Haparanda

Haparanda
Climate diagram
	Temperature in ° C , precipitation in mm
	Source: wetterkontor.de

	Haparanda
	Haparanda
State :	Sweden
Province (län):	Norrbotten County
Historical Province (landskap):	Norrbotten
Municipality :	Haparanda
Coordinates :	65 ° 50 ′ N , 24 ° 8 ′ E Coordinates: 65 ° 50 ′ N , 24 ° 8 ′ E
SCB code :	8604
Status:	Crime scene
Residents :	6679 (December 31, 2015)
Area :	5.93 km²
Population density :	1126 inhabitants / km²
Postal code :	953 01 - 953 92
	List of perpetrators in Norrbotten County

Postcard from 1910

Haparanda train station

Haparanda , Finnish Haaparanta [ ˈhɑːpɑˌrɑntɑ ] (Eng. 'Espenstrand'), is a place in Sweden . He is the main town and namesake of the community of Haparanda .

geography

Haparanda is located at the mouth of the Torneälv in the northern Gulf of Bothnia . The Finnish town of Tornio ( Swedish: Torneå ) is located in the immediate vicinity, on the other side of the Swedish- Finnish state border .

history

Tornio was one of the most famous market towns in the northern calotte as early as the Middle Ages . The city was founded in 1621 and developed into an important trading city. When Sweden lost its Finnish territories through the Peace of Fredrikshamn in 1809, the new border was drawn along the Torneälv and Muonioälv . The village of Haparanda by with seven farms was now on the Swedish side, while the town of Tornio was on the Finnish (Russian) side of the new border.

The loss of Tornio quickly led to efforts to found a new town on the Swedish side of the border. According to a decision of the Swedish King Charles XIII. on May 20, 1812, the city was to be named after the heir to the throne Karl Johann : Carl-Johans stad and built west of the village of Nikkala, on the coast about 10 km from Tornio and the new border.

The citizens and craftsmen, who were now expected to move to Carl-Johans stad , were not very enthusiastic about the location of this new town. As a result, after nine years (1821) , Carl-Johans stad had only 21 residents and thus remained a pure desk product. Instead, interest turned more and more to the village of Haparanda, which is in close proximity to Tornio and the national border. A " köping " (Haparanda köping) was founded on the land of one of the farms in 1821 , ie the area was given market rights and soon a city-like plan.

However, the state had not given up on its original plan. In 1821 the name Carl-Johans stad was changed to Haparanda stad ; but this should still be built west of Nikkala and relatively far from the border. At that time there were confusingly three places with the name Haparanda, a (actually non-existent) city 10 km from the imperial border, a small "köping" near the imperial border and also the farming village directly outside of "köping". It was not until 1842, after the citizens of "köping" had acquired city rights, that the resolution of 1812 was finally repealed and "köping" was made a city.

In both world wars, Haparanda played an important role in various border incidents and in the reception of refugees.

Today Haparanda and Tornio form a twin city .

language

Haparanda (like Tornio in earlier times) was already a predominantly Swedish-speaking town around the middle of the 19th century , although Finnish was spoken almost exclusively in the surrounding countryside at the same time . Until the middle of the 20th century, the city of Haparanda was referred to in linguistic works as a "Swedish language island ". Due to later immigration, a large part of the population is Finnish-speaking today - this is primarily standard Finnish and not the regional variety Meänkieli .

economy

On November 15, 2006, the furniture company Ikea opened its northernmost furniture store in the world in Haparanda. The city expects further positive economic effects and new jobs in the vicinity of the crowd puller Ikea. Around half a million people live within a radius of 130 km from Haparanda.

Haparanda is - next to Malmö, or the Öresund Bridge and its tourist information center - the only city in Sweden where you can pay with the euro in its shops due to its proximity to Finland, the Euroland .

traffic

Haparanda is at the northern end of the European route 4 , which runs from Helsingborg in southern Sweden to Haparanda / Tornio.

For bicycle traffic, Haparanda is connected to the Baltic Sea Cycle Route , which circles the Baltic Sea as the European EuroVelo route EV 10.

Haparanda is on the Boden – Haparanda railway line . Because of the wider Finnish track gauge , a multi-rail track leads across the border into neighboring Finnish Tornio. Only freight trains run here , as passenger traffic on the Tornio – Haparanda section was suspended on May 29, 1988 and between Boden and Haparanda on August 17, 1992.

Sports

Haparanda is home to the bandy club Haparanda-Tornio Bandy , which emerged from a syndicate of the clubs Haparanda SKT and Tornion Palloveikot from the other side of the river. Between 2009 and 2011 he played in the Swedish first division for two years. The Asplöven HC ice hockey club has had its headquarters in Haparanda since 1972.

Together with the Finnish city of Oulu , Haparanda hosted the 2001 World Bandy Championship .

Personalities

Gun Kessle (1926–2007), photographer, visual artist and author
Hans Stiglund (* 1955), Lutheran bishop
Marianne Racine (* 1956), jazz musician
Tomas Johansson (* 1962), wrestler
Ann-Marie Ljungberg (* 1964), author
Pär Hulkoff (* 1980), metal musician from Karungi
Predator , industrial metal band

Climate table

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Haparanda

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C )	−8.0	−7.4	−2.5	3.4	10.4	17.2	19.6	17.2	11.5	5.2	−1.3	−5.6	O	5
Min. Temperature (° C)	−16.7	−15.9	−11.4	−4.6	1.7	8.4	11.1	9.2	4.6	−0.3	−7.4	−13.8	O	−2.9

Precipitation ( mm )	44	32	35	29	32	41	49	65	66	64	59	42	Σ	558

Hours of sunshine ( h / d )	0.6	2.4	4.4	6.5	8.7	10.5	9.8	6.9	4.4	2.6	1.1	0.2	O	4.9

Rainy days ( d )	10	8th	8th	7th	6th	7th	9	10	10	11	12	11	Σ	109

Humidity ( % )	90	90	88	84	76	71	76	82	86	90	91	92	O	84.6