Ilyushin Il-10
| Ilyushin Il-10 | |
|---|---|
 License sample B-33 in the Museum of the Polish Army in Warsaw |
|
| Type: | Attack aircraft |
| Design country: | |
| Manufacturer: | |
| First flight: |
April 18, 1944 |
| Commissioning: |
1944 |
| Production time: |
1944 to 1955 |
| Number of pieces: |
6166 (4966 Il-10 + 1,200 B-33) |
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The Ilyushin Il-10 ( Russian Ильюшин Ил-10 , NATO code name : Beast ) was a single-engine armored Soviet attack aircraft . It was developed as a successor to the Il-2 Schturmowik before the end of World War II .
development
At the beginning of the development there was a demand from January 1942 for a successor to the Il-2. The Ilyushin design office therefore developed several models by 1944, first the Il-8 , which was still very similar to its predecessor and flew for the first time in 1943. The next was the single-seat Il-1 fighter-bomber after a request to combat the German bomber formations up to an operating altitude of 4000 meters. For this purpose, the fuselage of the Il-2 was completely redesigned and the cockpit equipment was modernized. The chassis received different struts and could now be completely retracted, with the main wheels pivoted by about 90 °, so that the large fairings of the predecessor could be omitted. The aircraft received a more powerful engine and an aerodynamically more favorable arrangement of the water and oil cooler inside the fuselage with intake ducts in the wing roots. Instead of the previously preferred wood-metal composite construction, an all-metal construction was now used. At the same time, the Il-10 was created as a two-seater parallel design, in which these changes were also made and which competed with Pawel Suchoi's twin-engine Su-8 . In addition, work continued on the Il-8, in whose second prototype the improvements were also incorporated. The Il-10 was the first to reach the test stage and completed its maiden flight on April 18, 1944 with test pilot Vladimir Kokkinaki under the designation ZKB-33 . The Il-1 flew as ZKB-32 almost exactly one month later on May 19. It could not convince, as its performance at the higher altitudes for which it was actually designed was not considered sufficient. The Il-10, however, turned out to be a successful design and on August 23, 1944, the order for series production was placed. The second Il-8 prototype flew in October and in some cases achieved better performance than the Il-10, but by that time production had already started at Plant No. 412 in Rostov-on-Don . When the Il-20 attack aircraft was rejected for series production, the modernized Il-10M was created in 1951 , externally recognizable by the angular wing ends and the elongated fuselage.
construction
The Il-10 was made in all-metal half-shell construction. As with the Il-2 , importance was attached to strong armoring of the important parts such as the engine and cockpit. The fuel tanks in the wings were also well protected. The structure was designed in a low-wing version and, like the normal tail, was self-supporting.
production
Around 100 aircraft had been built by the end of the war. Production ran until the mid-1950s and comprised 4,966 Il-10s, including the school version Il-10U equipped with dual controls . The Il-10M was produced from 1951 to 1955. Only 53 of the successor Il-16 , which was built in 1944, are said to have been built.
License production
The Czechoslovak manufacturer Avia produced a total of 1200 Il-10 under the designation B-33 (B for Bitevní letoun, attack aircraft) under license from 1951 to 1955 .
commitment
The first combat mission took place on the Soviet Western Front on February 2, 1945 in the Sprottau area .
During the Korean War it was used by the North Korean Air Force , but suffered heavy losses there due to its now outdated design.
The Il-10 also served in the air forces of Bulgaria, China, Hungary, Poland, North Korea, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. China received a total of 274 Il-10s and Il-10Ms from 1950 and used them until the end of the 1960s, including during the Taiwan crisis . Two copies were 1968 WJ-6 - PTL drives tested. The Soviet Union took their Il-10 out of the inventory in 1956, and Czechoslovakia two years later. Hungary is said to have used its aircraft during the popular uprising in October / November 1956 for operations against the Soviet intervention troops.
Incidents
On April 14, 1951, there was a mass crash of Soviet air force aircraft in the GDR . 13 Il-10M of an association of the 16th Air Army , probably the 114th Guards Battleflier Division, crashed in the area between Dahme and Luckau due to reasons that were not precisely clarified . All 26 crew members were killed in the accident.
Remaining copies
Il-10 are exhibited in the Museum of the Soviet Air Force in Monino near Moscow , the Museum of the Polish Army in Warsaw and the Chinese Aviation Museum in Beijing.
Technical specifications
| Parameter | Il-1 | Il-10 | Il-10M |
|---|---|---|---|
| crew | 1 | 2 (pilot / gunner) | |
| span | 13.40 m | 14.00 m | |
| length | 11.12 m | 11.87 m | |
| height | 4.10 m | 4.18 m | |
| Wing area | 30.0 m² | ||
| Empty mass | 4285 kg | 4650 kg | |
| Takeoff mass | 5320 kg | normal 6300 kg maximum 6535 kg |
|
| drive | a V12 gasoline engine Mikulin AM-42 with 2,000 PS (1,471 kW) | ||
| Top speed | 580 km / h at an altitude of 3260 m | 550 km / h at an altitude of 2300 m | |
| Rise time | 1.6 min at an altitude of 1000 m | k. A. | |
| Summit height | 8,600 m | practically 7,250 m | |
| Range | k. A. | maximum 800 km | |
| Armament | 2 × 23 mm MK | 2–4 × 23 mm MK WJa-23 or NS-23 1 × 20 mm MK UB 500–600 kg bombs 4 × RS-82 or RS-132 missiles |
4 × 23 mm MK NR-23 |
literature
- Rudolf Höfling: Ilyushin since 1933 . Motorbuch, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-613-03604-8 , p. 38-43 .
- P. T. Astashenko: Ilyushin and his planes . Transpress, Berlin 1976, p. 112/113 (Russian: Конструктор легендарных илов . Moscow 1970. Translated by Holger Luckas).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Rudolf Höfling: Ilyushin since 1933. Motorbuch, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-613-03604-8 , p. 38
- ↑ Fred Tzschoppe, Reinhard Wildau: Mass crash in Soviet military aviation in 1951 . March, Dahme / Mark 2015.
- ↑ Commemoration of mysterious plane crashes. In: Lausitzer Rundschau . April 16, 2011, accessed October 17, 2017 .