HMS Quilliam
 as Mr.Ms. Banckert 1950
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HMS Quilliam was the flotilla of Q-Class of the Royal Navy in World War II and was awarded the Battle Honor Sicily in 1943 , Salerno 1943 , Mediterranean in 1943 , Sabang 1944 and Okinawa in 1945 awarded.
The destroyer damaged off Okinawa was sold to the Dutch Navy in autumn 1945 . As Mr. Ms. Banckert was used in the destroyer in the Dutch East Indies and New Guinea until 1951 .
In 1957 the now obsolete ship was scrapped.
History of the ship
The Quilliam was ordered with the "3rd Emergency Flotilla" (Q or Quilliam class) with two sister ships from R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie & Co in Hebburn on the Tyne . The active start of construction of the Q and R class destroyers was delayed by the war events , as the British shipyards were heavily used by the repairs and refitting of the existing ships after the events in Norway and northern France . The keel of the new building with hull number 533, which was to become the flotilla commander of the new class, took place on August 16, 1940. The ship named after Captain John Quilliam (1771-1829) was launched on November 29, 1941. The namesake had been first lieutenant on the flagship Victory in the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 .
The flotilla leader hardly differed from the normal destroyers of the flotilla. He had an identical armament. Only the aft deckhouse was slightly larger. Launched as the third ship of the class, the first Quilliam of the Royal Navy came into service on October 22, 1942 as the fifth ship of the Q class and went to Scapa Flow for training .
Calls
The Quilliam , which was put into service, was assigned to the Home Fleet and was used in the "12th Destroyer Flotilla" in the North Western Approaches . From mid-December 1942, the WS 25 escorted troops in the Atlantic to Gibraltar , Freetown , Cape Town and Durban . The security group also consisted of the auxiliary cruisers Carnarvon Castle (20122 BRT, 1926; until the end of the year and Freetown in escort) and Cheshire (10552 BRT, 1927) and the destroyer escort Rockwood . In addition, local units were added when passing through British bases. Quilliam stayed for the time being to secure further escorts off South Africa, while the Rockwood moved across the Red Sea into the Mediterranean .
The destroyer accompanied the troop escorts WS27 and WS28 in part in the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean and worked with various units of the Royal Navy, including Racehorse and Rotherham of the almost identical R-class . From mid-April 1943, the destroyer returned from Durban via Freetown to the Home Fleet to be used in the planned Allied landing on Sicily ( Operation Husky ). The 4th Destroyer Flotilla also used Queenborough and Quail there .
During the operations in the Adriatic, not only were German positions on the Italian coast shot at, but enemy positions in Dalmatia and Albania were also attacked several times. Quilliam was lucky on November 15, 1943, when she called her base in Bari with Quail . Quail suffered a severe mine hit that completely incapacitated them while Quilliam reached the harbor undamaged. In the Adriatic, the Quilliam also operated successfully with the Raider .
Further missions in 1944/45
As part of the extensive reinforcements of the British Eastern Fleet in 1944, the "4th Destroyer Flotilla" with the six destroyers Quilliam , Quadrant , Quality , Queenborough , Quiberon and Quickmatch of the Q class was relocated to the Indian Ocean. However, the Australian Quiberon and Quickmatch had been in use there as escort vehicles since the end of February 1943 and the British Quadrant and Quality since September 1943.
During her time with the Eastern Fleet, Quilliam took part in three carrier operations in the spring, during which she secured the Illustrious and the American carrier Saratoga (operations diplomat , cockpit and transom ).
On June 19, 1944, the Eastern Fleet ran with the battle cruiser Renown , the French battleship Richelieu , the carrier Illustrious and the cruisers Nigeria , Kenya and Ceylon in the Indian Ocean, to the Japanese base in Port Blair on the Andaman Islands with carrier aircraft on the 21st attack (Operation Pedal). The federation's safety shield was formed by the destroyers Quilliam , Quality and Rotherham of the “4th Destroyer Flotilla” and Racehorse , Relentless , Roebuck and Raider of the “11th Destroyer Flotilla”.
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In the course of Operation Crimson in July 1944, Corsair fighter-bombers from the carriers Illustrious and Victorious first attacked the airfields around Sabang on the 25th . Then four battleships, seven cruisers and seven R-class destroyers shot at Sabang and finally the Dutch cruiser Tromp with the destroyers Quilliam , Quality and the Australian Quickmatch penetrated the port. The group fired eight torpedoes as well as 208 × 15 cm, 717 × 12 cm and 668 × 10.2 cm shells on ships and port facilities. From Japanese coastal batteries, Tromp received four, Quilliam and Quality one hit each. The Allied attackers were able to withdraw.
The Quilliam's last major action on the Eastern Fleet was Operation Millet against the Nicobar Islands , where they participated in the night bombardment of Car Nicobar on October 18, 1944 by Renown , Suffolk , Raider and Queenborough .
On November 22, 1944, the British Eastern Fleet was split into two fleets. The smaller remained as the East Indies Fleet in the Indian Ocean , while the larger part was to be relocated to the Pacific as the British Pacific Fleet (BPF) . Quilliam and the "4th Destroyer Flotilla" were assigned to the BPF and relocated to Australia in December 1944.
In January 1945 the Quilliam in Australia was equipped for use with the American fleet in Australia. Your ID changed from G09 to D22 in line with the American system .
In the Battle of Okinawa , the BPF was used for the first time as "Task Force 57" under American high command.
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Quilliam probably only took part in the second period of deployment of the BPF off Okinawa from May 1, 1945 together with Quickmatch , Quiberon , Queenborough and Quality of the 4th Destroyer Flotilla . During this period of operation, the Formidable received two kamikaze hits and was released to the base before the last attacks, Indomitable suffered minor damage, and later Victorious also received another kamikaze hit.
On May 20, the Quilliam ran into fog due to inattentiveness on the Indomitable and pushed the bow in as far as the first gun. The destroyer Norman of the supply group towed the Quilliam over the stern from the area of operation of the task force and the cruiser Black Prince secured the rescue operation and temporarily took over the tow rope. The escort carrier Ruler gave air security to the tow . Partly tugs helped to secure the severely damaged destroyer, which reached the safe supply area of the BPF on the 22nd and finally Leyte on the 28th . Emergency repairs were carried out on the American base there in order to make a transfer to Australia possible. The repatriation of the makeshift repaired Quilliam began on July 9th, and then in August, before the end of the war, via the Panama Canal and Bermuda to Chatham .
The ship, which arrived at home in September 1945, was to be repaired at Chatham Dockyard from October . However, it was sold to the Royal Navy in a damaged condition .
Delivery to the Dutch Navy
Quilliam was one of six Q-class destroyers that survived World War II. The Royal Australian Navy had already taken over two of the ships on loan upon completion and in 1945 also took over the three other destroyers of this class that were in the Pacific theater at the end of the war. Quilliam was the only ship of the class that was back in Europe. The damaged ship was sold to the Dutch Navy on November 21, 1945 and sold to Mr. Ms. Banckert was renamed and eventually received the identifier D801 . The last name of Bankert was a destroyer of the 2nd group of the Admiral class from 1929 to 1942. The namesake of the two destroyers was the Dutch admiral Adriaen van stairs Banckert , who died in 1684 . The repair of the former HMS Quilliam was carried out in the Netherlands according to Dutch rules. The bow section was completely renewed before the destroyer was relocated to the Dutch East Indies on June 22, 1946 .
The Banckert was used against the revolutionary forces in the Indonesian War of Independence . They placed ships that wanted to supply the revolutionaries with weapons and shelled their positions e.g. B. at Sibolga on the west coast of Sumatra in May 1947. She also participated in the renewed Dutch occupation of Tegal on Java on July 26th. From August 18 to September 20, 1948, the destroyer marched back to Den Helder to be overtaken in the Netherlands. After completion of the work, Banckert moved again to Surabaya in autumn 1949 , where she arrived on December 25, 1949 and, after the Dutch recognition of Indonesia's independence on December 27, 1949, remained stationed until December 9, 1950. Then the destroyer moved to Hollandia (today Jayapura ), the capital of the Dutch colony of Dutch New Guinea that remained in the Netherlands . The continued existence of Dutch sovereignty was pointed out with a tour of the colonial area. On August 20, 1951, Banckert left Southeast Asia and on her return was assigned to the European School Squadron of the Dutch Navy in Den Helder.
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The destroyer took part in a training voyage of the squadron in the Mediterranean in 1952, visiting Weymouth , Gibraltar , Valletta , Valencia , Algiers , Casablanca , Lisbon and El Ferrol . The participants of this trip also included the aircraft carrier Karel Doorman , the two frigates de Zeeuw and van Zijll of the American Cannon class and two submarines. Further training assignments in 1952 led the Banckert to Greenock and Hull .
Destroyer's final fate
The Banckert , which no longer met modern standards, was decommissioned on October 19, 1956 and on February 1, 1957, the destroyer was sold to a Belgian company for demolition.
literature
- Maurice Cocker: Destroyers of the Royal Navy, 1893-1981 , Ian Allen (1983), ISBN 0-7110-1075-7 .
- Norman Friedman: British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War , Seaforth Publishing (Barnsley 2009), ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9 .
- Antony Preston: Destroyers , Hamlyn, ISBN 0-60032955-0 .
- Alan Raven, John Roberts: War Built Destroyers O to Z Classes , Bivouac Books, London 1978, ISBN 0-85680-010-4 .
- MJ Whitley: Destroyers of World War 2 , Naval Institute Press, Annapolis 1988, ISBN 0-87021-326-1 .
Web links
- Quilliam 1942 on tynebuiltships
- Service History HMS Quilliam (G09) - Q-class Flotilla Leader on naval-history.net
- HMS Quilliam (G 09) on uboat.net
- Banckert D 801
- Torpedo boat hunter Mr.Ms. Banckert (1945-1956)
- Britse destroyers voor de Nederlandse marine, Q-class torpedo boat hunters
- Mr. Ms. Banckert bijt van zich af
- Patrol on board of Mr. Ms. Banckert
- BANCKERT destroyer (1941/1945) on navypedia
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e HMS Quilliam (G 09) - Q-class Flotilla Leader
- ↑ Rohwer: naval warfare , 11.- 01.31.1944 Indian Ocean, reinforcement of the British Eastern Fleet.
- ↑ Rohwer: naval warfare , 22.- 07.27.1944 Indian Ocean, Operation Crimson .
- ↑ Rohwer: naval warfare , 15.- 19.10.1944 Indian Ocean, operation Millet .
- ↑ Rohwer: naval warfare , 3.- 29/05/1945 Central Pacific, continuation of operations at Okinawa.
- ^ Nederlands Instituut voor Militaire Historie
- ↑ Torpedo boat hunter Mr.Ms. Banckert (1945-1956), even voor binnenlopen Casablanca.
Remarks
- ↑ Quail was later towed to Taranto and sank in tow on May 18, 1944 on the way from Taranto to Malta, where repairs could be carried out if necessary.
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↑ The Dutch navy had lost all of its destroyers built in local shipyards during the Second World War by November 13, 1942 ( Isaak Sweers ). Van Galen and Tjerk Hiddes of the N-class were bought
from British production as early as 1942 , in 1945/46 three S-class destroyers followed - two of them with Kortenaer and Piet Hein came into service before the Banckert - and finally another destroyer of the Royal Navy in 1950 with the test ship Marnix ex Garland .
