Johannes Steininger (geologist)

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Johannes Steininger (photography)

Johannes (Johann) Steininger (born January 10, 1794 in St. Wendel , † October 11, 1874 in Trier ) was a German high school teacher , geologist and historian .

Career

After appropriate preparation through private lessons, Steininger attended secondary school in Trier from 1806 and acquired the diploma as bachelier-en-lettres at the age of 14 . At the request of his parents, he initially studied philosophy and theology at the seminary in Trier (1809–1813), but then turned to the sciences and began studying mathematics, physics and natural sciences in Paris. On October 20, 1815, he began his service as a teacher at the Trier grammar school , where he taught mathematics and natural sciences. On June 26, 1848 he was appointed professor for his achievements. Steininger, who had not been able to perform any official functions since 1855 due to an eye disease, was officially retired on December 22, 1856. On April 1, 1857 he resigned from school. Karl Marx and Edgar von Westphalen , who were born and raised in Trier, were among his students .

Steininger, a brother of the Trier canon Richard Maria Steininger , was accused of having been shaking Christianity since he started working in Trier, "which causes many young people to lose their faith". On January 25, 1834, the Provincial School College questioned its "patriotic sentiments". He was friends with Thomas Simon , with whom he had attended the seminary together and who published a commemorative publication on the occasion of Steininger's retirement.

Research activity

Steininger was a person with a wide range of interests who, in addition to geology, also dealt with other natural sciences as well as history and philosophy.

In 1817 Steininger, who did geological research in his spare time, became a member of the Society for Useful Research in Trier . In the following period he went on geological study trips during the school holidays, which took him in particular to the Eifel , Belgium, Luxembourg and France and were reflected in a number of geological and paleontological publications. The fossil animal species he discovered and described for the first time include, for example, Spirifera primaeva Steininger, 1853, a brachiopod species whose current name is Acrospirifer primaevus (Steininger, 1853).

During a research trip to the Saar-Nahe region in 1841, Steininger described the "doleritic trapezoid rock" of the foam mountain near Tholey / Saar as tholeiite . This gave the most common rock in the earth's crust, the basalts of the mid-ocean ridges (= "MOR basalts" or "MORB") its petrographic technical name. In the meantime, Dieter Jung was able to determine differences between the rock of the type locality and the "MORB" in 1958. The “MORB” should therefore be more correctly referred to as “tholeiitic basalts”.

For his work entitled Essai d'une description géognostique du Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg wore Steininger, the French as his mother tongue dominated, in 1828 the first prize in a competition of the Belgian Academy of Sciences, whose theme is the geology of Luxembourg was , from that. In this work he coined the name grès de Luxembourg (Luxembourg sandstone) for the well-known sandstone formation of the Upper Hettangian ( Lower Jurassic ) in Luxembourg.

Steininger was the first to introduce the Eifel dialect name Maar as a technical term in geological literature. None other than Alexander von Humboldt , who mentioned Steininger's volcanic research in a lecture as early as 1827/28 and, of course , had called him a cross head to Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg in August 1853 , adopted the term with reference to the geognostic description of the Eifel ; he added appreciatively that his [d. i. Steininger's] earliest meritorious work, "The extinct volcanoes in the Eifel and on the Lower Rhine", is from 1820. Maar (English dto. ) Became the global geological term for this monogenetic volcanic structure, which was created by an explosion caused by the meeting of groundwater with mostly basic magma was triggered. The pyroclastic rocks ejected during the maar eruption are mostly rich in adjacent rocks.

Honors, awards, appreciations

  • 1848 appointed professor
  • Election to the member of the Niederrheinische Gesellschaft für Natur- und Heilkunde
  • Elected member of the Senckenberg Society
  • Elected member of the Natural Research Society in Halle
  • Appointment as assessor of the Mineralogical Society in Jena

Afterlife

Steininger's birthplace, St. Wendel , named a small street in the town center right next to the Wendalinus basilica after him, "Steininger's Gäßchen"

Works

geology

Johannes Steininger: Geognostic studies on the Middle Rhine. 1819 title page
  • Geognostic studies on the Middle Rhine. Florian Kupferberg, Mainz 1819 ( online at E-rara.ch ).
  • The extinct volcanoes in the Eifel and on the Lower Rhine. Florian Kupferberg, Mainz 1820. ( online at E-rara.ch ).
  • New contributions to the history of the Rhenish volcanoes. Florian Kupferberg, Mainz 1821 ( online at dilibri ).
  • Mountain map of the countries between the Rheine and the Meuse. Florian Kupferberg, Mainz 1822 ( online at E-rara.ch ).
  • The extinct volcanoes in the south of France. Florian Kupferberg, Mainz 1823 ( online at E-rara.ch ).
  • Comments on the Eifel and Auvergne. Florian Kupferberg, Mainz 1824 ( online at Google Books ).
  • Investigations into the salt-bearing areas in Lorraine. In: Hertha. Zeitschrift für Erd-, Völker- und Staatkunde 5 (1826), pp. 239–285 ( online at Google Books ).
  • Essai d'une description géognostique du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. In: Mémoires couronnés en 1828 de l ' Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 7 (1829), pp. 21-88 ( online at Google Books ).
  • Remarks on the fossils found in the transition limestone mountains of the Eifel (high school program). Trier 1831 ( online at dilibri ).
  • Observations on the fossils du calcaire intermédiaire de l'Eifel. Translated from the German by Jean Domnando. In: Mémoires de la Société géologique de France 1 (1833/34), pp. 331-371, pl. 20–23 ( online at Google Books ).
  • Sur une nouvelle Encrine (Halocrinites) et une Hélice de l'Eifel. In: Bulletin de la Société géologique de France Ser. 1 Vol. 6 (1835), pp. 169–170, Figs. 11 and 12 ( online at Biodiversity Heritage Library ).
  • Note présentée dans la séance du 8 mai 1837 de la Société Géologique de France, avec les dessins de deux pétrifications nouvelles (Lichas antiquus, Haplocrinites sphaeroideus), et avec une remarque sur des dents d'ours fossiles trouvées dans la caverne de Loch près de Gerolstein. In: Bulletin de la Société géologique de France Ser. 1. Vol. 8 (1836/37), pp. 230-232 ( online at Biodiversity Heritage Library ).
  • Halocrinites pyramidalis, Sculellis pelvinaribus et Costalibus laevibus; Articulis brachiorum duodecim. In: Bulletin de la Société géologique de France Ser. 1 vol. 9 (1837/38), p. 295 with illus. ( Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library ).
  • Geognostic description of the land between the lower Saar and the Rhine. Lintz'sche Buchhandlung, Trier 1840 ( online at Munich digitization center ).
  • Atlas for the geognostic description of the land between the lower Saar and the Rhine. Lintz'sche Buchhandlung, Trier 1840 ( online at E-rara.ch ).
  • Geognostic description of the land between the lower Saar and the Rhine. Supplements with 5 Petrefacten drawings. Lintz'sche Buchhandlung, Trier 1841 ( online at Google Books ).
  • The fossils of the transition mountains of the Eifel. In: Annual report on the school course 1848/49 at the Trier grammar school. Ms. Lintz, Trier 1849, pp. 1-50 ( online at the University and State Library in Düsseldorf ).
  • Geognostic description of the Eifel. Ms. Lintz'sche Buchhandlung, Trier 1853 ( online at Biodiversity Heritage Library ).

history

philosophy

  • Examination critique de la philosophie allemande, depuis Kant jusqu 'à nos jours. Ms. Lintz, Trier 1845 ( online at Google Books).

physics

  • Comments on Foucault's pendulum experiment . (Progr. Gymn.). Trier 1855, Lintz, 16 p. (Program with which Dr. V. Loers, Director and Professor, invites you to the public examination and the speech act of the students of the grammar school in Trier and to the closing ceremony on August 30th and 31st, 1855: 1) Comments on Foucault's pendulum experiment. From Professor Steininger. - Trier: Book printing by Fr. Lintz, 1855. - 34 pages)

literature

  • Engländer, Hans (1950): Johannes Steininger. In: Heimatbuch des Kreis St. Wendel, 3 (1950): 95-100 .
  • Fichter, Jürgen (1990): Johann Steininger. A geologist from St. Wendel. In: Heimatbuch des Landkreis St. Wendel 13 (1989/90) 92–99.
  • Follmann, Otto (1920): The Trier geologist Johannes Steininger (1794–1874). In: Trierische Chronik 16 (1920), pp. 82–95 ( online at dilibri ).
  • Groß, Guido (1994): Professor Johann Steininger (1794-1874). Memory of a Trier educator, geologist and historian. In: New Trierisches Jahrbuch 1994: 85-104.
  • Groß, Guido (2000): Johann Steininger . In: H. Monz (Ed.): Trier Biographical Lexicon. Scientific publishing house Trier, p. 450.
  • Massard, Jos. A. (1996): Les pionniers de la géologie luxembourgeoise: Steininger, Engelspach-Larivière et les autres. In: JA Massard (éd): L'Homme et la Terre. Mens en Aarde. Man and earth. Actes du 13e Congrès Benelux d'Histoire des Sciences, Echternach (Luxembourg), 1995. Luxembourg: 127-170.
  • Massard, Jos. A. (1998): Historical and scientific foray through the canton of Echternach. Nos Cahiers, 19 (2-3): 363-393. (See: p. 364ff. PDF; 3.1 MB)
  • Schiel, Hubert (1951): The Trier geologist Johannes Steininger . In: Trierischer Volksfreund , vol. 76, no. 8/9 Sept. 1951. Enclosed: Ceremony No. 36
  • Simon, Thomas (1857): Aphoristic notes from the life and work of the senior high school teacher, Professor Steininger, who retired on April 1, 1857. Trier, 7 p. (Special reprint from the Trier'sche Zeitung, No. 54 of March 5, 1857).
  • H. Wolfgang Wagner et al., 2012: Trier und Umgebung, Sammlung geologischer Führer, Vol. 60, 3rd edition [(see) http://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/artno/011006040 ]

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Follmann, Otto (1920) p. 82.
  2. ^ Art. Steininger, Johann. In: New, elegant conversation lexicon for educated people from all walks of life. Edited by Oskar Ludwig Bernhard Wolff . 5. Vol. Leipzig 1842, p. 426 ( online at Google Books ).
  3. Follmann 1920 p. 94; Simon 1847.
  4. Groß 2000, p. 450.
  5. quoted from Heinz Monz: Karl Marx , Trier 1973, p. 170.
  6. ibid, p. 171.
  7. ^ Jens Fachbach: Ludwig Simon von Trier (1819-1872). 48er, Exile, European, Bonn 2018, p. 31.
  8. Ulrich Jansen: On the genus Acrospirifer Helmbrecht et Wedekind, 1923 (Brachiopoda, Lower Devonian) (Contributions to Lower Devonian brachiopods from the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge and adjacent areas, 1). (PDF; 1.4 MB) Journal of the Czech Geological Society 46 / 3-4 (2001): 131–144.
  9. Jung, Dieter, 1958: Investigations on Tholeyite von Tholey (Saar) in: Contributions to mineralogy and petrology, ISSN  1432-0967 , Vol. 6 (3rd 1958), p. 147-181
  10. Massard 1996: 129ff.
  11. ^ Hans Mühlhaus: Maar or crater lake? ( Memento of the original from January 14, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Daun District Homeland Yearbook 1987: 95–96. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jahrbuch-daun.de
  12. The physical geography of Mr. Alexander v. Humboldt, presented in the semestre 1827/28. (= Transcript of the 'Kosmos lectures' by Alexander von Humboldt in the Berlin University, November 3, 1827– April 26, 1828) ( online at Deutsches Textarchiv ).
  13. Alexander von Humboldt to Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg. Potsdam, [August 1853]. Edited by Anette Wendt with the assistance of Eberhard Knobloch. In: edition humboldt digital . Edited by Ottmar Ette. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences, Berlin. Version 5 from September 11, 2019 ( online at edition humboldt digital ).
  14. Alexander von Humboldt: Kosmos. Draft of a physical description of the world. Vol. 4. JG Cotta, Stuttgart / Tübingen 1858, p. 518, note 92 ( online at Deutsches Textarchiv).
  15. H. Wolfgang Wagner et al., 2012: Trier und Umgebung, Sammlung geologischer Führer, Vol. 60, 3rd edition.
  16. Hans Klaus Schmitt: Steiningers Gäßchen . In: Heimatbuch des Kreis St. Wendel 2 (1949), pp. 60–61, p. 61. ( online as PDF ). In contrast, the English refer to: Johannes Steininger (see literature), p. 95, and Roland Geiger: A walk through St. Wendel. From the Mia-Münster-Haus to the north exit of the St. Wendel Basilica. Self-published by R. Geiger, St. Wendel 2015, ISBN 978-3939460008 , p. 25, the name of the alley on the "Steininger family" ( partially digitized from Google Books).
  17. Cf. Karl Caesar von Leonhard and Heinrich Georg Bronn (eds.): New year book for mineralogy, geognosy, geology and petrefacts . Born 1836, p. 478 ( online at Google Books ).

Web links

Wikisource: Johann Steininger  - Sources and full texts