Ivo Strigel
Ivo Strigel (* 1430 ; † 1516 in Memmingen ; also Yvo Strigel ) was a German sculptor from the Strigel family of artists in southern Germany . He was a brother of Hans Strigel the Younger and the father of Bernhard Strigel . Ivo Strigel had been the owner of an artist's workshop in Memmingen since around 1480, which produced numerous altars and sold them in southern Germany , Tyrol , Graubünden and Ticino .
Works in the Diocese of Chur
Along the Vorderrheintal , under the protection of the loyal Benedictine abbey of Disentis , Ottonian emperors moved over the 1914 m high Lukmanier Pass to Italy. Almost all late Gothic winged altars in Graubünden were created by Swabian artists; many of Ivo Strigel's works are also included. In the period between 1450 and 1525 , almost a hundred late-Gothic churches were built in the large but poorly populated diocese of Chur , which, with the exception of the Poschiavo, corresponds to today's Canton of Graubünden. On the basis of episcopal visitation reports from the years 1623 to 1643, 90 altars can be found that come from Swabia. Their number could be even greater, as the Reformation also took place in some of the said areas and many altars fell victim to the iconoclasm . The focus of the picture program in Graubünden is mostly Mary the Theotokos who brought redemption to humanity through her Son. She usually hands the powerful child on her arm with the apple as a symbol of the redemption of humanity from its sinful earthboundness. Saints Sebastian and Rochus help against the plague and other epidemics that were widespread in late medieval Graubünden. Maria Magdalena , the redeemed sinner, Barbara , Margaretha , Katharina and Nikolaus give their support in the troubled everyday life of the mountain villages, which were still poor at the time . The transport system through Graubünden over the passes was strictly organized. Rod cooperatives were responsible for the condition of the bridges and for the smooth flow of goods trading. John the Baptist is shown to strengthen the certainty of faith . For the large trading houses of the time, the Vöhlin , Welser or Fugger with their transport companies, it has been proven that those Swiss communities with their haulers and carters favored and were preferably equipped with religious objects, such as winged altars and Madonnas, to ensure safe conduct on the trade route Italy commanded. In addition, it was hoped to receive heavenly support on the arduous journeys through the impassable Alps.
Creative phases
The work of Ivo Strigel's workshop is divided into three creative phases. In the first phase it is assumed that Strigel was still active as a sculptor himself. On the reverse of the Marian altar of the parish church of St. Johannes Baptista (Sogn Gions) in Disentis / Mustér is the inscription: “completum est hoc opus per magistrum Yvonum Strigel de Memmingen 1489” . The experts used this inscription as a guide when assigning the winged altars of the first phase. The workpieces carried out in the second phase allow the conclusion that the Memmingen workshop was overloaded with orders and also had it manufactured in external workshops.
| 1st phase (1486–1493) | 2nd phase (1494–1505) | 3rd phase (1506-1514) |
|---|---|---|
| St. Eusebius, Brigels | Sta. Maria del Castello, Osogna | St. Sebastian, sword |
| Sogn Gions, Disentis / Mustér | Sta. Croce Rotonda, Plurs | S. Nicolao, Grono (today Rhaetian Museum Chur) |
| St. Georg, Obersaxen -Meierhof | St. James and Philip, Morissen | Sta. Maria di Calanca , today Basel |
In the third creative phase from 1506 to 1514, a figure style that was binding for the workshop was again created. Christof Scheller took over the Strigel workshop from 1506.
Works
- Altar 1489 for the parish church in Disentis (Graubünden)
- Memminger Altar , a grand piano retable from the workshop of the brothers Ivo Strigel and Hans Strigel the Younger (signature: fecit Claus Strigel 1500) in the Frauenkirche (Munich)
- Sacred Heart Altar , completed by Ivo Strigel in 1505 in the Imperial Cathedral of St. Bartholomew in Frankfurt am Main
- Winged altar in the Catholic parish church Son Giagl ( Bivio ), newly consecrated in 1518; Ivo Strigel's altar also dates from that time
In his home town of Memmingen there is the Strigel Museum , in which numerous exhibits by him and the Strigel family of artists are shown.
literature
- Susanne Buder: The winged altar from Santa Maria in Calanca by Ivo Strigel 1512. Liz. Basel, 1999.
- Thomas Freivogel: Yvo Strigel. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . December 8, 2017 , accessed February 18, 2020 .
- Elfriede Th. M. Virchow: Treasures in Hidden. The altars by Ivo Strigel in Graubünden. Terra Grischuna, Chur 2004, ISBN 3-7298-1144-4 .
- Enikő Zsellér: The Strigel family of artists. Studies of late Gothic painting in Memmingen. Michael Imhof-Verlag, Petersberg 2017, ISBN 978-3-7319-0563-9 .
- Elsbeth Wiemann: Old German painting. Published by the Stuttgarter Galerieverein e. V. Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, Stuttgart 1989.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Irrig Claus Strigel inscribed" according to Ernst Götz u. a. (Editor): Bayern IV: Munich and Upper Bavaria (= Georg Dehio [founder], Dehio Association [Hrsg.]: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler ). 3. Edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-422-03115-9 , pp. 742 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Strigel, Ivo |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Strigel, Yvo |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German carver |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1430 |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1516 |
| Place of death | Memmingen |