Heiner Gschwendt

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Heiner Gschwendt (born March 6, 1914 in Bozen , Austria-Hungary ; † March 27, 2011 in Klausen ) was a South Tyrolean painter and graphic artist.

Life

Heiner Gschwendt attended from 1925 to 1933, the School of the Franciscans in Bolzano and then graduated from the Graduate of the Italian classical school. He then attended the State School for Applied Arts with Emil Preetorius and the Art Academy with Olaf Gulbransson in Munich . He also showed himself for the first time as an artist by illustrating works by German poets (e.g. by Eduard Mörike and Hermann Löns ). In 1936 he was a visitor to the Nazi party rally in Nuremberg .

At the end of 1937 Heiner Gschwendt returned to Bozen. There he was politically committed to the German people in South Tyrol, which he saw endangered by fascism . In addition, he was also active in the National Socialist Völkischer Kampfring of South Tyrol and was actively involved in the South Tyrolean emigration to the Third Reich .

In February 1941 Gschwendt married Steffi Nussbaumer and took over Alexander Koester's studio in Klausen. Soon after, he was drafted into the army and suffered a serious wound on the Eastern Front . When he then returned to Klausen, his daughter Gudrun was born in 1942.

After the end of the war, Gschwendt moved to Vienna , where he learned in particular the fresco technique from Sepp Mayrhuber at the art academy . After this training he moved back to Klausen and founded the South Tyrolean Artists Association together with several other artists . From 1948 he was more intensively involved in his freelance artistic activity (large-format murals , designs for handicrafts ).

In 1987 Gschwendt received the Walther von der Vogelweide Prize from the Kulturwerk für Südtirol / Munich. He died on March 27, 2011 in Klausen.

Works

Graphics

Heiner Gschwendt learned the art of book illustration and cover design from the academy teacher Emil Preetorius, a master of graphics . In the field of graphics, Gschwendt received his first orders as an illustrator of the works of important German poets and South Tyrolean writers .

The woodcut , both black and white and multi-colored, developed into one of the focal points in Gschwendt's artistic work, preferring large-scale forms and depicting the figures in a block-like and simplified manner. Some of his works are:

  • Option sheet , 1940. Woodcut
  • Flight into Egypt, 1958. Woodcut
  • Men and Women, 1970. Woodcut
  • Sun Angel, 1978. Color woodcut
  • Transcendence, 2003. Color woodcut

Paintings

The most important focus in Heiner Gschwendt's artistic work was the mural, whereby he was characterized by a sure feeling for the size and proportion of the respective wall surface. He created most of the wall paintings for public spaces, both in ecclesiastical and secular areas. He tried out the most varied of materials and stylistic devices. Some of his works are:

Gschwendt's third field of activity, alongside woodcuts and wall painting, was panel painting . He used oil , tempera , gouache , watercolors , emulsion paints or mixed media to paint landscape or architectural pictures as well as free compositions on canvas, wood or paper . Some of his works are:

  • Queen, 1964. Dispersion painting on wood
  • Klausen, 1983. Oil on canvas on wood
  • Rays, 1983. Oil on canvas on wood
  • Music, 1984. Watercolor and tempera on paper
  • Houses on a slope, 1995. Tempera on paper

literature

  • Mathias Frei (arrangement): Heiner Gschwendt, painter and graphic artist . Bolzano 2012.
  • Thomas Klauser: Man and the artist, grandson's funeral speech for Heiner Gschwendt . In: Der Schlern , 3/2012, pp. 108–115.
  • Heiner Gschwendt: Letters from the workshop . 2nd edition, Bozen 1997.
  • Mathias Frei: Heiner Gschwendt, painter and graphic artist . In: Der Schlern, 3/1988, pp. 123-136.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lilli Gruber : The legacy. The story of my South Tyrolean family . Translated from the Italian by Franziska Kristen. Munich: Droemer, 2013, ISBN 978-3-426-30072-5 , p. 196
  2. ↑ a b Carl Kraus , Hannes Obermair (ed.): Myths of dictatorships. Art in Fascism and National Socialism - Miti delle dittature. Art nel fascismo e nazionalsocialismo . South Tyrolean State Museum for Cultural and State History Castle Tyrol, Dorf Tirol 2019, ISBN 978-88-95523-16-3 , p. 226-227 .
  3. ↑ a b c d Frei, M .: Heiner Gschwendt, painter and graphic artist. Bolzano 2012.
  4. ↑ http://www.gemeinde.klausen.bz.it/gemeindeamt/download/Clausa_2011_9_0.pdf
  5. ↑ suedtirolnews.it ( Memento from June 19, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
personal data
SURNAME Gschwendt, Heiner
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian painter and graphic artist (South Tyrol)
DATE OF BIRTH March 6, 1914
PLACE OF BIRTH Bolzano
DATE OF DEATH March 27, 2011
Place of death Klausen