Large flea herb
| Large flea herb | ||||||||||||
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Pulicaria dysenterica |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pulicaria dysenterica | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Bernh. |
The great flea herb ( Pulicaria dysenterica ), also called dysentery flea herb , is a species from the daisy family . As a medicinal plant, various effects were ascribed to it, especially against dysentery (dysentery) . For this reason it is popularly known under the name Ruhrwurz .
description
The flea herb is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of between 30 and 60 cm. The stem is upright and only slightly branched, it is like the leaves more or less woolly hairy. The leaves are long-oval and enclose the upper part of the stem at the base. They are often wavy.
The species blooms from July to September with short-stalked, hemispherical capitular flowers that sit in the upper leaf axils or at the branch tips. The flowers reach a diameter between 1.5 and three centimeters. More than half of the golden yellow heads are tubular flowers . The linear, spreading ray florets are relatively short, but longer than those of the flea herb ( Pulicaria vulgaris ). The numerous bracts are narrow.
The chromosome number of the species is 2n = 20.
distribution
The flea herb is found on damp meadows, on stony brook and river banks, ditch edges in southern and central Europe , as well as in North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia . The species is not uncommon in Switzerland and southern Germany, but is absent in north-eastern Germany. In Central Europe it is an agropyro-rumicion association type.
In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in Vorarlberg near Bezau between Sonderdach and Wildmoosalpe up to 1,300 m above sea level.
Use in herbal medicine
The flowers had a meaning as a mistake or adulteration of the real arnica . An antibacterial effect of the herb has been researched in the laboratory, with the alcoholic extract showing the best results against the cholera pathogen .
It was used against dysentery (dysentery) for a long time under the name Conyza media or Arnica suedensis . This is where the popular name Ruhrwurz and the scientific species name dysenterica come from . In 1827 it was no longer in use.
ingredients
The tridecene-1-pentain (3,5,7,9,11) and another polyethine compound with a triene-diine chromophore can be isolated from the flower heads of the great flea herb . There are also two polyenes with a hexaene and a tetraenone chromophore. In addition, the flowers contain several flavone derivatives, including 5,6,3-trihydroxy-3,7,4-trimethoxyflavone (oxyayanin B) and kaempferol-3-glucoside.
literature
- Werner Rothmaler : Excursion flora from Germany vascular plants: basic volume . 18th edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 2002, ISBN 3-8274-1359-1 , page 468
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 923. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
- ↑ Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (eds.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Pulicaria dysenterica In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 588.
- ^ Gilg, Brandt, Schürhoff: Textbook of Pharmakognosie. Julius Springer, Berlin 1922. ISBN 9783642913044 . P. 453f.
- ↑ Nickavar, Mojab: Antibacterial activity of Pulicaria dysenterica extracts. In: Fitoterapia , June 2003, 74 (4). P. 390ff.
- ↑ Nickavar, Amin, Ghavamian: Antimicrobial Activity of Pulicaria Dysenterica L. In: Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research , Volume 1, Edition 1, Winter 2002, page 31f.
- ↑ Georg August Richter : Detailed medicine: A handbook for practical doctors, Volume 2. Rücker, 1827. P. 296
- ↑ KE Schulte, G. Rücker and F. Müller: Some ingredients of the flower heads of Pulicaria dysenterica. in Archiv der Pharmazie Volume 301, Issue 2, 23 September 2006, pages 115-119 doi : 10.1002 / ardp.19683010205
Web links
- Large flea herb. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Large flea herb . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved April 23, 2016.
- Thomas Meyer: Flea herb data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Description on nafoku.de
- Entry in the Plants for a Future Database (Engl.)