Pyotr Ioakimowitsch Palchinsky

Pyotr Ioakimowitsch Palchinsky (1913)

Pyotr Ioakimowitsch Palchinsky ( Russian Пётр Иоакимович Пальчинский ; born September 27 ^{. Jul} / 9. October  1875 ^greg. In Sarapul ; † 22. May 1929 in Moscow ) was a Russian mining engineer , entrepreneur , economist and university lecturer .

Life

Palchinski's father was a forester in Sarapul. The mother was a sister of the Narodnik Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Tschaikowski and soon went to Kazan with the children , while the father stayed in Sarapul. Palchinsky attended secondary school in Kazan. In 1892 he took part in the competition for studies at the St. Petersburg Mining Institute in St. Petersburg without success . He then studied there after graduating from school in 1893. In 1894 he organized in memory of Alexander III. the library in the institute. After a nervous breakdown, he recovered from 1896–1897 in the Crimea and Graz . In 1897 he worked for four months on an expedition in Turkestan and then was an intern in mines in France where he met his uncle Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Tchaikovsky. In 1899 he was involved in student unrest. He set up a student mutual assistance fund and later a student recruitment office. He organized a student canteen and published the lecture manuscripts of the institute teachers. He was close to the anarchists and represented the ideas of Pyotr Alexejewitsch Kropotkin . In 1900 he completed his studies as a mining engineer and was appointed titular councilor (9th class ).

Palchinsky now led under the direction Leonid Ivanovich Lutugins investigations in mines of the Donbass through. He worked at the Commission for the Investigation of Donbass and at the Council for the Development of Railway Tariffs in the northeastern part of Donbass. He completed his military service in the artillery as a Praporschtschik .

1902 Palchinsky went to Irkutsk Governorate and became managing director of Golowin- mining company of Rajons Cheremkhovo . In 1903 he became a member of the Russian Technical Society. He occupied himself with the planning of railway lines to the coal deposits .

During the Russian Revolution in 1905 , Palchinsky took part in the revolutionary activities at Pavlovsk Railway Station and in Irkutsk Governorate. He was secretary of the committee of clerks and workers of the administration of the depot and the Irkutsk railway station and coordinated the train traffic to the Japanese front . He was arrested in early January 1906 and placed under police supervision after three months in prison. In October 1906 he founded his own company and developed an industrial development program in Siberia based on the promotion of mining. When his administrative exile was lifted in 1907, he went to St. Petersburg and then to Kharkov . He worked on the Mining Industry Council of Southern Russia. In April 1908 he was dismissed from the service of the mining administration.

Palchinsky left Russia as a representative of the Council of the Congress of the Mining Industry of Southern Russia in London because of the threat of criminal proceedings with a possible conviction of katorga . He took part in the life of the Russian émigré colony and, with others, founded the Russian A.I. Hearts Circle. He wrote a multi-volume description of the European ports with a view to expanding Russian exports. He made proposals for the development of the Azov ports and the construction of coastal railways. He headed the mining industry department at the Turin 1911 World's Fair . The Minister of Finance and Trade of Italy and the Minister of Trade and Industry of Russia Sergei Ivanovich Timaschew , who visited the exhibition, thanked him for this . In Rome he obtained the right to import plywood from Italy to Russia at a tariff reduced by ten times. He was appointed department head plenipotentiary of the Council of the Union of Mining Industries of Southern Russia.

After the amnesty in 1913, Palchinsky returned to Russia. He became a shareholder and board member of various industrial companies and chairman of the board of the Lyuborad joint stock company as well as an advisor to the Azov Black Sea Bank. He organized the Donbass coal syndicate Produgol . At the beginning of the First World War , he established the Commission for the Promotion of Industry for War at the Russian Technical Society. He worked on the Central Armaments Industry Committee . He participated in the work of a Masonic Lodge of the Greater Orient of the Peoples of Russia .

During the February Revolution of 1917 , Palchinsky was a member of the Military Commission of the Provisional Committee of the IV State Duma . He had power plants and armaments factories in Petrograd placed under protection and the telephone station, telegraph, post office, railway stations, the Russian State Bank and the General Staff building occupied. He was elected to the Petrograd Soviet . In March 1917 he became head of the Armaments Committee, Chief Plenipotentiary of the Provisional Government for Metal and Fuel Supply, and Vice Minister for Trade and Industry. Nikolai Nikolayevich Sukhanov and Jakow Markowitsch Bukspan praised Palchinsky as important business representatives. In August 1917 Palchinsky opposed the attempted coup by Lawr Georgievich Kornilov . Thereupon the head of the Provisional Government appointed Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky Palchinsky as assistant of the civilian part of the general government of Petrograd and surroundings and two days later as governor general . Within a week he organized the technical measures to defend the city against the German advance.

On the day of the October Revolution , Palchinsky was appointed assistant to Nikolai Mikhailovich Kishkin , who was supposed to restore public order, and defender of the Winter Palace . The Bolsheviks arrested Palchinsky and took him to the Peter and Paul Fortress . After four months he was released on bail , but repeatedly arrested by the Petrograd Cheka in 1918 and 1919 .

In 1918 Palchinsky became chairman of the Russian Technical Society. He worked on the development of Russian mica schist - deposits . He organized the Research Institute for Surface and Underground and published the journal of the same name. In 1920 he became a professor at the Petrograd Mining Institute and gave lectures on the geology and economics of natural gas and resin . He became a member of the Central Expert Council and the Scientific and Technical Council of the Central Economic Administration of the Supreme Council for Economics . He was a permanent advisor to the Gosplan of the USSR and participated in the GOELRO . He was a consultant in the development of the DneproGES project. In the 1920s he also participated in the activities of the Kropotkin Committee. In 1922 he was arrested again and, after two months in prison, released at the request of Gleb Maximilianowitsch Krschischanowski , chairman of the Gosplan .

When many mining engineers, including Iossif Iossifowitsch Fedorowitsch , Boleslaw Friedrichowitsch Grindler and Nikolai Andrejewitsch Tschinakal , were arrested in April 1928 in connection with the Shakhty trial , the OGPU arrested Palchinsky on April 21, 1928 for involvement in an anti- Soviet engineering organization. After imprisonment in the Lubyanka and Butyrka , he was sentenced to death by shooting by the OGPU college on May 22, 1929 for conspiracy and sabotage of rail traffic and the gold and platinum industry with immediate execution. In 1930 in the industrial party sabotage process, Palchinsky was identified as the intellectual originator of the alleged engineering center.

Palchinsky was married to Nina Alexandrovna-Pushkina (1878-1938), born in 1899, who was related to the Decembrist brothers Nikolai Sergejewitsch Bobrishchev-Pushkin and Pavel Sergejewitsch Bobrishchev-Pushkin and worked as a nurse in Staraya Russa after her husband's death .

Palchinsky was the model for the engineer Pyotr Obolowski in Alexander Issajewitsch Solzhenitsyn's novel The Red Wheel ( Second Knot ).

Web links

• Catalog of the Russian National Library : Пальчинский Пётр Иоакимович
• Literature by and about Pyotr Ioakimowitsch Palchinsky in the bibliographic database WorldCat

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} State Archives of the Russian Federation: Документы Военной комиссии Временного комитета Государственной Думы (accessed October 15, 2019 Пач Почача Панной Почной Почачанной Пачанной Думы (October 15, 2019) (Паз фоной Думы (accessed October 15, 2019) ( Паз фоной) Пача П on October 15th, 2019
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Кибальчич Виктор Львович (псевд. Виктор Серж): Пальчинский Петр Иоакимович (accessed October 13, 2019).
3. ↑ Российские и социалисты анархисты после Октября 1917 года: Пальчинский Пётр Иоакимович (Акимович) . (Исслед программа НИПЦ "Мемориал" "Социалисты и анархисты - участники сопротивления большевистскому режиму" - Проект создан при финансовой поддержке РГНФ (грант № 04-01-12025. ); accessed October 15, 2019).
4. ↑ Серков А. И .: Русское масонство. 1731-2000 . Moscow 2001, p. 622-623 .
5. ↑ Solzhenitsyn AI: Архипелаг ГУЛАГ . 1918-1956. Опыт художественного исследования. III-IV. Т. IV . У-Фактория, Yekaterinburg 2006, p. 252 ( [1] [PDF; accessed October 15, 2019]).