Hradčany (Ralsko)
| Hradčany | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Liberecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Česká Lípa | ||||
| Municipality : | Ralsko | ||||
| Area : | 2512.5701 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 37 ' N , 14 ° 42' E | ||||
| Height: | 270 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 142 (March 1, 2001) | ||||
| Postal code : | 471 24 | ||||
| License plate : | L. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Doksy - Mimoň | ||||
Hradčany , until 1948 Kummer , is a district of the city of Ralsko in the Czech Republic . It is located five kilometers southwest of the city center of Mimoň and belongs to the Okres Česká Lípa .
geography
Hradčany is located in the Kummer Mountains on the lower reaches of the Hradčanský creek before its confluence with the Ploučnice . The Liščí vrch ( Fuchsberg , 321 m) rises to the north, the Červený vrch (299 m), the Borová (360 m) and the Bor (361 m) to the east, and the Víšek ( Wischken , 308 m) to the southeast , the Malá Buková ( Kleiner Buchberg , 431 m) and the Velká Buková ( Großer Buchberg , 474 m), south of the Bahno ( Bahumberg , 328 m) and the Pec ( Petzberg , 451 m), in the southwest of the Jindřichův kopec ( Heinrichsberg , 357 m), to the west of the Dub ( Eichberg , 458 m), the Mufloní vrch (339 m), the Vysoký vrch ( Great Mountain , 387 m) and the Jelení vrch ( Hirschberg , 320 m) and northwest of the Jelení vršek ( Hirschhübel , 307 m). To the southwest lies the sandstone rock area Hradčanské stěny ( Bornkamm ), on the southeastern edge of the village the Hradčanský rybník ( Kummer pond ). To the east is the former Hradčany military airfield. Road II / 270 between Doksy and Mimoň runs through Hradčany .
Neighboring towns are Boreček in the north, Ploužnice and Hvězdov in the Northeast, Skelná Huť in the east, Kuřívody and deserted villages Trojzubec ( three-point ) and Strážov in the southeast, Břehyně in the south, Doksy and Old Splavy in the southwest, Dvojdomí, Jestřebí , Provodín , Brana and Srní in the west and Veselí, Brenná, Božíkov and Bohatice in the north-west.
history
The Kummergebirge was only sparsely populated during the early state colonization because of its dry sandstone heights and boggy, but arid ground, and formed a dividing line between the German and Czech settlement areas. The area, which was largely made up of pine forests, was part of the Great Zoo, which almost entirely enclosed the rulers of Hirschberg , Weißwasser and Münchengrätz . At the eastern foot of the rocky ridges, the Old Kummer Road ( Hradčanská cesta ) led from the Eichelberg ( Dubová hora ) through the moorland of the desert pond ( Pustý rybník ) to the Kummergrund and along the Ploučnice via Brenná to Leipa .
The first written evidence of Kummer came in 1711 when a board mill on the Ploučnice was mentioned. Later a small settlement was built on the dam of the Kummerteich, whose inhabitants lived from wood processing. After the Prussian General von Möllendorff occupied the strategically favorable height at the Mickenhaner Steinen during the War of the Bavarian Succession in July 1778 and set up camp there for some time, Emperor Joseph II had fortifications built in the Kummergebirge in autumn 1778. A redoubt was built in the Langen Grund ( Dlouhá rokle ) southwest of Kummer , which was connected via the Kanonenweg with the Kaiser-Josephs-Schanzen on the Long Mountain ( Dlouhý vrch ) near Mickenhan . When Ernst von Waldstein-Wartenberg inherited his father's lordship in 1797, he had the Great Zoo closed. When the advance guard of the French troops advanced from Zittau to Leipa in 1813 , the fortifications were repaired and expanded. Because of the damage caused by the large game population, Ernst von Waldstein-Wartenberg had the forests of the Haider, Kummerer and Thamer Reviers belonging to the Hirschberg rulership again cultivated as a zoo, the main entrance of which was the Heutor on the Lange Berg. Part of the village of Kummer was within the zoo. In 1832 Christian von Waldstein-Wartenberg inherited the dominions.
In 1832 Kummer consisted of 78 houses with 501 German-speaking residents. There was a school, an inn, a sheep farm and a grinder with a board saw in the village. Offside was the Jägerhaus Neubrücke with another board saw from the authorities. Vicarage was Niemes . In 1846 the Eichberg forester's house was built not far from the Heutore in the zoo. Until the middle of the 19th century, the village remained subject to the allodial rule of Hirschberg.
After the abolition of patrimonial Kummer formed a community in the Bunzlauer Kreis and judicial district of Niemes from 1850 . From 1868 Kummer belonged to the Bohemian Leipa district .
At the end of the 19th century, the village on the Kummerteich developed into an excursion destination. In 1903 the village of Kummer consisted of 75 houses in which 416 people lived. This included the districts of Hradschin (eight houses) and Zweihäusl (four houses) as well as the stately hunter's house in Eichberg. From 1909 the road from Hirschberg to Niemes was built, and the Dreizipfel forester's lodge was built on this opposite the entrance to Langen Grund. In 1914, the Graeflich Waldstein Forestry Office had the 26 km long, narrow-gauge Rečkov forest railway built, which ran from Dreizipfel via Straßdorf and Eierbrunn to the sawmill and paper mill in Velký Rečkov. In 1921 Kummer consisted of 83 houses with 370 inhabitants, including 361 Germans and eight Czechs. In 1930, 382 people lived in the municipality of Kummer with the district of Hradschin and the single-layer Dreizipfel ( Trojzubec ), Eichberg, Heuthor ( Brána ), Zweihäusl ( U Dvou chalup ) and Neubrück ( Nový Most ). In the resort, which was known by the unofficial marketing name Kummer am See , there was a lido that stretched around the entire Kummer pond, six hotels, as well as guest houses, villas and restaurants. After the Munich Agreement , it was incorporated into the German Reich in 1938; initially Kummer belonged to the district of Böhmisch Leipa and since May 1, 1939 to the district of Deutsch Gabel . In 1939 the community had 391 inhabitants. In March 1945, the construction of an airfield began on the Kummerfeld near Zweihäusl, which was damaged in US air raids and was only completed by the Czechoslovak Army after the end of World War II.
After the end of World War II, Kummer returned to Czechoslovakia. In 1946 and 1947, most of the German-Bohemian residents were expelled. In 1948 the place was renamed Hradčany and came back to Okres Česká Lípa . At the same time the area was evacuated because of the establishment of the Ralsko military training area . The forest railway stopped operating in 1950. In contrast to most places in the military area, Hradčany was not completely destroyed; the place remained as a housing estate for employees of the military forest enterprise and officers, but fell into disrepair. After the Prague Spring 1968, the Red Army used the site until 1991. The runway of the Hradčany military airfield was expanded in the 1980s to a length of 2700 meters and width of 90 meters, so that the airfield at the Baikonur spaceport was to serve as a replacement landing pad for the Soviet space shuttle Buran in bad weather .
After the withdrawal of the Soviets, Hradčany has been part of the Ralsko municipality since January 1, 1992 . Of the recreational objects, only the Hotel Pláž has survived. The airfield is now partially used as a sports airfield, in 1999 it was the venue for the CzechTek . It was also the location for the films Dark Blue World and Stalingrad . In 2001, Hradčany consisted of 41 houses in which 142 people lived. In total, the place consists of 76 houses. The basic settlement unit Hradčany-sídliště was assigned to the district Ploužnice in the course of the reorganization of the urban area on July 14, 2010.
The pond area at Hradčanský potok has been protected as a nature reserve Hradčanské rybníky since 1933 and 1967 on an area of 158 ha . The Černý rybník, Vavrouškův rybník, Strážovský rybník and the Držník are located in it.
Local division
The district of Hradčany is part of the cadastral district of Hradčany nad Ploučnicí. This is divided into the basic settlement units Hradčany and Hradčany-sídliště, the latter belonging to the Ploužnice district since 2010.
Attractions
- Sandstone rock area Hradčanské Stěny with Sance ( redoubt ) and sandstone formations Psí kostel ( dog Church ), Skalní Brana ( Frauentor ) Havraní scale ( Rabe rock ) and Tvarožník ( Quargelstein ) and viewpoint Hradčanská vyhlídka
- Jeřáb nature trail
- Hradčanský rybník
- 30 m high mountain elm with a trunk circumference of 3.55 m, tree monument
- Information center of the state enterprise Vojenské lesy a statky ČR, sp (VLS) with an exhibition on the history of the military training area as well as forestry, geology, sights, flora and fauna in the Ralská pahorkatina
- Chapel on the village square
- Niche chapel on the road to Mimoň
Web links
- Description on anikleralsko.cz
- Description on ralsko.wz.cz
- Website of the information center of the VLS
Individual evidence
- ↑ uir.cz
- ↑ zakonyprolidi.cz
- ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer , Franz Xaver Maximilian Zippe: The Kingdom of Böhmen. Volume 2. Bunzlauer Kreis. JG Calve'schen Buchhandlung, Prague 1834, p. 180.
- ↑ joachim-richter.de
- ^ Jan Kobr: Rečkovská lesní dráha procházela celým Ralskem . Czech article on a publicly accessible display on Mariánská cesta on the area of the former Ralsko military training area. Ed .: State forest enterprise Vojenské lesy a statky ČR [VLS]. 2015.
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. sud_dgabel.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ czso.cz (PDF).
- ↑ regionalni-rozvoj.kraj-lbc.cz