Johann Friedrich von Türckheim

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Johann Friedrich von Türckheim

Johann Friedrich Freiherr von Türckheim (French Jean-Frédéric de Turckheim ; * December 10, 1780 in Strasbourg ; † December 10, 1850 there ) was an Alsatian - French banker , politician and Protestant church functionary. From 1824 to 1831 and again from 1836 to 1837 he was a member of the French Chamber of Deputies , from 1830 to 1835 Mayor of Strasbourg and from 1831 to 1850 President of the Directory of the Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine .

Life

Johann Friedrich von Türckheim came from the Alsatian patrician family Türckheim , his grandfather Johann von Türckheim was raised to imperial baron in 1782 .

Johann Friedrich was the son of Bernhard Friedrich von Türckheim , banker and finance minister of the Grand Duchy of Baden, and his wife Lili Schönemann , the former fiancé of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe . His father and his brother Johann von Türckheim founded the two lines of the older Baden and the younger Strasbourg line of this family.

The four Türckheim brothers: Jean-Frédéric, Jean-Charles, Frédéric-Guillaume and Henri

He had four other siblings:

  • Elise Lili von Türckheim (born August 9, 1779 in Strasbourg; † July 13, 1865 in Dachstein) ⚭ Adrien Brunck von Freundeck (born February 27, 1773 in Strasbourg; † November 29, 1806), son of Richard François Philippe Brunck ;
  • Charles von Türckheim (* 1783; † 1862) ⚭ 1807 Cécile Waldner von Freundstein (* 1791; † 1839): they had at least one child, Ferdinand von Türckheim (born March 31, 1811), who reached the age of one hundred and in 1843 Eleonore von Schulthes-Rechberg married
  • Guillaume von Türckheim (* October 18, 1785; † January 12, 1831), Lieutenant Colonel of the Cavalry ⚭ Amelie (* 1800; † 1854), daughter of Friedrich von Dietrich , Mayor of Strasbourg.
  • Henri von Türckheim (July 15, 1789 - February 28, 1849) ⚭ Louise (October 2, 1804 - June 30, 1858), a daughter of Count Gustav Eugen Friedrich Christoph von Degenfeld-Schonburg (1764-1807).

The grandfather Johann von Türckheim (1707–1793) was raised to the status of baron in 1782 by Emperor Joseph II in recognition of his services to the German Empire. The grandmother was Maria Magdalene (1720–1793), the daughter of the merchant and merchant in Strasbourg, banker and archivist of the city of Strasbourg, Johann Bernhard Henneberg and Margarete Salome née Bischoff.

His father had taken over the mayor's office from Friedrich von Dietrich in autumn 1792 , but after a few months he had to flee from the Jacobins and thus avoided likely death. His wife followed him dressed as a peasant woman with the children, she led the elders by the hand, the smallest she carried wrapped in scarves. The family fled to Erlangen and spent some time there. Johann Friedrich received his school education there from the private tutor Franz Heinrich Redslob (1770–1834), and later in Strasbourg and Paris.

After the end of the reign of terror in the French Revolution , the family returned to Alsace in 1795 and his father reopened the Strasbourg bank. There Johann Friedrich received a commercial training and then worked for a time in trading houses in Bremen and Amsterdam . In 1806 he entered his father's business, in which he was given a managerial position because his father managed the finances of the Grand Duchy of Baden from 1809 to 1810.

1810 Johann Friedrich was in the Strasbourg Chamber of Commerce elected and was subsequently initially a member of the General Council of the department Bas Rhin and later its president. This was followed in 1824 by his election as a deputy to the Chamber of Deputies . There he joined the “party” of the doctrinaires, a small group of French royalists who wanted a constitutional monarchy with limited suffrage and whose driving force was Pierre-Paul Royer-Collardwas. Johann Friedrich was not a parliamentarian in the true sense of the word because he was denied an oratorial effect due to his weak voice, but he got involved in various commissions and dealt there with practical questions, such as the tobacco monopoly .

In 1812 he married Countess Friederike Luise (* July 17, 1796; † November 19, 1869), another daughter of Count Gustav Eugen Friedrich Christoph von Degenfeld-Schonburg, and founded his own household on the Thumenau estate near Plobsheim . They had four children together:

  • Mathilde von Türckheim (born May 11, 1815 in Strasbourg; † August 6, 1847 in Pau , Béarn ), married since 1834 to Ferdinand Felix Carl Eckbrecht von Dürckheim-Montmartin (born July 1, 1812 in Thürnhofen ; † June 20, 1891 in Amstetten ), a son of Count Karl Friedrich Johann Eckbrecht von Dürckheim-Montmartin (1770–1836);
  • Franziska Josephine Auguste von Türckheim (born August 21, 1816 in Strasbourg, † November 1, 1903 in Meran), married to her brother-in-law since 1849;
  • Emma Pauline Cécile Elisa von Türckheim (born June 27, 1831, † June 27, 1831);
  • Adolphe von Türckheim.

On his estate he was on friendly terms with the Prefect Adrien de Lezay-Marnésia .

In 1830 he belonged to the group of 221 deputies who responded to Charles X's speech from the throne in March 1830 with an address of distrust; he also took part in the outbreak of the July Revolution and the further development in Paris, as a result of which Ludwig Philip was put on the throne as king . In September 1830, however, he resigned his deputy mandate, since he was appointed mayor of Strasbourg, where he took up his post on September 30, 1830. In November 1833 he was elected to the Départementrat for Strasbourg .

His reign was characterized by an economical management of finances. Through building projects, he contributed to general health and eliminated hardship and misery. These also changed the cityscape, such as the canalization of the left Illarm . He founded a refuge for the unemployed, which was maintained with funds from the city and contributions from wealthy citizens, established schools for the poor and created an industrial school to promote trade and handicrafts. In doing so he proceeded with caution and deliberation and tried to keep the good from the old man. But by doing this he also aroused offense when, for example, he did not immediately introduce the state school law of 1833 with the segregation of the sexes and its predominance of the lay element in the school supervision, but initially let the city's parish schools continue to exist. In addition, he had to fight with the republican opposition in the local council, which repeatedly criticized him in the higher authorities and the head of state. In 1835 he resigned because he no longer felt up to the task.

In 1831 he took over the presidency of the Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine in the immediate successor of his father . In this role he was constrained by the government and consistory of the Church and encountered multiple obstacles in an attempt to centralize official business. He kept the version of the so-called Organic Articles of the Protestants of the 18th Germinal Xfor no longer up-to-date. He called for a freer organization of the church and necessary reforms that should develop organically. But this went too slowly for the board of directors and so he was attacked in public. In addition, there was his dispute with the Catholics from 1842 to 1843, in which it was about the common use of the church choir in the simultaneous church of Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux .

During this time, his bank, which he no longer managed, collapsed, so that he lost his fortune. In addition there was the death of his eldest daughter. For health reasons, he was in Cannes in 1848 when the February Revolution broke out in Paris, as a result of which a provisional ten-member directory took the place of the Protestant directory and carried out the measure that Johann Friedrich considered necessary but had not begun such as the establishment of a council of churches, the election of pastors and the restoration of the general consistory. He took part in the negotiations for a new board of directors and was elected honorary president.

Johann Friedrich von Türckheim died on his 70th birthday, December 10th, 1850. On the same day his successor Théodore Braun (1805–1887) took up the post of President of the Protestant Directory.

Honors

Quai Turckheim was named after him in Strasbourg .

Works

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ A grandson of Goethe's "Lili". In:  Neues Wiener Journal , April 21, 1911, p. 3 (online at ANNO ).Vorlage:ANNO/Wartung/nwj
  2. ↑ France. In:  Oesterreichischer Beobachter , November 29, 1833, p. 1539 (online at ANNO ).Vorlage:ANNO/Wartung/obo

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Türckheim, Johann Friedrich von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Türckheim, Jean-Frédéric; Türckheim, Fr .; Jean-Frédéric de Turckheim; Jean Frederick Turckheim
SHORT DESCRIPTION Alsatian-French politician
DATE OF BIRTH December 10, 1780
PLACE OF BIRTH Strasbourg
DATE OF DEATH December 10, 1850
Place of death Strasbourg