Friedrich Kohlrausch (pedagogue)

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Friedrich Kohlrausch

Heinrich Friedrich Theodor Kohlrausch (born November 15, 1780 in Landolfshausen , † January 30, 1867 in Hanover ) was a German pedagogue and Royal Hanover General School Director.

Life

Kohlrausch attended elementary school in Landolfshausen until 1789 before moving to Hanover under the care of related families. There he first went to high school (later the Ratsgymnasium ) at the market church and then attended the court school. Here are Johann Christoph Salfeld , abbot of Loccum and Kohlrausch Confirmation teacher Gottfried Less have had a not insignificant influence on him. From 1799 Kohlrausch studied theology in Göttingen, completed his exams in Hanover in 1802 and then attended the universities of Berlin, Kiel and Heidelberg as the tutor of Count Wolf von Baudissin . With his studies in Kiel Kohlrausch combined a turning away from theology, which also became clear in 1806 when he dealt with subjects such as history, literature and Roman legal history in Göttingen. At that time, he also wanted to begin a career as an academic lecturer in Göttingen. During his stay in Heidelberg the following year, Kohlrausch made contact with Heinrich Voss , Clemens Brentano and Achim von Arnim . During a subsequent trip to Switzerland, he met Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi . The gradual turn to pedagogy intensified in 1808 when, back in Göttingen, he became a listener of Johann Friedrich Herbart's colleges . At the same time, Kohlrausch also joined Herbart's "Pedagogical Society" and undertook his first attempts at writing with him, Georg Ludolf Dissen and Friedrich Thiersch . In 1810 he became a teacher in Barmen and in 1814 in Düsseldorf . From 1818 he was a school councilor in Münster , where in 1823 he introduced regular directors' conferences of all heads of higher schools, which were later taken over throughout Prussia . Between 1825 and 1829 he was the director of the Association for History and Archeology of Westphalia, Department of Münster .

In 1830 the Hanoverian government appointed Kohlrausch as high school councilor and general inspector of the learned schools. In this function (since 1864 as general school director) he standardized and reformed the higher education system of the Kingdom of Hanover , mainly based on the Prussian model. This included the introduction of an Abitur examination (1846), the standardization of spelling and the reform of the curriculum through greater consideration of the natural sciences, history and gymnastics. Kohlrausch wrote school books, especially for history lessons , which appeared in numerous editions and were translated into different languages. Kohlrausch was an extraordinary member of the Hanover State Council .

Friedrich Kohlrausch is considered the progenitor of a German family of scholars of the 19th century. His sons were Rudolf H. Arnt Kohlrausch (physicist), Friedrich Ernst Wolff Kohlrausch (1812–1895), rector of the Johanneum secondary school in Lüneburg , and the doctor Otto Kohlrausch (1811–1854). Well-known descendants are the physicist Friedrich Kohlrausch (1840–1910), author of the physics textbook “Der Kohlrausch”, the legal scientist Eduard Kohlrausch (1874–1948) and the sports medicine specialist Wolfgang Kohlrausch (1888–1980).

Fonts

Awards

literature

  • Heinrich Kämmel:  Kohlrausch, Friedrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, pp. 450-452.
  • Franz Kössler: Personal dictionary of teachers of the 19th century. Volume: Kaak-Kysaeus. Preprint. Giessen University Library, Giessen 2008 ( digitized; PDF; 8.94 MB ).
  • Karl Mench: A general school director from Landolfshausen. For the 200th birthday of the pedagogue Friedrich Kohlrausch. In: Göttinger Jahresblätter , Vol. 4 (1981), pp. 69–76.
  • Wilhelm Rothert : General Hannoversche Biography , Volume 2: In the Old Kingdom of Hanover 1814–1866 ; Hanover: Sponholtz, 1914, pp. 289-304
  • Friedrich Schödler: Friedrich Kohlrausch. Life picture of a school man. In: Allgemeine Schulzeitung , Vol. 46 (1869), Issue 12, pp. 89–91 ; Issue 13, pp. 97-101 ; Issue 14, pp. 105-108 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See his own statement in the memoirs: Friedrich Kohlrausch: Memories from my life. Hahn, Hanover 1863, p. 9 , contrary to the false information (November 5) in the article of the ADB.
  2. ↑ Karl Mench: A general principal of Landolfshausen. For the 200th birthday of the pedagogue Friedrich Kohlrausch . In: Göttinger Jahresblätter . tape 4 , 1981, ISSN  0172-861X , p. 70 .
  3. ↑ Beata Mache (Hrsg.): Impartial universal church newspaper for the clergy and the educated world class of Protestant, Catholic and Israelite Germany. (PDF; 831 kB) New ed. on behalf of the Duisburg Institute for Linguistic and Social Research and the Salomon Ludwig Steinheim Institute for German-Jewish History. Online publication after the edition Frankfurt am Main 1837. - Duisburg 2009.
personal data
SURNAME Kohlrausch, Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kohlrausch, Heinrich Friedrich Theodor (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pedagogue and Royal Hanover General School Director
DATE OF BIRTH November 15, 1780
PLACE OF BIRTH Landolfshausen
DATE OF DEATH January 30, 1867
Place of death Hanover