Iossif Iossifowitsch Fedorowitsch

Iossif Iossifowitsch Fedorowitsch (1908)

Iosif Iosifovich Fedorovich ( Russian Иосиф Иосифович Федорович ; * July 5 ^{. Jul} / 17th July  1875 ^greg. In Ujesd Werchnedneprowsk ; † 13. October 1937 ) was a Russian mining engineer .

Life

Fedorowitsch, son of the naval officer and defender of Sevastopol in the Crimean War Iossif Iossifowitsch Fedorowitsch , attended secondary school in Nikolayev and studied at the St. Petersburg Mining Institute . In 1900 he graduated with honors as a mining engineer.

Fedorovich considered himself a socialist and turned down favorable job offers from large stock corporations . Instead, he went to Donbass and worked 1900–1907 first for the Franco- Russian Society, whose management was in Chanschonkowo (now Makijiwka ), and then for the Rykowski coal mining in Jusowka . He was an elected delegate at the meetings of the mining industry representatives of southern Russia.

For the first time in Donbass, Fedorowitsch trained rescue teams from volunteer miners . In 1904 he personally participated in the rescue of miners in the mine fire in the Ivan mine in Makiyivka by initially venturing into the mine alone and leading the rescue work. He received the gold medal for rescuing casualties on the Vladimir ribbon . In 1907 he was appointed the first head of the first Russian central rescue station in Makiyivka. He was sent to England and Germany to study the rescue services there. He introduced military discipline and uniforms in the station and trained the staff. He obtained funding and equipment according to the best rescue standards in Europe and the USA . He organized the telephone on-call service and the rapid deployment on horseback in the event of an alarm. He promoted the formation and training of volunteer rescue teams in the Donbass mines. During the largest mining disaster in the Makarjew pit of the Rykowski mine with 274 dead miners in June 1908, the central station under Fedorovich's direction was used. He left the ambulance service in 1908, and Dmitri Gavrilowitsch Levitski became head of the central station.

Fedorowitsch married Jelena Banolessi in 1909 and became manager of the fire-destroyed Berestowo-Bogoduchowski mine near Makijiwka, which he made profitable again in two years. He continued to deal with rescue issues and helped other pits in need with his rescue team. He initiated the establishment of the Grushev rescue station in Shakhty .

In 1913 Fedorowitsch went to Tomsk and became managing director of the French - German - Belgian joint stock company Kopikus ( Kuznetsk hard coal mining), which was founded in 1912 and had a monopoly on hard coal mining in Siberia ( CEO Vladimir Fyodorowitsch Trepov ). In the same year Nikolai Vladimirovich Gutovskoy became an adviser to the company. Fedorowitsch ensured an effective corporate structure, adequate equipment and appropriate pay for the skilled workers. For the Exploration of the Kuzbass he invited his former teacher at the St. Petersburg Mining Institute Leonid Ivanovich Lutugin one. In 1914 Lutugin came to Kuzbass with 14 young geologists at the expense of the joint stock company. Fedorowitsch provided them with everything they needed and founded a chemical laboratory. Lutugin and his group created the first geological map of the Kuzbass and determined the most suitable locations for new mines. For a quick start of operations, Fedorovich brought 300 personally selected miners from the Donbass, provided them with cattle and money for building houses, and organized their supplies. 1913 had Kopikus the mines Kemerovo , kolchugino , Prokopyevsk , kiselyovsk , Telbes in Rajon Tashtagol , Abaschewo , Krapiwinski and anzhero-sudzhensk and the unprofitable steelworks Gurievsk . Fedorovich rehabilitated mines and used the profits to build new mines. He took care of the railway connections and in the autumn of 1913 achieved a tariff reduction for coal transport to European Russia. In 1913, coal production increased 44%.

After the October Revolution , Fedorowitsch was chairman of the provisional board of the Kopikus from 1918 to 1920 . He managed to continue the company during the turmoil of the revolution and the Russian civil war . By resolution of the Supreme Economic Council of the RSFSR on February 19, 1920 Kopikus became state property and part of the administration of the hard coal mines of Western Siberia Sibugl in Tomsk, whose mining technology department was now headed by Fedorovich.

In July 1920, Fedorowitsch became deputy head of the engineering department of the Glawugol Trust . Then he worked in the main administration for fuel and in the Gosplan . He was a member of the Science and Technology Council of the Donugl and a member of the Technology Council of the State Institute for Project Planning of Metallurgical Works GiProMeS .

In connection with the Shakhty trial , Fedorovich was arrested in April 1928 and held in the Butyrka without charge . In the simultaneous industrial party sabotage process, Fedorowitsch was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment in a special camp on the Solovetsky Islands together with Pyotr Ioakimowitsch Palchinsky as head of counterrevolutionary activities for the disintegration of state industry . In January 1931 he was in the Karaganda - labor camp moved. In 1932, after being checked, he was released into exile in Karaganda and worked for the Karagandaugol Trust . In 1933 Alexander Alfredowitsch Bek visited him , who then published the biographical story Kurako (originally Kopikus ) with the hero Kratow in 1939 .

During the Great Terror , Fedorovich was arrested again on January 20, 1937 for working in a counter-revolutionary terrorist organization to slow down the development of the Kuzbass. He denied the allegations during interrogations and in court. On October 13, 1937 he was sentenced to death by shooting by the Supreme Court of the USSR and shot immediately. On September 21, 1957, the Supreme Court of the USSR rehabilitated him for lack of evidence.

Georgi Georgijewitsch Sobolew dedicated an article to Fedorovich in his book about the mining rescuers.

Web links

• Catalog of the Russian National Library : Федорович Иосиф Иосифович

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} MiningWiki - свободная шахтёрская энциклопедия: Федорович Иосиф Иосифович (accessed October 9, 2019).
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Istoritscheskije Materialy: Федорович Иосиф Иосифович (accessed October 9, 2019).
3. ↑ ^{a b c d} Memorialny Musei "Sledstvennaja Tjurma NKVD": Федорович Иосиф Иосифович (accessed on October 9, 2019).
4. ↑ ^{a b} Соболев Г. Г .: Горноспасатели . Недра, Moscow 1991.
5. ↑ Бек А. А., Григорьев Г. А .: Курако . Молодая гвардия, Moscow 1939.