Henri d'Artois

Henri d'Artois, Count of Chambord (1820-1883)

Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (1817–1886)

Henri in the arms of his mother and bust of his father behind it on medal on his birth

Frohsdorf Castle in Frohsdorf near Wiener Neustadt

Henri d'Artois ( French: Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonné de Bourbon-Artois, duc de Bordeaux, comte de Chambord; born September 29, 1820 in the Palais des Tuileries , Paris , † August 24, 1883 at Frohsdorf Castle , Austria ) was after the abdication of his grandfather Charles X on August 2, 1830, was proclaimed King of France by the French Legitimists as Henry V.

Life

Henri was the posthumously born son of Charles Ferdinand de Bourbon , duc de Berry, the second son of King Charles X of France, who was murdered in Paris in 1820 , and of Princess Maria Karolina of Naples-Sicily .

Since his birth ensured the continued existence of the legitimate Bourbon dynasty , he was hailed as "a god-given child prodigy". The Richelieu Ministry wanted to buy the Chambord domain for the “child of France”, but abandoned this plan under public pressure. Therefore, an association of legitimists acquired the domain and gave it to the prince on the day of his baptism, May 1, 1821.

France 5 Francs 1831 Henri V, contender coin . Children's head l. / The royal coat of arms of France.

After the July Revolution, Charles X and his childless son, the Duke of Angoulême (Louis XIX), abdicated in favor of the underage prince, to whom the legitimist succession now depended. Henri was brought to Prague . Jesuits and the legitimist generals Alphonse-Henri d'Hautpoul and Marie Victor Nicolas de Fay de La Tour-Maubourg under the direction of Ange Hyacinthe Maxence de Damas were entrusted with his education , which is why the direction of the same became an ultramontane and absolutist.

After Charles X's death on November 6, 1836 and his uncle Ludwig Antone in 1844, Chambord was viewed by the legitimists as the rightful King Henry V. After long trips in various European countries, during which he by a fall from a horse so was injured in 1841, he retained a limp, and in 1843 Belgrave Square received a homage visit by 300 legitimists from France to England, he settled in Gorizia down and after the death of the Duke of Angoulême assumed the title of Count of Chambord.

The fortune of five million francs left by the Duke of Blacas allowed him to hold a princely court. On November 16, 1846, he married Princess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este in the Minorite Church in Bruck an der Mur and stayed at Schloss Frohsdorf near Wiener Neustadt. The marriage remained childless.

Both after the February Revolution in 1848 and after the end of the Second Empire in 1870, the legitimist party tried to raise Chambord to the throne as Henry V. In order to win the support of the Orléanists, one wanted to merge with them and secure the right to the throne for the Orléans family. Both times the attempt failed, in 1871 ultimately because of the Count's refusal to adopt the tricolor flag instead of the white national flag of the kingdom and to commit to a constitution in advance. Rather, Chambord relied solely on the clerical party, which made his accession to the throne impossible. He then preferred the life of a rich country gentleman to the French throne.

He died on August 24, 1883 in Frohsdorf and was willingly buried on September 3, 1883 in the Kostanjevica monastery in what is now the Slovenian part of Gorizia ( Slovenian Nova Gorica ). His wife, Maria Theresa von Modena-Este, lived for three years after his death in the Palazzo of Count Lantieri in Gorizia, where she died in 1886. Since Chambord left no male descendants, the older Bourbon line died out with him, and his claims to the throne were henceforth claimed by the Spanish Bourbon branch, whose current pretender to the throne is Louis Alphonse de Bourbon . The House of Orléans, which derives its own claim from Louis-Philippe (Orléanism in the narrower sense), also claims to be a legitimate successor based on Henri, since the other line than Spanish is excluded by the Treaty of Utrecht (so-called . Unionism ); whose pretender to the throne is Jean d'Orléans .

Worth knowing

Biscuit porcelain statue in the Musée des Arts décoratifs et du Design , Bordeaux

The Musée des Arts décoratifs et du Design in Bordeaux has, among other things, an extensive collection on French restoration and on Henri d'Artois, Duke of Bordeaux. The focus of the collection is a life-size statue of the prince at the age of seven made of bisque porcelain from the porcelain factory in Sèvres , a unique piece originally owned by the royal family.

literature

• The Duke of Bordeaux in England . In: Illustrirte Zeitung . No. 26 . J. J. Weber, Leipzig December 23, 1843, p. 401-402 ( books.google.de ).
• Henri comte de Chambord: Journal (1846-1883). Carnets inédits. Edité by Philippe Delorme. F.-X. de Guibert, Paris 2009, ISBN 978-2-7554-0345-9 .
• Guy Augé: Succession de France et règle nationalité. Le droit royal historique française contre l'orléanisme. DUC, Paris 1979 (special reprint from: La Légitimité. No. spéc. 1979, ISSN  0153-2243 ).
• Jean-François Chiappe: Le Comte de Chambord et son mystère. Perrin, Paris 1999, ISBN 2-262-01522-8 .
• Emil Regnault: a Christian prince. Henry of France, Count of Chambord. Born in Paris on September 29, 1820, died in Frohsdorf in Lower Austria on August 24, 1883. Verlag Styria, Graz 1885.
• Hugues Trousset: La légitimité dynastique en France. Editions Roissard, Grenoble 1987, ISBN 2-85111-006-3 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Little Chronicle. (...) The wedding of Count Chambord. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Abendblatt, August 27, 1883, p. 1, bottom center. (Online at ANNO ).
2. ↑ † Count Chambord. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Abendblatt, August 24, 1883, p. 2 f. (Online at ANNO ). , and
   † Heinrich V .. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, August 25, 1883, p. 1 f. (Online at ANNO ). .
3. ↑ Count Chambord (…) Gorizia. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, August 31, 1883, p. 9, bottom left. (Online at ANNO ).
4. ↑ † Count Chambord. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, August 25, 1883, p. 4 middle. (Online at ANNO ).
5. ^ Genealogy of the houses of Bourbon and Orléans. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, August 25, 1883, p. 3 middle. (Online at ANNO ).

Remarks

1. ↑ One of his brothers, Archduke Karl Ludwig or Archduke Ludwig Viktor , was initially intended to represent Emperor Franz Joseph I. - See: Telegrams of the "New Free Press". (...) Trieste. (...) The corpse of Count Chambord (...). In:  Neue Freie Presse , Abendblatt, August 30, 1883, p. 3, center. (Online at ANNO ). . Ultimately, Oberststallmeister general of the cavalry Prince Emmerich von Thurn und Taxis (1820–1900) acted instead of the emperor. - See: The funeral of Count Chambord. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, September 4, 1883, p. 7, top center. (Online at ANNO ). . Prince Archbishop Alois Zorn took care of the church ceremony at the funeral service . - See: Count Chambord. (...) Trieste. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Abendblatt, September 1, 1883, p. 3, center right. (Online at ANNO ). .
   
   
2. ↑ The princes of Orléans , including the Count of Paris , (Louis-) Philippe d'Orléans , had traveled to Schloss Frohsdorf for condolence . In relation to the widow, the Count of Paris claimed to be ranked in the Gorizia funeral conduit in front of the relatives of the last French Bourbon. Since this was rejected by Countess Chambord in a very heated controversy, the princes of Orléans did not take part in the funeral. - See: The funeral of Count Chambord. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, September 4, 1883, p. 7, top center. (Online at ANNO ). .

Web links

Commons : Henri d'Artois  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Literature by and about Henri d'Artois in the catalog of the German National Library

predecessor	Office	successor
Louis Antoine de Bourbon	Head of the House of Bourbon, legitimist pretender to the throne of France 1844–1883	Juan Carlos de Borbon