Flea herbs

Flea herbs
Great flea herb ( Pulicaria dysenterica )
Systematics
Euasterids II Order : Astern-like (Asterales) Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae) Subfamily : Asteroideae Tribe : Inuleae Genre : Flea herbs
Scientific name
Pulicaria
Garden.

The Pulicaria ( Pulicaria ) constitute a genus within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae).

Above all, the great flea herb ( Pulicaria dysenterica ) is known, which has been ascribed as a medicinal plant , especially against dysentery . The small flea herb ( Pulicaria vulgaris) also has medicinal benefits; it is still used today in small animals against tick and flea infestations .

description

Illustration of the great flea herb ( Pulicaria dysenterica )

Vegetative characteristics

The flea herb species are annual , biennial or perennial herbaceous plants , some species are also half bushes or shrubs . Depending on the species, they reach heights of between 5 and 120 centimeters.

The elongated, round and often wavy leaves are not stalked and have more or less woolly hair.

Generative characteristics

The stalked, cup-shaped partial inflorescences stand in differently structured total inflorescences. About three or four rows standing bracts be mentioned Phyllarien is the involucrum. The sheath of the leaflets , the involucre, is hemispherical or bell-shaped with a diameter of 5 to 10 millimeters. The flat flower head base (receptaculum) is smooth or finely honeycombed. There are no chaff leaves.

There are often ray and tubular flowers in the flower heads. At the edge of the flower head there are usually 20 to 30 (10 to more than 60) ray- flowers , also called ray-flowers; they are fertile , have pistils and are golden yellow in color. In the center of the flower head there are between 40 and 100 tubular flowers , also called disc flowers, the corolla tube is yellow.

There are achenes formed. The outer hair crown of the pappus is very short, the inner one consists of ten to twelve longer bristles.

ecology

The cup-shaped inflorescences are so-called pseudoanthias ; From an ecological point of view, they are flowers and are composed of many individual flowers.

Locations and exposure

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

this really applies to most species or only those in Central Europe

Flea weed species “love” moisture and are not uncommon in places on stream and river banks, damp meadows and ditch edges. However, the disappearance of many such biotopes in the past few decades has also caused declines here.

Canarian flea herb ( Pulicaria canariensis )

Fragrant flea herb ( Pulicaria odora )

Lesser fleas ( Pulicaria vulgaris )

Pulicaria wightiana

Systematics and distribution

The genus name Pulicaria is derived from the Latin pulex for flea and - aria for concern, this refers to the use of the plant as a flea repellent . Some Pulicaria species were originally placed in the same genus Inula by Linnaeus with the closely related elephant , but later assigned to a genus of their own because of the different double hair crown. The genus Pulicaria was established in 1791 by Joseph Gärtner in De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum ... , 2 (3), pp. 461–462, Plate 173, Figure 7. The classification of flea herbs is controversial. Nevertheless, the flea herbs are closely related to the genus Alant ( Inula ), but also to the occupation herbs ( Conyza ), so that the assignment of some species is difficult. Synonyms for Pulicaria Gaertn. are: Francoeuria Cass. and Platychaete Boiss.

The distribution area of the Pulicaria species extends from Europe to Middle East to Central Asia and North Africa . Fleaweed species are relatively common in southern Germany , Austria and Switzerland ; in northern and eastern Germany they are scattered or rare. Pulicaria paludosa is found as a neophyte in North America .

A total of more than 100 species are included in the genus, here is a small selection:

• Pulicaria alveolosa Batt. & Trot. : It occurs in Algeria and Libya.
• Pulicaria arabica (L.) Cass. (Syn .: Pulicaria paludosa Link ): There are about two subspecies:
  • Pulicaria arabica (L.) Cass. subsp. arabica : It occurs in North Africa, West Asia , Turkmenistan , Pakistan and Sudan .
  • Pulicaria arabica subsp. hispanica (Boiss.) Murb. : It is originally found in Morocco, on the Iberian Peninsula and is a neophyte in the Canary Islands, Azores and California .
• Pulicaria armena Boiss. & Kotschy : It occurs in Turkey .
• Pulicaria auranitica Mouterde : It occurs in Lebanon and Syria .
• Burchard's flea herb ( Pulicaria burchardii Hutch. ): It occurs in Morocco and Fuerteventura .
• Canarian flea herb ( Pulicaria canariensis J.A.Reyes ): It occurs on the Canary Islands Lanzarote and Fuerteventura .
• Pulicaria chrysantha (Diels) Ling : It thrives in grasslands and on the edges of forests at altitudes of 2500 to 3000 meters in Sichuan.
• Pulicaria decumbens (Litard. & Maire) Greuter : It occurs only in Morocco.
• Large flea herb , dysentery ( Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh. )
• Pulicaria glandulosa Caball. : It only occurs in Morocco.
• Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss. : It occurs in Iraq , Iran , Afghanistan , Pakistan, Central Asia and western Tibet .
• Pulicaria insignis Drumm. ex Dunn : It occurs in northern India, Tibet and Qinghai .
• Pulicaria laciniata (Coss. & Durieu) Thell. : It occurs in Algeria , Tunisia and Libya .
• Pulicaria lhotei Maire : It occurs only in Algeria.
• Pulicaria mauritanica Batt. : It occurs in Morocco and Algeria.
• Pulicaria microcephala Lange : It occurs only in Portugal .
• Fragrant flea herb ( Pulicaria odora (L.) Rchb. ): It occurs in southern Europe , in North Africa, on the Canary Islands and in Turkey.
• Pulicaria petiolaris Jaub. & Spach
• Pulicaria pomeliana Faure & Maire : It occurs only in Algeria.
• Pulicaria salviifolia Bunge : It occurs in southwestern Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Uzbekistan and Xinjiang .
• Pulicaria sicula (L.) Moris : It occurs in southern Europe, in North Africa and in the Middle East .
• Pulicaria undulata (L.) CAMey. (Syn .: Pulicaria crispa (Forssk.) Benth. & Hook. F. Ex Oliv. & Hiern ): It occurs in Africa, on the Arabian Peninsula , in Western Asia and on the Indian subcontinent .
• Pulicaria volkonskyana Maire : It occurs only in Algeria.
• Small flea herb ( Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertn. , Syn .: Pulicaria prostrata Aschers. )
• Pulicaria wightiana (Wall. Ex DC.) CBClarke (Syn .: Aster hydrabadensis Wall. , Aster indicus Heyne , Pulicaria hydrabadensis Wall. Ex DC. ): It occurs in India .

swell

• Robert E. Preston: Pulicaria. , P. 471 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae) , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , (sections description and systematics)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Pulicaria in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n} Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Pulicaria In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
3. ↑ ^{a b c} ousheng Chen & Arne A. Anderberg: Pulicaria Gaertner. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 20-21: Asteraceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010

Web links

Commons : Flea Herbs ( Pulicaria )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files