Piuro

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Piuro
coat of arms
Piuro (Italy)
Piuro
Country Italy
region Lombardy
province Sondrio  (SO)
Coordinates 46 ° 20 '  N , 9 ° 25'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 20 '0 "  N , 9 ° 25' 0"  E
height 382  m slm
surface 85 km²
Residents 1,919 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 23 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 23020
prefix 0343
ISTAT number 014050
Popular name Piuresi
Patron saint Assumption of Mary ( August 14th )
Website Piuro
Piuro 1.JPG
Piuro municipality in the province of Sondrio
Acquafraggia waterfall

Piuro ( Eng . Plurs, Rhaeto-Romanic Plür ? / I ) is a village in the province of Sondrio in Lombardy , Italy . Piuro has 1919 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) on 48 km². Audio file / audio sample

geography

Piuro is located near the border with the canton of Graubünden , Switzerland , and geographically belongs to the Bergell . The village lies at the confluence of the Valle Drana in the Mera and consists of a large number of hamlets. The main ones are Prosto, Borgonovo and Santa Croce. The smaller ones are called Sant'Abbondio, Aurogo, Scilano and Cranna. High up on the mountain and not accessible by car are Savogno and Dasile and the Acquafraggia waterfalls. North of the watershed at Leipass is the Valle di Lei valley , which is part of the Piuro area due to historical grazing rights. In the valley lies the Lago di Lei reservoir .

history

Matthäus Merian : Plurs before and after the landslide. Illustration from Martin Zeiller , Topographia Helvetiae , 1642/1654

Plurium was first mentioned in 1021 . At that time the place still belonged to the larger Chiavenna . Plurs gained independence in the 15th century.

The town achieved wealth and prosperity through the mining of soapstone and its processing into household dishes and cooking pots, the export of Lavez products and the Europe-wide trade in silk from the Lake Como area. In the 17th century, a contemporary witness wrote of houses “that could be called large palaces. […] Yes, it seemed as if Croesus had accumulated wealth here and Cleopatra wore her precious jewels ”.

Plurs owns alpine pastures on the high valley by the lake Lago dell'Acqua Fraggia, and the municipality acquired an additional base for livestock farming on the northern side of the mountain range in the Valle di Lei on the extensive alpine pastures.

Plurs was spared the Graubünden campaign in 1487 because the relative Berthold Fontana from Riom in the Graubünden Oberhalbstein intervened and paid a sum of arson. When the Bündner conquered the Valtellina in 1512, Plurs became the official seat of a podium . Around 1550 evangelical parishes came up from Bergell in Plurs and Ponteggia. Leading representatives of the Lumaga and Camulio merchant families, who were exposed to the Inquisition in Italy , promoted the Reformation here by accepting Italian religious refugees and participated in the Reformed Council of Churches. In 1597 well-known Reformed and Catholic theologians held a public disputation on the importance of mass in the Church of San Giovanni . The reformed pastor in the village was the anti-Trinitarian Gerlolamo Turriani.

The Plurs landslide in 1618

The uncontrolled Lavez stone mining had undermined the mountain Conto and ten days of rain resulted on August 25th July. / 4th September 1618 greg. to a serious landslide : as a result of the hollowing out, large rock masses detached themselves from Monte Conto, which buried the village of Piuro and the hamlet of Scilano (Schilan) about 500 meters uphill under high rock debris and dammed the Mera river into a lake for a short time. The commissioner of Chiavenna, Fortunat's spokesman , named 930 deaths in his second report to the Graubünden government in Chur, while the spokesman's contemporary, the historian Benedetto Parravicini, increased the estimated number by 300 to 1200 in total.

The reports in the newspapers of the time about the landslide on the prosperous trading town of Plurs took on legendary features that could not be proven by the later excavations. A few weeks later, the Zurich copperplate engraver Hardmeyer was the first to illustrate the landslide with some geographical errors, as he had never seen the place. Other engravers in Europe copied his faulty model. The Three Leagues led immediately after the disaster, the first excavations. The last explorations were carried out in 1963–1966 by the Italian-Swiss Association for the excavation of Piuro. The association published a bibliography of publications on the history of Plurs. In the church of Sant'Abbondio in Chiuro there is a small exhibition about the buried Plurs.

Palazzo Vertemate

Attractions

  • Parish church of San Martino di Tours (11th century) in the district of Santa Croce with medieval frescoes by the painter Maestro dell'Apocalisse di Civate from the years 1030-1050, the oldest frescoes in the province of Sondrio.
  • Church of the Discovery of the Cross in the district of San Croce, a circular Romanesque church, first mentioned in 1176. The wooden altarpiece by Yvo Strigel von Memmingen is dated 1499.
  • Palazzo Vertemate-Franchi (before 1618). After the landslide, it remained as the family's main palace and has been gradually restored. Today it is owned by the municipality of Chiavenna.
  • Church of Sant'Abbondio in the Borgonuovo district. It houses the archaeological museum dedicated to Piuro before 1618 and containing those finds that were found by the Italian-Swiss association of the Scavi di Piuro.
  • Bell tower of Sant'Abbondio (1600) in the Belfort district.
  • In the trots in the old quarters of Piuro there are beam presses that were used to press the grapes and then press the marc.
  • Acquafraggia waterfalls

Personalities

  • Guglielmo da Piuro (* around 1440 in Piuro; † after 1478 there?), Sculptor, architect in Celerina / Schlarigna
  • Mino Celsi (1514–1575), nobleman, humanist and publicist
  • Luigi Guanella (1842–1915), parish priest of Savogno fraction of the municipality of Piuro.

literature

Web links

Commons : Piuro  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: From the sudden change / deß well known spots Plurs im Bergel  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ↑ From Ponteggia a mountain road, only accessible with a permit, leads to a parking lot 750 m before Savogno; after the even higher Dasile, a mule path leads up from Savogno. The material transport to Savogno and from there to Dasile takes place with two material ropeways.
  3. ↑ site valchiavenna.com with description of waterfalls Acquafraggia, Weiler Savogno and Dasile
  4. ↑ Presser, p. 17.
  5. ^ Manfred Edwin Welti: Brief history of the Italian Reformation (= writings of the Association for Reformation History . Volume 193). Gütersloher Verlagshaus Gerd Mohn, Gütersloh 1985 (digitized 2006 University of Michigan), ISBN 978-3-5790-1663-4 , pp. 91-134: Das Exil.
  6. ↑ http://www.dillum.ch/html/plurs_campanile_legende.htm
  7. ↑ Rapporto del 26 agosto 1618 (5 September) di Fortunat spokesman al Governo di Coira (report from Fortunat spokesman for the government in Chur) and Descrizione dell'evento del 1629 e 1691. Associazione Italo-Svizzera per gli scavi di Piuro, accessed on August 22, 2018 (Italian).
  8. ↑ Antonio Colombo: Piuro Sepolta. L'Ariete, Milano 1969. SBN = IT \ ICCU \ SBL \ 0367969.
  9. ↑ Silvia Andrea: The bees from Plurs: four days before the devastating landslide they fled . Appenzell Calendar 253, 1974.
  10. ↑ http://www.dillum.ch/html/plurs_campanile_legende.htm
  11. ↑ Hauer 2010 (2), p. 275.
  12. ↑ Alex Capus: 13 True Stories. Historical miniatures. Deuticke, Vienna 2004; dtv, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-423-13470-4 , pp. 99-109: God's Zorn in Bündnerland
  13. ^ Martin Bundi: Plurs. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . February 11, 2010 .
  14. ↑ excavations of Plurs on piuroitalosvizzera.net
  15. ↑ publications Plurs on piuroitalosvizzera.net
  16. ↑ Il paese del pianto (Italian) on paesidivaltellina.altervista.org/piuro
  17. ↑ Parish Church of San Martino di Tours (photo)
  18. ↑ Palazzo Vertemate Franchi (photo)
  19. ↑ Guido Scaramellini, Il Vertemate Franchi di Piuro, un esempio di palazzo autarchico (Italian), on e-periodica.ch/digbib (accessed on January 11, 2017).
  20. ^ Palazzo Vertemate Franchi
  21. ↑ Acquafraggia waterfalls on valchiavenna.com.
  22. ↑ Guglielmo da Piuro on archive.org/stream (accessed December 23, 2016).
  23. ^ Carlos Gilly : Mino Celsi. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . February 16, 2005 , accessed March 28, 2020 .