Issyk Kul
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Issyk Kul Issyk-Kul |
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| Issyk Kul satellite image | ||
| Geographical location | Issyk Kul ( Kyrgyzstan ) | |
| Tributaries | Jergalan , Tjup , Juku , Karakol , Jeti-Ogus | |
| Drain | drainless ( endorheic ) | |
| Places on the shore | Tscholponata , Bosteri | |
| Location close to the shore | Karakol | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 42 ° 26 ' N , 77 ° 11' E | |
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| Altitude above sea level | 1607 m | |
| surface | 6th 236 km² | |
| length | 182 km | |
| width | 60 km | |
| volume | 1738 km³ | |
| scope | 688 km | |
| Maximum depth | 668 m | |
| Middle deep | 270 m | |
| Catchment area | 15,844 km² | |
The Issyk Kul ( Kyrgyz Ысыккөл / Issyk Kul "hot lake", Russian Иссык-Куль / Issyk-Kul ) is the largest lake in Kyrgyzstan ( Central Asia ).
After Lake Titicaca in South America, the lake in the Tianshan Mountains is the second largest mountain lake in the world with an area of 6236 km² . It is located in the Issyk Kul region , is 182 km long, 60 km wide, up to 668 m deep and 1607 m above sea level. The lake is also called the "Heart of Tianshan". To the north of the lake is the Kungej-Alatau mountain range and the Terskej-Alatau range to the south . 118 rivers flow into the Issyk Kul. The most important tributaries are the Jergalan , Tjup , Juku , Karakol and Jeti-Ogus .
particularities
The Issyk-Kul never freezes despite an air temperature of up to −20 ° C in winter. This is probably due to the fact that the rapid mixing between surface water and deep water (with a temperature of> 4 ° C) prevents the surface from cooling down to freezing point in winter. In addition, the temperature of the maximum density of the water is reduced from 4 ° C (fresh water) to ≈ 2.6 ° C due to its salt content (approx. 6 g / kg), which makes it difficult for the body of water to cool down and thus freeze over. Other reasons for the lack of an ice cover in winter are often the great depth or the occurrence of warm springs at the bottom of the lake; however, these requirements are also met in other lakes that still freeze over in winter (e.g. Lake Baikal ). The lake is endorheic , so it has several tributaries but no outflow. The water level therefore fluctuates significantly over longer periods of time due to local climate changes.
use
The still water , which was once rich in fish, is both a nature reserve and a recreation area. The towns of Karakol and Cholponata are located on the shore or near the lake . The lake is also the setting for Chinggis Aitmatov's novels . Prehistoric rock carvings have been discovered on the shore at Cholponata , and the remains of an old sunken city have been found in Issykköl.
During the time of the Kyrgyz SSR , the lake was used by the Soviet military for testing torpedoes and torpedo control systems; large water and bank areas were military secret and restricted zones . In March 2008 the Kyrgyz government announced that 866 hectares of the Karabulan Peninsula would be leased indefinitely to the Russian Navy , which intends to resume its weapons tests there. The lease is expected to be around $ 4.5 million per year.
fauna
The original fish fauna of Issyk Kul consists mainly of fish from the carp family . These are specifically the gudgeon ( Gobio gobio ), the Asp ( leuciscus aspius ) leuciscus bergi and leuciscus schmidti , Gymnodiptychus dybowskii and Phoxinus issykkulensis , the stone moroko ( Pseudorasbora parva ) and Schizothorax pseudoaksaiensis issykkuli , the loach Triplophysa dorsalis , Triplophysa pedaschenkoi and Triplophysa ulacholica , as well as the southern nine-spined stickleback ( Pungitius platygaster ) as the only non- carp fish . The carp fish bream ( Abramis brama ), Alburnoides taeniatus , gable ( Carassius gibelio ), carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) and tench ( Tinca tinca ), the salmon fish lavaret ( Coregonus lavaretus ), omul ( Coregonus migratorius ), rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus. ), Were introduced by humans mykiss ) and Salmo ischan , as well as the pikeperch ( Sander lucioperca ) from the perch family.
photos
Beach life on Issyk Kul
Yurt camp on Issyk Kul
Beach at Issyk Kul
Rocks on a mountain slope near Tscholponata with petroglyphs
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d welcome.kg - Information portal: Lakes
- ↑ a b c Article Issyk Kul in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ a b Rapid deep-water renewal in Lake Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyzstan) indicated by transient tracers . In: Limnology and Oceanography . tape 47 , no. 4 , 2002, ISSN 0024-3590 , p. 1210–1216 ( available online (PDF; 345 kB)). can be viewed online ( memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Fishbase : Species in Issyk-Kul Lake
