Gulbarga

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Gulbarga
Gulbarga (India)
Red pog.svg
State : IndiaIndia India
State : Karnataka
District : Gulbarga
Sub-district : Gulbarga
Location : 17 ° 20 ′  N , 76 ° 50 ′  E Coordinates: 17 ° 20 ′  N , 76 ° 50 ′  E
Height : 462 m
Area : 64 km²
Residents : 543,147 (2011)
Population density : 8487 inhabitants / km²
Website : www.gulbargacity.mrc.gov.in
The Friday Mosque of Gulbarga
The Friday Mosque of Gulbarga

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View of Gulbargas in 1880

Gulbarga ( Kannada : ಗುಲ್ಬರ್ಗ , Urdu : گلبرگہ; Gulbarga ), officially Kalaburagi (Kannada: ಕಲಬುರ್ಗಿ ) since 2014, is a city in the north of the southern Indian state of Karnataka .

With 540,000 inhabitants (2011 census) it is the fourth largest city in Karnataka. Gulbarga is the capital of the Gulbarga district .

geography

Gulbarga is located in the highlands of Dekkan at latitude 17.34 degrees north and longitude 76.82 degrees east. The city belongs to the state of Karnataka. It is around 180 kilometers as the crow flies from Hyderabad in the east, 460 kilometers from Mumbai in the northwest and 490 kilometers from Bangalore to the south.

Gulbarga
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
5
 
31
16
 
 
5.3
 
34
18th
 
 
7.7
 
37
22nd
 
 
19th
 
40
25th
 
 
35
 
40
26th
 
 
106
 
35
24
 
 
138
 
32
22nd
 
 
141
 
31
22nd
 
 
188
 
32
22nd
 
 
80
 
32
21st
 
 
25th
 
31
18th
 
 
4.8
 
30th
15th
Temperature in ° Cprecipitation in mm
Source: WMO
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Gulbarga
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 30.8 33.7 37.3 39.6 40.3 35.4 31.8 31.3 31.6 32.3 30.8 29.8 O 33.7
Min. Temperature (° C) 16.0 18.2 21.8 24.9 25.9 23.7 22.4 22.0 22.1 20.9 17.8 15.2 O 20.9
Precipitation ( mm ) 5.0 5.3 7.7 19.2 35.3 105.7 137.7 141.2 187.9 79.9 25.3 4.8 Σ 755
Rainy days ( d ) 0.4 0.6 0.9 3 4th 9.7 12.8 12.8 12.7 6.3 2.3 0.7 Σ 66.2
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
30.8
16.0
33.7
18.2
37.3
21.8
39.6
24.9
40.3
25.9
35.4
23.7
31.8
22.4
31.3
22.0
31.6
22.1
32.3
20.9
30.8
17.8
29.8
15.2
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g
5.0
5.3
7.7
19.2
35.3
105.7
137.7
141.2
187.9
79.9
25.3
4.8
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: WMO

history

Gulbarga's origins go back to the time of the Chalukyas of Kalyani, who ruled large parts of the Deccan from the 10th to the late 12th centuries. They were followed by the Yadavas .

At the beginning of the 14th century, Gulbarga came under the rule of the Muslim Sultanate of Delhi . In 1345 the Bahmani Sultanate split off from this , and Gulbarga became its capital in 1347. In the decades that followed, the city was the center of what was then the most important power in Central India, a center of Islamic culture and education. But already in 1428 it lost this status to Bidar , which soon surpassed the old capital in splendor. Gulbarga gradually lost its importance.

After the fall of the Bahmani Sultanate, the city came under Bidar in 1492, one of the five Deccan sultanates that emerged from the Bahmanid Empire. In 1520 the Hindu Empire of Vijayanagar invaded the city ​​and destroyed large parts. In 1609 Gulbarga became the property of the more powerful Sultanate of Bijapur , which Bidar had subjugated.

1686 conquered Mughal Aurangzeb Bijapur and with it Gulbarga. But already in 1724 the city got the next new lord, when the governor Asaf Jah I made himself de facto independent of the Mughal Empire in the province of the Deccan he administered . This is how the state of Hyderabad came into being .

In 1956, the current state of Hyderabad was dissolved and Gulbarga was assigned to the state of Mysore, which was reorganized according to language boundaries, and since 1973 Karnataka . On the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the state in 2006, the government of Karnataka decided, following a proposal of the writer UR Ananthamurthy , Gulbarga in Kalaburagi rename. The Indian central government under Prime Minister Manmohan Singh initially did not agree to the name change. Only under the government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi , who was newly elected in 2014 , did the renaming officially take effect on November 1, 2014.

population

According to the 2011 census, Gulbarga has 543,147 inhabitants. 60 percent of the population are Hindus , 37 percent are Muslim . Christians , Jainas and Buddhists are smaller minorities. The main language is Kannada , which according to the 2001 census is spoken by 55 percent of the population as their mother tongue. Urdu (36 percent) is common among the Muslim minority . Smaller minorities speak Marathi (4 percent), Hindi (3 percent) and Telugu (2 percent).

Attractions

Gulbarga was expanded and fortified during the time of the Bahmanids . The thick wall and the wide moat of the fortress with its 15 towers, which has since fallen into disrepair, still bear witness to this today.

Gulbarga's greatest attraction is the Jama Masjid (Friday Mosque) , which is located inside the fortress and was completed in 1367 . Its construction is considered unique in India, as the inner courtyard was completely covered with domes, similar to the Great Mosque of Córdoba in Spain . In addition to the main dome, the building is adorned with four corner domes and a total of 75 smaller ones.

In addition, Gulbarga is home to the domed tombs of several Bahmani sultans and the tomb of the important Muslim saint Sayyid Husain Bandanawaz Gisudaraz, who came to the city in 1413 .

Economy and Infrastructure

The main town became a railway junction when the junction between the Great Indian Peninsula Railway and Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway was made in the 1870s . The Gulbarga district is still heavily agricultural and is therefore one of the most underdeveloped areas of Karnataka . The city itself has shown considerable economic growth for several years. The most important branches of industry are cement production, textile and leather industries. Tourism is still of a rather subordinate role, but could benefit from the relatively good transport links in the future, as Gulbarga is located on one of the most important railways in the country, from Mumbai to Bangalore . An airport and a software park are being planned.

Gulbarga is the seat of a university.

Web links

Commons : Gulbarga  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Census of India 2011
  2. ^ S. Rajendran: Center mum on 'Bengaluru' ,. The Hindu , December 18, 2007, accessed October 30, 2015 .
  3. Mugdha Variyar: Bangalore, Mysore, Karnataka Other Cities to be Renamed on 1 November. International Business Times, October 18, 2014, accessed October 30, 2015 .
  4. ^ Census of India 2011: C-1 Population By Religious Community. Karnataka.
  5. Census of India 2001: C-16 City: Population by Mother Tongue (Karnataka), accessed under Tabulations Plan of Census Year - 2001 .