Chinese holly

Chinese holly
	Chinese holly ( Ilex cornuta )
Systematics
	Asterids
	Euasterids II
Order :	Holly (aquifoliales)
Family :	Holly family (Aquifoliaceae)
Genre :	Holly ( Ilex )
Type :	Chinese holly
Scientific name
	Ilex cornuta
	Lindl. & Paxton

The Ilex cornuta ( Ilex cornuta ) is a plant from the genus of holly ( Ilex ) within the family of holly plants (Aquifoliaceae). The natural range is in China and Korea. The Chinese holly is sometimes used as an ornamental shrub because of its decorative fruits.

description

Flowers and leaves

Different leaf shape

More leaf shape

tribe

fruits still unripe

Vegetative characteristics

The Chinese holly is an evergreen, densely branched, rounded shrub or small tree with heights of 0.6, usually 1 to 4 meters. Young twigs are furrowed longitudinally, glabrous or lightly downy-haired along the furrow. Older twigs are gray-white, almost round, finely fissured, with protruding leaf scars , without cork pores .

The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf stalk is 4 to 8 millimeters long, narrowly furrowed on top and slightly downy hairy. With a length of 4 to 9 centimeters and a width of 2 to 4 centimeters, the simple, thick leathery leaf blade is oblong-rectangular or rarely egg-shaped, with a leaf tip often tapering back with a spike, a rounded or almost wedge-shaped base, with entire margins or with one or two spines on each side. The upper side of the leaf is dark green and shiny and the underside of the leaf is greenish and lighter. There are five to six pairs of nerves , the midrib on the upper side of the leaf is sunk.

Generative characteristics

The bundled zymous inflorescences grow laterally on biennial branches . The bracts are egg-shaped, hairy, ciliate and have a blunt or spiky upper end.

The unisexual flowers are yellowish and four-fold. The male inflorescences are cymes of the first or second order. Your bare flower stalk is 5 to 6 millimeters long. The prophylls are broadly triangular. The calyx is disc-shaped with a diameter of about 2.5 millimeters. The membranous, sparsely haired and ciliate lobes are broad-triangular with a length of about 0.7 millimeters and a width of about 1.5 millimeters. The corolla has a diameter of about 7 millimeters. The petals are 3 to 4 millimeters long, bent back, oblong-egg-shaped and fused at the base. The stamens are as long as the petals or a little longer. The anthers are about 1 millimeter long and oblong-egg-shaped. The rudimentary ovary is almost round, with a blunt or rounded tip and indistinct four-fold lobes. The female inflorescences are cymes. The bare flower stalks are 7 to 9 millimeters long. The two bracts are broadly triangular. The calyx and corolla resemble those of the male flowers. The staminodes are slightly shorter than the petals, the sterile anthers are egg-shaped-arrow-shaped. The ovary is elongated-ovoid with a length of 3 to 4 millimeters and a diameter of 2 millimeters. The scar is disc-shaped and four-lobed.

The fruit stalk is 1.3 to 1.4 inches long. The fruits are round, 8 to 10 millimeters in size and red. The permanent calyx is square. The permanent scar is disc-shaped and clearly four-lobed. The four stone cores are 7 to 8 millimeters long and about 5 millimeters in diameter, obovate or elliptical and wrinkled. The Chinese holly flowers from April to May, the fruits ripen from August to December.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 38.

Occurrence

The natural range of Ilex cornuta is on the Korean Peninsula and in the Chinese provinces of Anhui , Beijing , Fujian , Guangdong , Hainan , Henan , Hubei , Hunan , Jiangsu , Jiangxi , Shandong , Tianjin and Zhejiang .

The Chinese holly grows in China on bushes, in sparse forests, on hills and along rivers and roads at altitudes of 100 to 1900 meters. It thrives best on moderately dry to fresh, slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, sandy-loamy, loamy or sandy-humic, moderately nutrient-rich soils in light to partially shaded locations. Ilex cornuta loves warmth and is only moderately frost hardy . The distribution area is assigned to winter hardiness zone 7b with mean annual minimum temperatures of −14.9 to −12.3 ° C (+5 to +10 ° F).

Illustration from L'Illustration horticole , plate 010

Systematics

The first publication of Ilex cornuta was made in 1850 by John Lindley and Joseph Paxton in Paxton's Flower Garden , Volume 1, 3, page 43, figure 27. The epithet cornuta comes from Latin and means "horned". Synonyms are Ilex burfordii S.R. Howell , Ilex fortunei Lindl. , Ilex furcata Lindl. , Ilex cornuta var. Burfordii De France , Ilex cornuta var. Fortunei (Lindl.) SYHu .

The species Ilex cornuta belongs to the genus Ilex .

use

The Chinese holly is rarely used as an ornamental shrub because of its remarkable fruits .

proof

literature

Shu-kun Chen, Haiying Ma, Yuxing Feng, Gabrielle Barriera, Pierre-André Loizeau: Aquifoliaceae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 11: Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3 : Ilex cornuta , p. 389 - the same text online as the printed work.
Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 349.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 349.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Shu-kun Chen, Haiying Ma, Yuxing Feng, Gabrielle Barriera, Pierre-André Loizeau: Aquifoliaceae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 11: Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3 : Ilex cornuta , p. 389 - the same text online as the printed work.
^ Ilex cornuta at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
↑ ^a ^b ^c Ilex cornuta in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
↑ ^a ^b Ilex cornuta at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed September 8, 2012.
↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , 303 (reprint from 1996). P. 178.

Web links

Commons : Chinese Holly ( Ilex cornuta ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Ilex cornuta at Plants For A Future . Retrieved September 8, 2012.

[Bärtels2008-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 349.

[FoC-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Shu-kun Chen, Haiying Ma, Yuxing Feng, Gabrielle Barriera, Pierre-André Loizeau: Aquifoliaceae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 11: Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3 : Ilex cornuta , p. 389 - the same text online as the printed work.

[IPCN-3] Ilex cornuta at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[GRIN-4] Ilex cornuta in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 8, 2012.

[Tropicos-5] Ilex cornuta at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed September 8, 2012.

[Genaust1996-6] Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , 303 (reprint from 1996). P. 178.