Johann Baptist von Garelli
Johann Baptist von Garelli (* 29. October 1649 in Bologna , † 15. December 1732 in Vienna ) was an important doctor of Italian origin, was appointed in 1679 at the time of a plague to Vienna, where 55 years as personal physician to members of the House of Austria worked was by having three emperors Leopold I , Joseph I and Karl VI. - as well as two empresses - Maria Eleonora Gonzaga and Wilhelmine Amalie von Braunschweig-Lüneburg served. In this role as the imperial personal physician, he was followed - and surpassed - by his son Pius Nikolaus von Garelli , during whose time as prefect of the imperial court library (today the Austrian National Library ) the magnificent building that still exists was built. Descendants of Johann Baptist von Garelli are still alive today.
origin
The Garelli family in question comes from the city of Bologna, where they were one of the most respected patrician families. Your coat of arms - "Oro nella punta un fiume, nel quale ci e un porco di color oscuro mezzo immerso nell 'aqua" (a (blue) river in which a dark-colored pig swims half-immersed) is in different relevant heraldic books described. For example in the six-volume book of arms of the noble and non-noble families of Bologna by Giuseppe Guidalotti Franchini in Volume III on page 1270, and in the seven-volume book of arms by Giosefo Maria Moretti: “Armi gentilizie de 'Nobili e Cittadini bolognesi estratte da publici Archivi, Sepulture, Lapidi etc., divise in sette tomi ”, Tom II sheet 61. In the manuscript of the Marchese D. Carlo Salaroli,“ Della Nobiltá bolognese ”, without the year, in the municipal library of Bologna, the Garelli in volume II sheet 46 are expressly listed as aristocratic Families counted.
A closer ancestor of the family was Carlo Garelli, who ruled the city of Bologna in 1573 as one of the eight "Anziani" (the popularly elected members of the city council) with the gonfaloniere Bartolomeo Castelli.
Garelli's father, Francesco Garelli, was married to Orsina Facchina.
Life
Johann Baptist von Garelli was born as Giovanni Battista Garelli on October 29, 1649 in Bologna and was baptized in the Metropolitan Church of San Pietro. He grew up in the family villa, adorned with coats of arms, which was demolished at the end of the 19th century on Volta dei Barberi street, later named after Ugo Bassi. He first turned to the study of philosophy in Bologna and in 1670 he presented a dissertation at the Collegium Poeti in Bologna, which was also printed, then studied medicine at the University of Bologna , was therefore a doctor of philosophy and medicine and subsequently became one famous doctor beyond the city limits.
Appointment to Vienna
Johann Baptist Garelli was called to Vienna by Emperor Leopold I in 1679 , because a mysterious, epidemic spreading disease was spreading there in Leopoldstadt , which Garelli identified as the plague and which was fought through intensive care of the sick. His still child son Pius Nikolaus Garelli is said to have accompanied and assisted him, which is why he was called "Pestbuberl".
Four years after his arrival in Vienna, a great challenge awaited him, like all other doctors in Vienna: the Second Siege of the Turks under Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa , which lasted from July 14th to September 12th, 1683. This was unsuccessful, but still claimed numerous victims in the city and in the relief army who required medical attention, Garelli also proved himself.
Personal physician to Empress Eleonore Gonzaga
The reputation of being an excellent physician thus acquired led to him subsequently becoming one of the personal physicians of the Empress Eleonora Magdalena Gonzaga of Mantua-Nevers (* 1628; † 1686), the widowed third wife of Emperor Ferdinand III. (* 1608; † 1657), was appointed.
Personal physician to Emperor Leopold I.
After the death of the Empress widow Eleonora, Garelli was appointed one of the personal physicians of Emperor Leopold I on December 6, 1686 . As such, he is proven from January 1, 1687, since he was assigned an "annual pension" of 750 guilders from this date. From January 1st he appears as the personal physician of Emperor Leopold with an annual salary of 1000 guilders. On May 22nd, 1700 he received from Emperor Leopold I the promise of a donation in the amount of 10,000 guilders, which should be credited to him when purchasing a property belonging to the state or to be transferred to a third party when it is sold. The case arose in 1701 in connection with the collapse of the Schwanz (?) Fiefdom in Silesia, which was acquired by Elias von Hartig , but the intended payment to Garelli was not made for the time being.
On January 8, 1705, as one of Emperor Leopold's six personal physicians, he was allocated a staff allowance of 1,000 guilders a year.
Emperor Leopold died - cared for by his personal physicians - on May 5, 1705 at the age of 65 in Vienna. Garelli undoubtedly participated in the conservation of the corpse prior to the solemn burial ritual and the burial in the Capuchin crypt , with Emperor Leopold I traditionally performing a "separate burial" of the body parts, in which the heart and internal organs were buried separately from the body. The rapidly decomposing internal organs were removed, the cavities filled with wax and the surface of the corpse treated with disinfecting tinctures. The removed body parts were wrapped in silk scarves, placed in alcohol, and the containers were then soldered shut. The emperor's heart and tongue were placed in a gold-plated silver cup that was placed in the Habsburgs' heart tomb . His entrails, eyes and brain were buried in a gilded copper cauldron in the ducal crypt of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.
Personal physician to Emperor Joseph I.
Emperor Leopold I was followed by his eldest son, Emperor Joseph I , who took Garelli into his service as a trusted personal physician. Garelli first appeared in a document on July 1, 1705 as one of the personal physicians of Emperor Joseph I with a court salary of 1000 guilders. On July 3, the court pay office received the order to pay Garelli an additional 1,000 guilders annually in addition to his salary.
Under Emperor Joseph Garelli finally received the amount of 10,000 guilders promised seven years ago by Emperor Leopold I as well as a further 2,000 guilders as a gift "in view of the very useful service he was given at all times for 20 years with a special Eyfer Trey."
Emperor Joseph I fell ill with smallpox and died - probably also being looked after by Garelli - on April 17, 1711 in the Vienna Hofburg . In this case, too, as with Emperor Charles V, there was a “separate burial” - and therefore probably also for Garelli the necessary medical precautions, since the body of the emperor in the Capuchin crypt, the heart in the heart crypt of the Habsburgs in the Loreto chapel in the Augustinian Church in Vienna and the entrails in the ducal crypt in St. Stephen's Cathedral.
Personal physician to the Empress widow Wilhelmine Amalie
Since the death of Emperor Josef I in 1711, Garelli was the personal physician of the widowed Empress Wilhelmine Amalie von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (* 1673; † 1742) and is referred to as her first personal physician in 1721.
Personal physician to Emperor Charles VI
On February 2, 1713 Garelli - in addition to his function as personal physician to the Empress widow Wilhelmine Amalie - also became the personal physician of Emperor Charles VI. appointed and on October 1st the amount of 2250 guilders as an annual "salary and allowance". On May 28, 1715, Emperor Charles VI. with a decree to the Ministerial-Banco-Deputation that Garelli had to pay 3500 guilders in arrears, namely an annual pension of 2000 guilders from July 1, 1709 until the death of Emperor Joseph I. With an instruction to the imperial administration in Mantua, the emperor also advocated that Marchese Amorotti should finally pay the long overdue lease for the Garellis estate "La Corte Cardinale" in Italy. In 1725 Garelli is named the sixth of the emperor's nine personal physicians, while his son Pius Nikolaus von Garelli appears as the second personal physician. Garelli became the third personal physician of Emperor Charles V in 1729, while his son Pius Nikolaus was already the first personal physician.
Member of the medical faculty
On November 23, 1713, Johann Baptist von Garelli was accepted into the medical faculty of the University of Vienna "as an extra facultist" with a seat and a vote , whereby - at his request - he was given the place of honor on the right of the dean, for which he was donated a silver one Cup thanked. It is remarkable that his son Pius Nikolaus Garelli had also been given the same honor - barely a month earlier.
Cultural interests
That Garelli also had far-reaching cultural interests is illustrated by his friendship with the poet Donato Cupeda (* 1661 in Naples; † 1704), who from 1694 was court poet at the imperial court in Vienna and a member of the literary academy of Emperor Leopold I and for Antonio Draghi , Carlo Agostino Badia , Giovanni Battista Bononcini , Marc'Antonio Ziani , Johann Joseph Fux and Attilio Ariosti wrote numerous librettos for operas, serenades and cantatas. When Cupeda died on December 31, 1704, he put Garelli as his heir. However, it turned out that he had only left debts, which is why Emperor Leopold I decreed that Garelli Cupeda's court salary of 1500 guilders should be received for the years 1705 and 1706 in order to pay his debts.
Possessions
Giovanni Battista Garelli bought a house with his son in Siebenbrunnengasse in Vienna in 1699, which fell to his son in 1732, who sold it in 1733, although the purchase schilling had to be distributed to the poor in accordance with his father's orders.
La Corte Risara Cardinala estate
In 1709, Emperor Joseph I gave his personal physician Johann Baptist von Garelli the significant sum of 30,000 guilders, which was converted into the possession of the “Kammergut” La Corte Risara Cardinala in the Duchy of Mantua at Garelli's request “by imperial grace” . This had the Marchese Amorotti in lease, but who regularly failed to pay the lease, which is why in 1713 even Emperor Charles VI. intervened by asking the imperial administration of Mantua to urge Amorotti "seriously" to pay Garelli the rent owed. After his death, this property was inherited by his son Pius Nikolaus von Garelli , who owned it himself until his death.
Engelskirchner Palace
In 1724 Johann Baptist von Garelli bought the Engelskirchnerpalais (4th, Schönburgstrasse 1, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 63, Rainergasse 18) from the “Klagbaum in Liebharten” near the imperial Favorita after the rifle beech in front of the Kärntnertor on the Wieden, that of Leopold von Engelskirchen was built as a summer house in 1710/1711, furnished with great splendor and adorned with a large garden complex consisting of three terraces. The statues there by Lorenzo Mattielli († 1748) probably go back to Garelli.
The palace and the two-hectare garden remained in the possession of his family for three generations, as after his death it fell to his son Pius Nikolaus Garelli, personal doctor of Charles VI, and after his death in 1739 to his daughter Maria Anna von Garelli , who was married von Suttner fell, who finally passed the property to Emperor Karl VI in 1746. sold, after which it remained in the possession of the imperial family for many years. Empress Maria Theresa is said to have lived here from May 23 to June 14, 1767 when she suffered from leaf disease or smallpox. Later known as Palais Archduke Rainer, the palace was demolished in 1957/58 after war and occupation damage. The only relic are the valuable roof figures by Matielli, which today stand in front of the Hofburg in Innsbruck.
Other possessions
In 1728 Johann Baptist Garelli acquired two soldiers' quarters on the Seilerstätte near the Wasserkunstbastei in Vienna, which his son sold in 1733. In the same year, 1728, he acquired parts of the house in the Naglergsse ( inner city district ) in Vienna , which were later built into a house (No. 1). After the death of his grandson Johann Baptist Fabian von Garelli in 1741, his sister Maria Anna von Garelli, married von Suttner, inherited this property, who sold it in 1745.
Demise
Before his death, Johann Baptist von Garelli set up a money entrant in the amount of 34,000 guilders and turned a house with a garden in Nikolsdorf (today in the 4th district of Margareten), which he had acquired in 1699, into an entails commission. His son Pius Nikolaus inherited the rest of his property as a universal heir. Johann Baptist von Garelli, as he is called in the death certificate and also in the intimation book of the Obersthofmeisteramt, died on December 15, 1732 in the Albrechtsburg House (later Palais Sina ) in the 1st Viennese district Inner City at Hohen Markt 8 at the remarkably old age of 83 years and was buried on December 17th next to his wife in the family vault at St. Stephan.
Afterlife
There is a medal for Johann Baptist von Garelli with his portrait on the front with the inscription “JO: BAP.GARELLI.LEOP.I.CAES.AUG. IMP.MED.CONSIL ”and on the back a representation of Asclepius , the mythical founder of medicine, and the god Apollo with the lyre with the inscription“ COLIT. QUOS. REFERT “(he cares for the important?) Shows.
There was also a portrait of Johann Baptist Garelli, which - together with the portrait of his son Pius Nikolaus - was part of the extensive library donated by the latter in the Theresian Academy founded in 1746 by Empress Maria Theresia in the former imperial palace of the "New Favorita" Vienna (today: Public Gymnasium of the Theresian Academy Foundation , in short: "Theresianum") found, however, in 1784, after the Academy was abolished by Emperor Joseph II († 1790), with the Garellische Library of the then newly founded University of Lemberg , where lost track of itself after a fire in 1848. A copy of the portrait can be found in the quoted work by Gustaf Freiherr von Suttner.
Marriage and offspring
marriage
Giovanni Battista Garelli married on February 1, 1671 in Bologna in the parish church of St. Laurentii Porta Sterii Julie de Martelli, who came from a noble family from Bologna. She died in Vienna at the age of 75 in the house of the Albrechtsburg family, who were related by marriage, and was buried on August 5, 1717 in the family crypt in St. Stephen's Cathedral.
progeny
-
Pius Nikolaus von Garelli (born September 10, 1675 in Bologna; † July 21, 1739 in Vienna) followed - and surpassed - his father as an important doctor, professor of medicine and imperial personal physician and was prefect of the imperial court library from 1723 to 1739 (today National Library) was in Vienna, at whose instigation the imperial court library - the magnificent baroque building of today's National Library - was built from 1723 to 1735. From his marriage to Maria Barbara Edlem Fräulein von Schickh (* approx. 1695), daughter of the Imperial Knight Georg Friedrich Ritter and Noble Herr von Schickh, Doctor of Law. Imperial Court Chancellery, Secret Secretary and Referendarius (* September 10, 1654, † Vienna, September 25, 1727) and his wife Maria Barbara von Brockhoff († Vienna, February 6, 1718) he had three children:
- Maria Theresia Sabina Barbara von Garelli (* October 20, 1715; † before July 10, 1735)
- Maria Anna von Garelli (born March 1, 1717 ; † February 28, 1784 in Vienna , her first marriage on July 14, 1740 was Leopold Gundacker Ritter von Suttner (* May 23, 1717; † Vienna, November 25, 1754; buried in Ober -Höflein), Fideikommissherr in Kirchstetten, Mitterhof, Freyen-Thurn-Theras and Alt-Prerau, kk real court chamber councilor , and in his second marriage on May 2, 1756 in St. Stephen's Cathedral by Cardinal Trautson ) the imperial field marshal lieutenant on horseback and later president of the disability office Franz Anton Reichsgraf von Hallwyl (Hallweil) (* 1702; † January 5, 1779), who comes from the Swiss nobility . Maria Anna von Garelli was one of the richest women in Vienna as heiress of Garelli's and administrator of Suttner's fortune. She owned, among other things, the three-hectare Suttner estate in Vienna on Währingerstrasse, the Palais Neupauer-Breuner on Singerstrasse and several estates and lordships, including Ebenfurth Castle .
- Johann Baptist Fabian Sebastianus Garelli (baptized January 20, 1719; † September 15, 1741) was engaged to his sister-in-law, Antonia von Suttner, a daughter of the imperial physician Matthias Ritter von Suttner († 1733) and Juliana von Eibel.
literature
- Moritz Bermann, History of the Vienna City and Suburbs, Vienna 1863, page 128
- Ralf Bröer: Court medicine. Structures of medical care at an early modern princely court using the example of the Viennese imperial court (1650–1750) , habilitation thesis History of Medicine, Chair Wolfgang U. Eckart , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , 2006, pp. 94 + 95, 98, 107, 503+ 504
- M. Denis, The Curiosities of the Imperial and Royal Garellian Public Library in Theresiano, Vienna 1780
- Giovanni Fantuzzi, Notes degli Scrittori Bolognesi Raccolte Da Giovanni Fantuzzi, Tomo Quarto, Bologna MDCCLXXXIV; Page 61 f.
- Giosefo Maria Moretti: "Armi gentilizie de 'Nobili e Cittadini bolognesi estratte da publici Archivi, Sepulture, Lapidi etc., divise in sette tomi", Tom II sheet 61.
- Giovanni Nicolo Pasquali Alidosi, I Signori Anziani, Consoli e Gonfalonieri di giustizia della citta di Bologna. Dall anno 1456. Accresciuti fino al 1670. Bologna Manolessi 1670.
- Leopold Schönbauer: Medical Vienna. History, becoming, appreciation , 2nd edition Urban & Schwarzenberg Vienna 1947,
- Gustav Freiherr von Suttner, "The Garelli": A contribution to the cultural history of the XVII. and xviii. Century, Vienna, Gerold 1885
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gustav Freiherr von Suttner, "The Garelli": A contribution to the cultural history of the XVII. and xviii. Century, page 4, Vienna, Gerold 1885
- ↑ Manuscript by Ludovico Maria Montefani, University Library of the City of Bologna and manuscript by Giuseppe Guidalotti Franchini
- ^ Giovanni Nicolo Pasquali Alidosi, ISignori Anziani, Consoli e Gonfalonieri di giustizia della cittá di Bologna Dall´ anno 1456. Accesciutto fino al 1670. Bologna, Manolessi 1670, poag. 121. Bologna Municipal Library
- ↑ M. Denis, "The Curiosities of the Imperial and Royal Garellian Public Library at the Theresianum"; Page 2; Vienna, 1780 (in the holdings of the Austrian National Library .)
- ↑ Gustav Freiherr von Suttner, "The Garelli": A contribution to the cultural history of the XVII. and XVIII. Century, page 4, Vienna, Gerold 1885
- ^ Moritz Bermann, "History of the City of Vienna and its Suburbs", page 128, Vienna, 1863
- ↑ Dr. Gustav Reinhold, The plague in Vienna. Vienna 1879 pages 29, 39.
- ↑ Suttner op. Cit. P. 5
- ↑ Hoff Zahl Ambts Raittung de Anno 1697, sheet 188; National Library Vienna.
- ↑ Gustav Freiherr von Suttner, op. Cit. page 5
- ↑ Suttner op. Cit. P. 6
- ^ Ordinance book from A 1701 to 1705, sheet 337 (Austrian State Archives in Vienna)
- ↑ Cf. Alexander Glück / Marcello LaSperanza / Peter Ryborz: Unter Wien: In the footsteps of the third man through canals, tombs and casemates. Christoph Links Verlag 2001, p. 44 ( limited preview in Google book search)
- ↑ Suttner, op. Cit. P. 7
- ^ Hoffinanz Act of June 22, 1707, k. and k. Reichs-Finanz-Archiv in Vienna
- ↑ Imperial and Royal / As also Archduke / and the Residence City of Vienna / State and Standes Calendar to the year MDCCXXI page XXXV
- ^ Hoffinanz Act of May 28, 1715
- ^ Francisci Ernesti Brückmanni Phil Et Med. Doct Centuria Epistolarum Itinerariarum. Epistola XXII De Medicinis Viennensibus, Centur. I. page 2
- ↑ Imperial and Royal / As also Arch-Ducal / and the Residence City of Vienna / State and Stand Calendar for the year NDCCXXIX Since xviii;
- ↑ Johannis Jacobi Boyfriend de Weyenberg Re Medica Virorum page 72
- ↑ Acta Decanatus 1710-1725 second sheet 316, Library of the medical doctors Collegium in Vienna
- ↑ Suttner op. Cit. P. 10
- ↑ Herbert Seifert, Art. "Cupeda, Donato OFMConv", in: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon online, accessed: September 8, 2019 ( https://www.musiklexikon.ac.at/ml/musik_C/Cupeda_Donato.xml ).
- ↑ Suttner op. Cit. P. 7
- ↑ Hoffinanz Act of March 25, 1713, Imperial and Royal Reichs-Finanz-Archiv in Vienna.
- ↑ Suttner op. Cit. P. 9 note 5)
- ↑ Engelskirchnerpalais in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
- ↑ Suttner op. Cit. P. 14
- ↑ Suttner op. Cit. P. 13
- ↑ Suttner p 81
- ↑ Suttner op. Cit. Pp. 84-86
- ↑ Suttner op. Cit. P. 90
- ↑ Suttner pp. 24/25
- ^ Johann Siebmacher's Grosses Wappenbuch, Volume 26, The arms of the nobility in Lower Austria; Part 2, SZ; Page 47; Bauer & Raspe, 1983
- ↑ Suttner p. 14
- ^ Johann Siebmacher'S Grosses Wappenbuch, Volume 26, The arms of the nobility in Lower Austria. Part 2 SZ page 289, Bauer & Raspe; 1983
- ^ Johann Siebmacher'S Grosses Wappenbuch, Volume 26, The arms of the nobility in Lower Austria. Part 2 SZ page 289, Bauer & Raspe; 1983
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Garelli, Johann Baptist von |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Garelli, Johann Baptist; Garelli, Giovanni Battista |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian physician, imperial personal physician, medical professor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 29, 1649 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Bologna |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 15, 1732 |
| Place of death | Vienna |