%. The inscriptions in the church still bear witness to the Sorbian heritage.
In 1964 the community of Gröditz and its districts had a total of 700 inhabitants; for 1991 the state statistical office shows a population of 603. Today there are around 450 inhabitants in the four towns.
Gröditz has been evangelical-Lutheran in the Lausitz since the Reformation, but was already the seat of a Catholic parish church. Today it is the center of the parish of Gröditz, which also includes the communities of Baruth and Weißenberg-Kotitz. The last figures on religious affiliation are from 1925. At that time almost all residents were of the Evangelical Lutheran denomination.
Infrastructure
State road 110 ( Hochkirch - Kleinsaubernitz ) leads west past Gröditz. A few hundred meters north of the church, the federal motorway 4 ( Dresden - Wrocław ) touches the local area. The Weißenberg junction is four kilometers to the east.
Personalities
- Wenzeslaus Warich (Sorbian Wjacław Warichius or Wjacław Wawrich ; 1564-1618), Sorbian theologian and translator
- Johann August Miertsching ( Jan Awgust Měrćink ; 1817–1875), Sorbian missionary and interpreter
literature
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Gröditz. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 31. Booklet: Bautzen Official Authority (Part I) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1908, p. 81.
- Trudla Malinkowa: On the change in the national structure in the parish of Gröditz in the years from 1881 to 1940. In: Lětopis B 35 (1988), pp. 58-84.
Web links
- Gröditz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Website of the Pro Gröditz association
- Castle park on the homepage of the garden culture path on both sides of the Neisse
Individual evidence
- ↑ Knothe, History of the Upper Lusatian Nobility and its Estates, 1879.
- ↑ Homepage garden culture path on both sides of the Neisse, members and cooperation partners , accessed on June 4, 2018
- ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian population . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954.
- ^ Ludwig Elle: Language policy in the Lausitz . Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, p. 244 .
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