Tornio

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tornion kaupunki
coat of arms map
Tornio coat of arms Location of Tdaornio in Finland
Basic data
State : FinlandFinland Finland
Landscape : Lapland
Administrative community : Kemi-Tornio
Geographical location 65 ° 51 ′  N , 24 ° 9 ′  E Coordinates: 65 ° 51 ′  N , 24 ° 9 ′  E
Surface: 1,348.42 km²
of which land area: 1,186.95 km²
of which inland waterways: 41.43 km²
of which sea area: 120.04 km²
Residents : 21,875 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density : 18.4 inhabitants / km²
Municipality number : 851
Postcodes : 95400-95590
Language (s) : Finnish
Website : tornio.fi

Tornio [ ˈtɔrniɔ ] ( Swedish Torneå ) is a city in northern Finland with 21,875 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2018). It belongs to the Lapland landscape and lies directly on the border with Sweden at the mouth of the Tornionjoki River in the Gulf of Bothnia . With Haparanda on the Swedish side, Tornio forms a twin town . Tornio, founded in 1621 on the site of an old trading post, is the oldest town in Lapland. A center of Lapland trade for centuries, Tornio became a border town in 1809 and is now an important industrial location. The main attraction of the city is the wooden church built in 1686 .

geography

Geographical location

The Hannula Bridge leads over the wide Tornionjoki.

Tornio is on the Finnish-Swedish border at the northern end of the Baltic Sea . The border river Tornionjoki flows into the Bottenwiek (the northernmost part of the Gulf of Bothnia ). Tornio is part of the Lapland landscape , but historically it is mostly part of the Peräpohjola region . The city center of Tornio is located on the now silted up river island Suensaari in Tornionjoki, right on the border with Sweden.

Neighboring towns and municipalities of Tornio are Kemi and Keminmaa in the east, Tervola in the northeast, Ylitornio in the north and the municipality of Haparanda on the Swedish side in the west. Their main town, Haparanda, is located directly opposite the city center of Tornio and, although separated by a state and time zone border, forms a twin town with it . Kemi city center is 25 kilometers east of Tornio. Together with some surrounding municipalities, these two towns form the Kemi-Tornio region .

Expansion of the urban area

In addition to the actual city center, Tornio has a large area on the lower reaches of the Tornionjoki. The urban area of ​​Tornio has a maximum length of 83 kilometers and a maximum width of 44 kilometers. Excluding the marine areas, the area is 1229.09 square kilometers (43.41 square kilometers of which are inland water). Much of this area is structured in a rural way. Tornio has a low population density of 18.9 inhabitants per square kilometer.

The landscape of Tornio is shaped by the mighty Tornionjoki. The over 400 kilometers long river is the largest free flowing river in Europe. The fluctuations in the flow rate are correspondingly large : in the village of Karunki it is an average of 367 cubic meters per second, but it can reach a maximum of 3180 cubic meters per second. The Tornio area is part of the Boreal Zone . The predominant tree species are pine and spruce , the most common deciduous tree species is the birch . About half of the urban area consists of moorland . The bedrock Tornios belongs to the Peräpohjola slate area . The highest point in Tornio is the Kaakamavaara mountain at 189 meters . The coast of Tornio rises annually by six to eight millimeters from the sea due to the land uplift . In front of the coast is an archipelago . Its outer area belongs to the Bottenwiek National Park (Perämeren kansallispuisto) .

City structure

The Hallituskatu in the central Suensaari district is Tornio's main street.
Old wooden buildings in Kukkola in the rural part of Tornio

The urban area of ​​Tornios is divided into the urban center and the rural hinterland. The city ​​center is formed by the Suensaari district , originally a river island, but which is now connected to the Swedish west bank by silting up the river arm. In Suensaari you will find the historic town center with the most important buildings such as the old wooden church and the main street Hallituskatu. The Juhannussaari district occupies the northern part of the river island . The districts of Särkinärä , Kiviranta , Torppi , Pudas , Miukki , Palosaari and Luotomäki are located on the east bank of the Tornionjoki . The Kirkkopudas river arm separates the island of Röyttä from the mainland. The districts of Pirkkiö , Kirkonmäki , Kokkokangas , Näätsaari , Puuluoto and Röyttä are located on it .

The city center of Tornio consists of the following districts:

  • Juhannussaari (1653 inhabitants)
  • Luotomäki (1074 inhabitants)
  • Kiviranta (2861 inhabitants)
  • Kokkokangas (3023 inhabitants)
  • Miukki (356 inhabitants)
  • Palosaari (1544 inhabitants)
  • Pirkkiö (340 inhabitants)
  • Pudas (1021 inhabitants)
  • Puuluoto-Röyttä (346 inhabitants)
  • Raumo (723 inhabitants)
  • Ruohokari (522 inhabitants)
  • Särkinärä (231 inhabitants)
  • Suensaari (1934 inhabitants)
  • Torppi (142 inhabitants)
  • Vanha Pirkkiö (320 inhabitants)

The following villages are located in the rural part of the urban area:

  • Aapajärvi (137 inhabitants)
  • Aapajoki (297 inhabitants)
  • Alavojakkala (530 inhabitants)
  • Arpela (593 inhabitants)
  • Kaakamo (1021 inhabitants)
  • Kantojärvi (168 inhabitants)
  • Karunki (651 inhabitants)
  • Könölä (158 inhabitants)
  • Korpikylä (130 inhabitants)
  • Kourilehto (173 inhabitants)
  • Kukkola (210 inhabitants)
  • Laivaniemi (736 inhabitants)
  • Liakka (329 inhabitants)
  • Palovaara (71 inhabitants)
  • Ruottala (192 inhabitants)
  • Sattajärvi (200 inhabitants)
  • Yliliakka (304 inhabitants)
  • Ylivojakkala (231 inhabitants)

climate

The climate in Tornio is cold-temperate and quite maritime . Due to the high northern location, the temperatures are cool, but the Baltic Sea has a moderating effect on the climate.

The annual average temperature in Tornio is between 0 and 2 degrees Celsius. The warmest month is July with an average of 16 degrees, the coldest is February with -11 degrees. The growing season is short with a duration of 135 to 145 days. The annual precipitation is 500 to 550 millimeters. A permanent snow cover usually prevails from mid-November to early May.

The center of Tornio is about 80 kilometers south of the Arctic Circle . Therefore, the midnight sun does not shine in Tornio , but around the summer solstice , when the sun only disappears briefly behind the horizon , it remains as bright as day even at night. It is correspondingly dark in winter when the duration of the day is only three hours.


Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Tornio
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Temperature ( ° C ) -6 -7 -3 -3 9 14th 17th 16 11 6th 0 -6 O 4.1
Precipitation ( mm ) 46 37 35 37 42 46 61 75 66 68 66 55 Σ 634
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g
46
37
35
37
42
46
61
75
66
68
66
55
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

history

Before the city was founded

The first humans reached the area of ​​Tornio after the retreat of the glaciers towards the end of the last ice age in the 7th millennium BC. At the latest in the 9th century AD, the first sedentary settlement was established on the lower reaches of the Tornionjoki by agricultural Finnish settlers from the Häme region . The name Tornio originally referred to the river and was then transferred to the settlement and later the city at its mouth. It comes from the Häme dialect of the Finnish settlers and is derived from an old word for “spear”, which in turn is an early Scandinavian borrowing.

In the 14th century the area came under the influence of the Swedish Empire and was incorporated into the church administration of the Uppsala diocese . The parish of Tornio initially comprised the entire Tornio Valley . In 1606 it was divided into the parishes of Alatornio ("Nieder-Tornio") and Ylitornio ("Ober-Tornio"). Administratively, the valley of the Tornionjoki belonged to the Västerbotten region while it was part of Sweden . At the mouth of the Tornionjoki there has been a lively transshipment point since the Middle Ages. The Birkarls , privileged representatives of the Swedish crown, traded from here with Lapland and taxed the Sami who lived there . In 1531 Tornio was officially recognized as a trading center by King Gustav I. Wasa .

City foundation

City view around 1700. Illustration by Erik Dahlberg from Suecia antiqua et hodierna .

Already in 1585 under King Johann III. there had been considerations of founding a town at the mouth of the Tornionjoki in order to bring the Lapland trade under state control. The plans failed due to the resistance of the Birkarls. It was not until 1620 that King Gustav II Adolf issued the order to found the cities of Umeå , Piteå , Luleå and Tornio. The island Seitsenkari was originally intended as the location for Tornio, but the city was ultimately founded on the island of Suensaari, which is more suitable from the locals' point of view. In 1621 Tornio received city ​​rights . This makes Tornio the oldest city in Lapland. While it was part of Sweden, Tornio was the northernmost city in the country, and in 1960 Tornio had to give up its status as the northernmost city in Finland to Rovaniemi .

Under canon law, the town of Tornio still belonged to the parish of Alatornio, but in 1647 it received its own town church. As early as 1682 this church building burned down after a lightning strike. Four years later, the church of Tornio , still in use today, was consecrated.

17th and 18th centuries

The citizens of Tornio made wealth through trade. They had the trading rights to an extensive area, which included the river valleys of the Tornionjoki and Kalixälven and large parts of Lapland. In Tornio they mainly exchanged salmon, furs and butter for goods imported by seafarers from Stockholm and traders from Karelia . In the second half of the 17th century, the citizens of Tornio joined the shipping company in order to be able to ship their goods south themselves. The Great Northern War 1700–1721, in the course of which Tornio was captured by Russian troops and burned down in 1715 , only temporarily interrupted the city's upswing.

When the port of Tornios increasingly silted up due to the land uplift in the 18th century and a large part of Tornios was destroyed in a city fire in 1762, there were plans to move the city closer to the coast. Ultimately, however, Tornio was rebuilt in the same place. The city's port was moved to its current location on the island of Röyttä in 1766. In the same year, Tornio received the stacking right , which entitles it to trade abroad.

Russian time

Cityscape 1908. Illustration by Alexander Thiodolf Federley.

After the lost Russo-Swedish War 1808-1809 , Sweden had to surrender what is now Finland to Russia. In the Treaty of Fredrikshamn , Tornio was assigned to Russia, although the river island on which the city is located is west of the main arm of the Tornionjoki, which was set as the border. Thus, Tornio also became part of the newly founded Grand Duchy of Finland .

When the border was drawn, trade with Sweden came to a standstill and Tornio lost large parts of its trading area. Many citizens moved to Sweden. Haparanda, which received town charter in 1842, and Kemi, founded in 1869, competed with Tornio. As a result, the city lost much of its former importance as a trading center in the 19th century. As a border town, Tornio was now of strategic importance and was therefore made a garrison town by the Russians. With the construction of a steam-powered sawmill on the island of Röyttä in 1862 and the establishment of the Lapin Kulta brewery in 1873, industrialization began in Tornio. In 1903 the city was connected to the railway network.

During the Crimean War , Tornio was occupied by the British Navy in 1854 . In contrast to Oulu and the other cities on the Gulf of Bothnia, neither the port nor the merchant fleet was destroyed in Tornio. Economically, the city even benefited from the Crimean War, because trade was moved overland due to the British-French naval blockade on the Baltic Sea and passed through the border town of Tornio. A very similar situation arose during World War I , when Russia's only land connection to the west was through Tornio. Most of the Finnish hunters passed Tornio in 1915 on their way to training in Germany, as did Vladimir Ilyich Lenin when he returned from exile in Switzerland in 1917 .

Since independence

With the Finnish declaration of independence in 1917, Tornio also became part of the independent Republic of Finland. At the beginning of the Finnish civil war that broke out soon afterwards , Tornio was initially in the hands of the socialist "Reds". The city was defended by a 450-strong Russian garrison and 200 Red Guards. The bourgeois "whites" quickly brought the whole of northern Finland under their control and on February 6, 1918 captured Tornio.

During the Continuation War of 1941–1944, in which Finland fought in a so-called brotherhood in arms with Germany against the Soviet Union , Tornio was part of the Wehrmacht's area of operations, as was all of northern Finland . When Finland signed the Moscow armistice with the Soviet Union on September 19, 1944 , in which it undertook to drive the German troops out of the country, the Finnish-German Lapland War broke out. The civilian population of Lapland had to be brought to safety within a short period of time. The population of Tornio was evacuated to the opposite side of the river to neutral Sweden. On October 1, the Finnish troops undertook a major landing operation with 8,000 men in the port of Röyttä and attacked Tornio. In the days that followed, the worst battles of the Lapland War broke out in Tornio and the surrounding area. Because the Finns took Tornio in this early phase of the war, the city escaped major destruction, unlike the other places in Lapland, which were burned down by the Wehrmacht on their retreat.

In the post-war period, Tornio's economy benefited from regional funding from the Finnish state. In the 1950s, textile industry settled in the city. In 1968, the Outokumpu Group built a ferrochrome factory in Tornio in order to recycle a chrome deposit that had recently been discovered in Kemi . In 1976 Outokumpu's stainless steel plant was opened. Originally the group had considered Pori in southwest Finland as a location, but under pressure from a Lappish citizens' movement, the government exerted influence on Outokumpu and established Tornio as the location. The Röyttä sawmill, the oldest industrial company in Tornio, ceased production in the mid-1960s.

Originally, the urban area of ​​Tornio only included the Suensaari river island. As the city began to grow, parts of the neighboring municipality of Alatornio were incorporated into Tornio several times during the 20th century . In 1973 the whole of Alatornio and the municipality of Karunki were incorporated . As a result, the area of ​​Tornio increased tenfold and the population almost tripled.

population

Population development

Until well into the 19th century, the population of Tornio was below 700. Only then did the city begin to grow significantly: in 1880 Tornio exceeded the 1,000-inhabitant mark, and in the early 1920s the population had already doubled to 2,000. At the beginning of the 1970s, Tornio had around 8,000 inhabitants. When in 1973 the municipalities of Alatornio (then 8900 inhabitants) and Karunki (then 2200 inhabitants) were incorporated, the population of Tornios multiplied to almost 19,000. In the 1970s and 1980s, Tornio recorded a positive population development. In 1993 the population peaked at over 23,300. Due to the emigration to southern Finland, which began after the Finnish economic crisis in the early 1990s, the number of inhabitants also decreased slightly in Tornio, but the city was by far not as badly affected by the emigration as the remote parts of structurally weak Lapland. Since 2002, the population trend has been rising again slightly.

Development of the population
year 1980 1985 1990 1995 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Residents 21,076 22,328 22,879 23,156 22,881 22,617 22,456 22,155 22,198 22.204 22,297 22,299

Population groups

Despite its proximity to the Swedish border, Tornio is almost entirely Finnish-speaking . In the 18th and 19th centuries, the craftsmen and traders of Tornios spoke Swedish to a large extent , while the common people as well as the population of the rural area spoke Finnish. In the meantime, however, the share of Swedish speakers is negligible at 0.3%. Therefore, Tornio is officially monolingual Finnish.

The proportion of foreigners in Tornio is low at 1.5%, even by Finnish standards.

religion

Tornio's Peter and Paul Orthodox Church

The Evangelical Lutheran believers in Tornio belong to the parish of Tornio. This was created in 2007 through the amalgamation of the parishes of Tornio, Alatornio and Karunki, which had previously remained independent even after the merger of the political parishes, and is subordinate to the Diocese of Oulu . As in general in northern Finland, Laestadianism , a conservative Lutheran revival movement, is strongly represented in Tornio. The Laestadians work within the Evangelical Lutheran Church, but are organized in the "peace associations" ( rauhanyhdistys ) of Tornio, Karunki and Arpela.

There is also a small Orthodox minority in Tornio. The Orthodox believers belong to the Oulu parish, but have their own church in Tornio. After the Peter and Paul Church, built in 1884 as a Russian garrison church, was converted into a museum in 1928, Orthodox services have been held there again since 1987.

politics

administration

The town hall of Tornio is the seat of the town council.

The strongest political force in Tornio is the Center Party . In the 2008 local elections, however, it collapsed by 15.6% to 39.4% of the vote, achieved only 18 out of 43 seats and thus lost its absolute majority in the city council, the highest decision-making body on local affairs. The traditionally strong left-wing alliance in northern Finland is represented on the city council with eight seats , followed by the Social Democrats and the conservative-liberal National Assembly Party with five seats each. Four mandates went to the local electoral alliance Pro Tornio, two to the Green Bund . For the first time, the right-wing populist “ True Finns ” were also able to win a mandate.

Hannes Manninen has been the nominal city ​​director of Tornio since 1973 . Raimo Ronkainen has represented Manninen since 1995 as a Center Party member of the Finnish Parliament .

Composition of the City Council (2009–2012)
Political party 2008 election results Seats
Center Party 39.4% 18th
Left alliance 18.4% 8th
National rally party 12.2% 5
Social democrats 11.7% 5
Pro Tornio 10.4% 4th
Green covenant 4.7% 2
True Finns 2.9% 1

coat of arms

The coat of arms of Tornio

Description: In silver, a red stepped tower with blue windows, loopholes and gate openings and three of four rooftops are equipped with red balls, the fourth, larger one with a larger red ball with a cross of the same color.

Symbolism: The coat of arms goes back to the city ​​seal which Tornio was awarded when it was founded in 1621. It is a talking coat of arms, because the name Tornio was associated with the Swedish word torn for "tower" in folk etymology .

Town twinning

Tornio is twinned with the following cities:

Cooperation with Haparanda

Joint logo of the cities of Tornio and Haparanda

Tornio maintains close cooperation with its twin city, Haparanda, on the Swedish side . Originally a small village, Haparanda received town charter in 1842 to compensate for the loss of Tornio to Russia. Since Sweden and Finland joined the Nordic Council in 1955 and the European Union since 1995 , the state border has become more permeable and the locals like to refer to it as the “most peaceful border in the world”.

After Tornio and Haparanda had already cooperated on some projects in the 1960s and 1970s, the two cities founded a cooperation body in 1987 called Provincia Bothniensis . The cooperation concerns numerous municipal services (e.g. joint sewage treatment plant, cooperation in patient transport, joint tourism strategy). In addition, Tornio and Haparanda cooperate in the field of education: the students can freely choose which side of the border they want to go to school on. Since 1989 there has been a bilingual primary school in Haparanda ( Språkskolan / Kielikoulu ), half of which are reserved for Swedish and Finnish pupils. The largest collaborative project called Rajalla - På Gränsen (“At the Border”) started in 2003. It provides for the construction of a common city center in the border area between the centers of Tornio and Haparanda. A shopping center, a joint police station and a senior citizens' residence are to be built in the quarter.

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

Outokumpu works in Tornio

Tornio is an industrial city. 36% of the workforce are employed in the industrial sector. By far the most important employer is the Outokumpu group , in whose ferrochrome and stainless steel plants 2300 people work. In addition to the metal industry, Tornio has a textile industry. The Nanso Group produces socks in Tornio. 132 people work in the factory. Until 2010, one of the most famous Finnish beer brands, Lapin Kulta , was produced in Tornio. The brewery was founded in 1873 as Torneå Bryggeri Aktiebolag , had been part of the Hartwall Group since 1980 and last employed 100 people before production was relocated to Lahti . 28% of the workforce are employed in the public sector. The city administration is the second largest employer with 1,382 jobs. 3% of the population live from agriculture and forestry in the rural areas of the urban area. There are a total of 192 farms in Tornio, which mainly operate in dairy farming.

Tourism plays a less important role in Tornio than in the rest of Lapland, which with its winter sports centers and wilderness areas attracts numerous ski and nature tourists. Tornio markets itself in association with Haparanda under the slogan "limitless experiences". One of the tourist attractions of the twin cities is the cross-border golf course Green Zone , on which a tee shot from the Swedish side to Finland remains in the air for an hour because of the time zone boundary .

The unemployment rate in Tornio, at 14.2% (annual mean 2006), is significantly higher than the national average, but is just below the mean value for Lapland.

traffic

The Perämerentie motorway at the Kyläjoki junction
The Tornio station is only used for freight traffic

Tornio is the starting point of two state roads . State road 29 , which is only 16 kilometers long , leads to Keminmaa and represents the main connection between Tornio and Kemi. A large part of its route has been developed like a motorway under the name of Perämerentie . This makes it the northernmost motorway in the world. The main road 21 runs parallel to the Swedish border of Tornio to Kilpisjärvi in the north-west corner of Finland. The European route 8 follows the course of the state roads 21 and 29. The European route 4 begins in Tornio. It runs only a few hundred meters on Finnish territory to the border crossing to Haparanda and from there continues through all of Sweden to Helsingborg in the south of the country. 16,000 cars pass the border crossing between Tornio and Haparanda every day. This makes it the most frequented border crossing in the Nordic countries .

Railways run from Tornio in three directions: one runs along the coast to Oulu , one runs along Tornionjoki to Kolari and one connects Tornio with neighboring Haparanda . In addition, a short track branches off to the port of Röyttä. The Tornio train station is now only used for freight traffic. Since 2008, after a four-year break, passenger trains have stopped again on the Helsinki-Kolari line at the Tornio-Ost stop east of the station (Tornio-Itäinen) . The extension of the Boden – Haparanda railway to Tornio is the only direct rail link between Finland and Sweden. The four-kilometer stretch has been expanded to double- track it so that trains of different gauge can be used (Finland uses Russian broad gauge , Sweden uses standard gauge ). In Haparanda the trains can be re- gauged and continue their journey on the Swedish rail network on the route to Boden .

The port of Tornio is located on the island of Röyttä south of the city center. Since icebreakers keep a fairway clear in winter , the port can be approached all year round. Mainly stainless steel from the Outokumpu plants is shipped via the port. There are no passenger connections to Tornio. In 2006, 425 ships docked, the trading volume was 1.9 million tons. This makes the port of Tornio one of the smaller seaports in Finland.

Tornio is served by Kemi-Tornio Airport. It is located in the Kemi area around 18 kilometers northwest of Tornio city center. The airlines Finnair and Finncomm Airlines offer direct flights from Helsinki-Vantaa to Kemi-Tornio. In 2007, 92,267 passengers used the airport.

Culture and sights

Cityscape

The town hall of Tornio (1874) is one of the few remaining wooden buildings in the city.

The historic town center of Tornio in the southern part of the Suensaari river island has a chessboard-like floor plan. The regular road network goes back to the reconstruction of Tornio after the city fire of 1762. Most of the original timber house development fell victim to the construction boom of the 1960s. Historical structures have only been preserved in isolated cases, otherwise unadorned functional buildings made of concrete dominate. The Juhannussaari district in the northern part of the island of Suensaari is built on with high-rise buildings from the 1970s. In the other parts of the city, single-family houses predominate.

In the villages in the rural part of Tornios some old buildings have been preserved. The valley of the Tornionjoki between Tornio and Ylitornio , lined with old farmsteads, pastures and fields, is considered a valuable cultural landscape . At the Kukkolankoski -Stromschnellen where today whitefish in the traditional way with landing nets are caught, there is an old fishing area with timbered storehouses. Together with the Aavasaksa in Ylitornio, the Tornio Valley officially belongs to the 27 national landscapes of Finland .

Buildings

The church of Tornio with the bells in the foreground

The architecturally most important attraction of Tornio is the church of Tornio , built between 1684 and 1686 . The single-nave wooden church with a slender steeple and free-standing bell stack represents the type of pillar church that is common on the west coast of Finland and is one of the most valuable Finnish church buildings of the 17th century. In 1736/37 the French Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis used the church tower of Tornio as a measuring point for his degree measurement , through which he tried to determine the size and shape of the earth. A little off the center is the church of Alatornio . In its current form, the classicist building with the floor plan of a Greek cross with equal arms was created in the years 1794–1797, but it goes back to a medieval stone church from around 1500, which was built into the eastern cross arm. In 1842 the steeple of the church of Alatornio was used by the German astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve as a measuring point for his geodetic measurements. As part of the Struve Arch , the Church of Alatornio has been on the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2005 . In the village of Karunki there is a wooden cruciform church built between 1815 and 1817. In addition, in the center of Tornio is the Orthodox Peter and Paul Church, built in 1884 in Russian style using wood .

Among the historically most valuable wooden houses that have been preserved in the town center of Tornio are the old town hall from 1874 and the mayor's house (also: Puistola ), which was built in 1866 as a residence for the then mayor Frans Julius Cederman.

Museums

Tornio is home to two museums. The Tornio Valley Provincial Museum ( Tornionlaakson maakuntamuseo ) presents the history of the Tornionjoki region. It was founded in 1914 and has been owned by the city of Tornio since 1975. The museum's collections include 17,500 exhibits, mainly folklore objects such as historical furniture and tools. The Aine Art Museum ( Aineen taidemuseo ), founded in 1986, emerged from the private collection of the businessman Veli Aine and is also maintained by the city of Tornio. In addition to changing exhibitions, the museum shows Finnish art from the 19th and 20th centuries, including works by well-known artists such as Helene Schjerfbeck , Werner Holmberg and Akseli Gallen-Kallela .

Regular events

The Peräpohjola market ( Peräpohjolan markkinat ) takes place three times a year (in June, July and August) in Tornio . The historical market in the ambience of the 19th century attracts around 15,000 visitors. Tornio Week ( Tornioviikko ) is celebrated on the anniversary of the city's foundation in May . Every summer there are two music festivals in Tornio and Haparanda: the jazz and blues festival Kalottjazz & Blues and Rajasoitto, a festival for folk music, folk dance and accordion music .

sons and daughters of the town

literature

  • Ilkka Mäntylä: Tornion kaupungin historia, 1st osa 1621–1809 . Tornio historiatoimikunta, Tampere 1971. (Finnish)
  • Ilkka Teerijoki: Tornion historia, 2. 1809–1918 . Tornion maakuntamuseo, Tornio 2007, ISBN 978-952-99540-2-5 . (Finnish)

Web links

Commons : Tornio  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Maanmittauslaitos (Finnish land surveying office): Suomen pinta-alat kunnittain January 1, 2010 . (PDF; 199 kB)
  2. Statistical Office Finland: Table 11ra - Key figures on population by region, 1990-2018
  3. a b City of Tornio: Kylät ja kaupunginosat Torniossa ( Memento of the original from April 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Finnish) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tornio.fi
  4. City of Tornio: Tilastotietoja Torniosta ( Memento of the original from February 13, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Finnish) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tornio.fi
  5. Finnish Institute of Meteorology: Talven lumista ja lumisuudesta (Finnish)
  6. Matti Enbuske: Lapin asuttamisen historia . In: Ilmo Massa, Hanna Snellman (eds.) Lappi - Maa, kansat, kulttuurit , Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, Helsinki 2003. Here p. 40 f.
  7. J. Vahtola: Tornion nimi ja tausta asutushistoriallinen sen. Eripainossarja 27. Oulun yliopisto, historian laitos, Oulu 1976.
  8. Heikki Kerkelä: Teollistuva Lappi osana maailmantaloutta . In: Ilmo Massa, Hanna Snellman (eds.) Lappi - Maa, kansat, kulttuurit , Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, Helsinki 2003. Here p. 150.
  9. Jouko Vahtola: Tornio - vuosisatojen portti Lappiin ja länteen. Uuteen nousuun. ( Memento of November 24, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) (Finnish)
  10. Jouko Vahtola: Tornio - vuosisatojen portti Lappiin ja länteen. 1900-luvun rajakaupunki. ( Memento of November 24, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) (Finnish)
  11. Tilastokeskus (Finnish Statistics Office)  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / pxweb2.stat.fi  
  12. Ilkka Mäntylä: Torneå - staden , in: O. Hederyd and Y. Alamäki (eds.): Tornedalens historia II , Haparanda 1993, here p. 252.
  13. a b As of December 31, 2006, source: Tilastokeskus (Finnish Statistics Office)  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / pxweb2.stat.fi  
  14. Finnish Ministry of Justice: Result of the 2008 local elections
  15. Website of the På Gränsen - Rajalla project ( Memento of the original from June 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pagransen.com
  16. City of Tornio: Tilastotietoja Tornio 2007 , p. 7 ff. ( Memento of the original from April 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Finnish) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tornio.fi
  17. Finnish Ministry of Labor: Työttömyyslukuja TE-keskuksittain ja kunnittain keskimäärin vuonna 2006 (PDF; 54 kB)
  18. MTV3: Provincia Bothniensis - tulevaisuuden kaupunki ilman rajoja. November 18, 2004 (Finnish)
  19. Finnish Port Association: Vessel traffic 2006 ( Memento of the original from October 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Goods traffic 2006 ( Memento of the original from October 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.finnports.com @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.finnports.com
  20. Finavia (Finnish airport authority) ( Memento of the original from June 19, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.finavia.fi
  21. City of Tornio: Peräpohjolan markkinat Torniossa (Finnish)
This article was added to the list of excellent articles on March 19, 2008 in this version .