Heinrich Ferdinand of Austria-Tuscany

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Portrait of Heinrich Ferdinand in Sport & Salon (1900)

Heinrich Ferdinand Salvator of Austria-Tuscany (born February 13, 1878 in Salzburg , Austria ; † May 21, 1969 ibid) from the House of Habsburg-Lothringen ( Habsburg-Lothringen-Tuscany line ) was Archduke of Austria, officer, painter and photographer. With a wide range of technical and artistic interests and training, he served as an officer until the end of the First World War and then retired to Salzburg as an artist.

Life

Place of birth: Tuscany wing of the Salzburg Residence

The Archduke was baptized in the full name of Heinrich Ferdinand Salvator Maria Joseph Leopold Karl Ludwig Pius Albert Rupert Katharina von Ricci of Austria-Toscana . He was the fourth son of the former Grand Duke Ferdinand IV of Tuscany (1835–1908) from his marriage to Alix (1849–1935), daughter of Duke Charles III. from Parma . After the loss of rule over the Grand Duchy of Tuscany , which became part of the Italian nation-state , Ferdinand IV, the last nominal Grand Duke, went into exile in Austria. Franz Joseph I , the closely related Austrian emperor, left a wing of the Salzburg residence to Ferdinand IV and his family , which was then called the Tuscany wing . Heinrich Ferdinand von Habsburg Lothringen, Archduke of Austria, was born here as the sixth child in 1878.

Heinrich Ferdinand received (in his parents' house until 1891) “a remarkably modern Italian upbringing” in many of the concerns and languages ​​of the Habsburg Monarchy, as his granddaughter Helvig Jordis von Lohhausen describes technical talent ”traced the emerging developments at the time. He learned photography, bookbinding and botany by himself, and was a pioneer in driving a car in the Alps and flying a balloon. He developed his photographs himself and constructed sundials; he composed for the zither and drew books for his children; since 1890 he recorded all important life events and extensive journeys in sketchbooks.

These investigations were interrupted by the officers' service; from 1891 he attended the military high school in Mährisch Weißkirchen and then until 1897 the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt . In 1897 Heinrich Ferdinand became a member of the Habsburg House Order of the Golden Fleece . In 1903 he graduated from the corps school in Innsbruck and was then first lieutenant in the 6th Dragoon Regiment . From 1903 Heinrich Ferdinand lived in an apartment in the Innsbruck Hofburg . Between 1906 and 1914 he took a leave of absence from military service for health reasons and devoted himself to other wide-ranging interests in Munich , Enns and Vienna - accompanied by his future wife. He continued his artistic training, which he had already begun while serving in the army - in etching with William Unger and in watercolor with Eduard Zetsche . On December 7, 1907, he had appointed Alexander Wassilko von Serecki to be his chamberlain.

On the Canal Construction Debate Eduard Faber: Existing and Planned Waterways in Germany (1903)

During the First World War , Heinrich Ferdinand served in various theaters of war in Galicia and Northern Italy. His military operation offered Karl Kraus in The Last Days of Mankind cause for mockery:

The first : Archduke Karl Stephan unfolds a restless activity, Archduke Heinrich Ferdinand performs tiring reporting rides, Archduke Maximilian has moved in ... and everyone is fearless.
The second : Truly a rich bouquet of laurels.

Heinrich Ferdinand took a political position in his work on The Central European Waterway and in a newspaper article in 1917: He advocated the construction of canals between the North Sea and the Danube and described the Danube as "the inland waterway of the future" in order to highlight the lack of connection to the world's oceans to point out what intervened in the ongoing Central Europe debate up to and including the Greater German unification of the two German-speaking empires. He was appointed major general on August 16, 1917 , on leave on February 2, 1918, and decommissioned on December 1, 1918. This ended his military career.

The family lived in Flederbachschlössl from 1919
Portrait photo from the 1930s

In a declaration in 1919, as required by Section 2 of the Habsburg Law , he waived all political or financial claims against the Republic of Austria . Since then, Heinrich Ferdinand, who is said to have been “public shy and personal restraint”, has led “a simple and withdrawn life with his family” in the Flederbachschlössl in Parsch (Salzburg) acquired in 1912 . There he devoted himself to his artistic interests: he promoted the Salzburger Kunstverein , emerged in landscape painting and etching and since then has earned part of his livelihood (in addition to the officer's pension) by selling his works.

Heinrich Ferdinand died in Salzburg in 1969 at the age of 91. His granddaughter Helvig Jordis von Lohausen presented the Salzburg Museum with the extensive estate in 2009, which consists of around 500 watercolors, 1000 drawings, 50 technical devices and 80 photo albums.

Marriage and offspring

The Archduke had a relationship with the bourgeois Caecilie Obermayer, which was resolved in August 1907 by paying compensation of 100,000 thalers. On November 29, 1919 in Munich, he married Maria Karoline Ludescher (1883–1981), daughter of Johann-Georg Ludescher and Barbara Prantl - also a non- status relationship that was therefore not recognized under the Habsburg house law . He had the following children with Maria Karoline:

  • Heinrich Count of Habsburg-Lothringen (1908–1968)
⚭ 1939 Helvig Schutte (1910–1990)
  • Ottmar Count of Habsburg-Lothringen (1910–1988)
⚭ 1944 Helene Moser (1920–1994)
  • Veronika Countess of Habsburg-Lothringen (1912-2001)

literature

  • Heinrich Fuchs: Habsburg-Lothringen, Heinrich Ferdinand von. In: ders .: The Austrian painters of the 19th century. Supplementary volume 1. H. Fuchs, Vienna 1978, p. 143.
  • Peter Laub (Red.): Archduke Heinrich Ferdinand of Habsburg-Lothringen (1878–1969). Officer - painter - photographer (= monographic series on Salzburg art. Volume 33). Salzburg Museum, Salzburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-900088-30-9 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ To the context Bernd Braun: The end of the regional monarchies in Italy. Abdication in the course of the Risorgimento. In: Susan Richter, Dirk Dirbach (ed.): Renunciation of the throne. The abdication in monarchies from the Middle Ages to modern times. Böhlau, Köln, Weimar, Wien 2010, pp. 251–266, here pp. 254–257. .
  2. ^ Toskanatrakt at the Faculty Library for Law, University of Salzburg .
  3. ↑ a b c Helvig Jordis von Lohausen: Archduke Heinrich Ferdinand of Habsburg-Lothringen. Officer, painter and photographer (1878–1969) (PDF; 463 kB). ( Memento from April 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Announcement of the lecture. In: House of Photography Burghausen. September 2, 2012; Retrieved Nov. 2, 2012.
  4. ^ A b c d Eva von Schilgen: A princely artist and entrepreneur. (PDF; 1.1 MB). In: Society . Issue 3/4, 2009, pp. 138-140.
  5. ↑ a b c Eduard Zetsche: On an etching by Archduke Heinrich Ferdinand. In: The graphic arts. Vol. 26, 1903, p. 116.
  6. ↑ Alois Jahn: The House of Habsburg. Volume 2: Appendix, the order affiliations. Part 1–3, self-published, Vienna 2001, p. 40.
  7. ↑ According to Peter Broucek (ed.): A General in the Twilight - Memories of Edmund Glaises von Horstenau. Böhlau, Graz 1980, ISBN 3-205-08740-2 , p. 163, fn. 83 , Heinrich Ferdinand was lieutenant from 1897 and captain of this regiment from 1903.
  8. ^ Lieselotte Hanzl-Wachter : Hofburg zu Innsbruck: architecture, furniture, spatial art. Representative living in the imperial apartments from Maria Theresa to Emperor Franz Joseph. Böhlau, Vienna, Cologne, Weimar 2004, ISBN 3-205-77202-4 , p. 111.
  9. ↑ a b Peter Broucek (Ed.): A General in the Twilight - Memories of Edmund Glaises von Horstenau. Böhlau, Graz 1980, ISBN 3-205-08740-2 , p. 163, fn. 83 .
  10. ^ A b c Biography on the website of the Salzburg Museum as part of the exhibition Archduke Heinrich Ferdinand von Habsburg-Lothringen (1878–1969). Officer - photographer - painter from April 10, 2009 to April 25, 2010.
  11. ^ Josef Holzapfel: William Unger. In: 1133.at. January 2005.
  12. ↑ On the operetta-like appearance of the archdukes behind the front in general Michael Epkenhans : The end of an age. European monarchs and their armies in World War I. In: Winfried Heinemann , Markus Pöhlmann (Ed.): Monarchs and their military. Military History Research Office , Potsdam 2010, ISBN 978-3-941571-07-5 , pp. 59–74, here p. 71.
  13. ↑ Karl Kraus: The last days of mankind . People and World, Berlin 1971, Chapter 5, III. Act, scene 24. Online at Projekt Gutenberg-DE since November 25, 2007.
  14. ↑ Archduke Heinrich Ferdinand: The waterway of Central Europe. 2nd Edition. Deuticke, Vienna 1917.
  15. ↑ Inland waterway and bulk freight railway. In: New Free Press . June 20, 1917 (digitized).
  16. ↑ Review of the writing, in: Montanistische Rundschau. Volume 7, 1917, p. 259.
  17. ↑ Jiří Janáč: European Coasts of Bohemia. Negotiating the Danube-Oder-Elbe Canal in a Troubled Twentieth Century. Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam 2012, ISBN 978-90-8964-501-2 , p. 43, fn. 55. Heinrich Ferdinand's writing is mentioned in Herbert Gottwald : Similarities and differences in the Central European politics of the ruling class in Germany at the turn of the century to 1918. In: Yearbook for History . ISSN  0448-1526 , Volume 15, 1977, pp. 145-189, here p. 163.
  18. ^ Antonio Schmidt-Brentano: The kk or kuk generality 1816-1918. Austrian State Archives, 1907, p. 130; slightly different information from Theodor von Zeynek: An officer in the General Staff Corps remembers. Edited by Peter Broucek. Böhlau, Vienna, Cologne, Weimar 2009, ISBN 978-3-205-78149-3 , p. 198, fn. 263.
  19. ↑ Information page Versatile talents and interests for the exhibition Archduke Heinrich Ferdinand von Habsburg-Lothringen (1878–1969). Officer - photographer - painter in the Salzburg Museum from April 10, 2009 to April 25, 2010.
  20. ^ Heinrich Fuchs: Habsburg-Lothringen, Heinrich Ferdinand von. In: ders .: The Austrian painters of the 19th century. Supplementary volume 1. H. Fuchs, Vienna 1978, p. 143.
  21. ↑ Brigitte Sokop : That Countess Larisch. Marie Louise Countess Larisch-Wallersee. Confidante of the empress - ostracized after Mayerling. 4th edition. Böhlau, Vienna, Cologne, Weimar 2006, ISBN 3-205-77484-1 , p. 356.
  22. ^ Gabriele Praschl-Bichler: Dresden and Vienna. Alliance of Dynasties. Amalthea, Vienna 2001, p. 123 f.
  23. ↑ Family tree (PDF; 100 kB) for the exhibition Archduke Heinrich Ferdinand of Habsburg-Lothringen (1878–1969). Officer - photographer - painter in the Salzburg Museum from April 10, 2009 to April 25, 2010.
personal data
SURNAME Heinrich Ferdinand of Austria-Tuscany
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Austria Tuscany, Heinrich Ferdinand Salvator Maria Joseph Leopold Karl Ludwig Pius Albert Rupert Katharina von Ricci
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian archduke and officer
DATE OF BIRTH February 13, 1878
PLACE OF BIRTH Salzburg
DATE OF DEATH May 21, 1969
Place of death Salzburg