Jan Nikolajewitsch Spielrein

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Jan Nikolajewitsch Spielrein

January Nikolayevich Spielrein , originally Yakov Naftulowitsch Spielrein , Russian Ян Николаевич Шпильрейн, первоначально Яков Нафтулович Шпильрейн (June * 14 . Jul / 26. June  1887 greg. In Rostov-on-Don , † 21st January 1938 in Kommunarka ) was a Russian mathematician and University professor .

Life

Spielrein's father was the wealthy Russian- Jewish merchant (I. Guild) Nikolai Arkadjewitsch Spielrein (originally Naftuli Moischewitsch Spielrein, 1856–1938) from Warsaw , who settled in Rostov-on-Don in 1883 and produced and sold cattle feed . Spielrein's mother was Eva Markovna born. Ljublinskaja (1863–1922), dentist and daughter of a Hasidic rabbi . The family lived in Warsaw again from 1890–1894, but then returned to Rostov-on-Don and in 1897 they moved into the three-storey house built for them and preserved (now 83 Pushkin Street). With his sister Sabina , Spielrein attended the music school (piano class) at the local department of the Russian Music Society .

Spielrein studied at the University of Paris until 1907 and then at the Polytechnic University of Karlsruhe , graduating in 1911. He then became an assistant at the University of Stuttgart and wrote his dissertation with Fritz Emde . In 1916 his textbook on vector calculation was published according to the needs of technical mechanics and electricity . During the First World War he was interned as an enemy alien . In the second half of 1918 he returned to Russia and taught at the Krasnodar Polytechnic Institute . 1920–1921 he worked in Moscow in the publishing house Bureau for Foreign Science and Technology (BINT) , which published the hut translated into Russian .

1921 Spielrein professor (and later became dean ) of Electrical Engineering - Faculty of the Moscow Institute of Technology (MWTU) . In addition, he worked in the technology department of the Supreme Council for Economics . Later he was also a consultant in the GlawElektro administration of the People's Commissariat for Heavy Industry , scientific director of the Moscow Institute of Metrology (Office for Weights and Measures), chairman of the Moscow Department of the Central Electrical Engineering Council for the GoElRo plan and a member of the Qualification Commission of the People's Commissariat for Heavy Industry and the Commission for the Award of Academic Degrees (WAK).

In 1930 Spielrein and Karl Krug founded the Moscow Energy Institute based on the MWTU and the Institute for Economics . There he headed the chair for higher mathematics until his death and was dean of the general and electrical engineering faculties. He edited the student journals PhysEN and problems in electrophysics . In 1933 he became a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR . In 1934 he received his doctorate in technical sciences . In 1935 he also became a professor at the Selinsky University of Physics, Chemistry and Energy at the All-Russian Engineering Society of Energy Engineers in Moscow.

Work written in a playful manner on the application of vector calculation and tensor analysis in particular to electrical engineering, thermal engineering and electronics , partly in German. He was one of the first to add the vector representation to the theoretical mechanics course , and he created the first manual of special functions for engineering calculations in the Soviet Union . He also translated many German books into Russian.

Spielrein was arrested on September 10, 1937 and sentenced to death on January 21, 1938 by the Supreme Military Court of the USSR for belonging to a democratic party. He was shot that same day. He was rehabilitated on February 4, 1956 .

Spielrein was married to the chemist Silvija Borissowna born in 1910 . Cécile Ryss, whose father ran a flour production company in Rostov-on-Don with his brothers and was the elder of the synagogue there and whose sister Sofja Borissowna Ryss married Karl Liebknecht in 1912 . Spielrein's daughter Marjana Janowna Spielrein became a dancer after studying at the Lunacharsky Technical College and in 1935 married the aerial photographer Yevgeni Maisel, son of the physicist Sergei Maisel . Spielrein's brothers, the psychotechnician and linguist Isaak Naftulowitsch Spielrein and the biologist Emil Nikolajewitsch Spielrain , were also shot during the Stalin Purges . Spielrein's older sister Sabina Spielrein was shot as a Jew with her daughters during the German-Soviet War during the second occupation of Rostov-on-Don by the Wehrmacht . Spielrein's nephew Ewald Emiljewitsch Spielrain became a physicist.

Web links

Wikisource: Jan Nikolajewitsch Spielrein  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Российская еврейская энциклопедия: Шпильрейн, Ян Николаевич (accessed February 9, 2017).
  2. ↑ a b c Евреи на Донской земле - Страница 557 ( memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ).
  3. ↑ Jean Spielrein: Textbook of vector calculation according to the needs in technical mechanics and electricity theory . 1st edition. Wittwer, Stuttgart 1916.
  4. ↑ Издательство "Бюро иностранной науки и техники (БИНТ)" (accessed February 10, 2017).
  5. ↑ Борис Абрамович Розенфельд: Пространства, времена, симметрии. Воспоминания и мысли геометра (accessed February 10, 2017).
  6. ↑ Smilka Zdravskovska, Peter L. Duren: Golden Years of Moscow Mathematics . American Mathematical Soc., 2007.
  7. ↑ РАН: Шпильрейн Ян Николаевич (accessed February 10, 2017).
  8. ↑ В.Ф. Миткевич: Основные физические воззрения . Рипол Классик, 2013.
  9. ↑ Jean Spielrein: The inductance of iron-free circular toroidal coils . In: Archives for electrical engineering . tape 3 , no. 7 , 1915, pp. 187-202 , doi : 10.1007 / BF01657474 .
  10. ^ Jean Spielrein: Vectorial representation of the Lorentz transformation . In: Archives for electrical engineering . tape 11 , no. 6 , 1922, pp. 230-237 .
  11. ↑ Jean Spielrein: About the approximate determination of the capacitanceElectric capacitance from the force line image of a parallel electrostatic field . In: Archives for electrical engineering . tape 10 , no. 10 , 1922, pp. 371-373 .
  12. ^ Jean Spielrein: About unclosed vortex lines . In: Archives for electrical engineering . tape 18 , no. 4 , 1927, pp. 366-368 .
  13. ↑ Jean Spielrein: The inductivity of iron-free circular toroidal coils  : Comment on my essay of the same name in the Arch. Elektrotechn. 1915 no . 7 p. 187 . In: Archives for electrical engineering . tape 26 , no. 10 , 1932, p. 744 , doi : 10.1007 / BF01657309 .
  14. ↑ А.П.Котельников. Казанская школа математиков (accessed February 10, 2017).
personal data
SURNAME Spielrein, Jan Nikolajewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Spielrein, Jakow Naftulowitsch; Spielrein, Jean; Шпильрейн, Ян Николаевич; Шпильрейн, первоначально Яков Нафтулович
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian mathematician and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH June 26, 1887
PLACE OF BIRTH Rostov on Don
DATE OF DEATH January 21, 1938
Place of death Kommunarka