Josefine Winter

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Josefine Winter (since 1914 Winter Edle von Wigmar ; * December 21, 1873 in Vienna , † January 20, 1943 in the Theresienstadt ghetto ) was an Austrian painter , composer and writer .

Life

Josefine, also Josephine, was born in Vienna as the daughter of Rudolf Auspitz (1837–1906) and Helene Lieben (1838–1896). In 1879, her mother fell ill with depression . Because of this " mental illness " she was taken to the Préfargier psychiatric clinic near Neuchâtel (Neuchâtel) . The children came into the care of a governess , Marie Heidenhain from Dresden , who became the father's new wife after her mother's death in 1896.

Josefine received her training from a private teacher, but was not allowed to study as a girl. Like her mother, she began to paint. Her teachers were Emanuel Stöckler and Ludwig Michalek . Although both parents were patrons of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Vienna , they did not notice their musical talent. She only received the piano lessons that were common at that time for children from “good homes”. Visiting performances at the Vienna Court Opera made Josefine enthusiastic about Georges Bizet's Carmen and began to play the melodies on the piano. The pianist Lili Michalek became her first teacher before she became a student of Josef Bohuslav Foerster at the New Vienna Conservatory .

Josef Winter (* February 2, 1857 in Vienna, † July 6, 1916 in Vienna) had a major influence on her further development . The doctor and poet , whose poems were set to music by well-known composers, was introduced to the family around 1900 by the family doctor Josef Breuer . Josefine was married to Alfred Fröhlich von Feldau († April 6, 1913) as early as 1894 and lived with her husband in the family seat at Oppolzergasse 6 in Vienna. Franz Brentano previously lived in this apartment with Ida Lieben, her aunt. She was now called Josefine Fröhlich Rosa Edle von Feldau. The marriage had two children, Hilde (born December 26, 1895) and Walter (born September 22, 1897; buried on September 21, 1960 in the Döblinger Friedhof , Ehrengrab I / I / Gruft 13).

After meeting Josef Winter, their marriage ended in divorce and she married Winter. In this marriage, the children Marianne von Nechansky-Winter (* April 21, 1902, † August 24, 1985 in Vienna, buried on September 3, 1985 in Döblinger Friedhof I / I / Gruft 13), painter, and Gerhard (* April 29, 1903), born.

Wigmar Winter Coat of Arms, 1914

Josefine began to be more socially committed and took over the management of a children's home during the First World War . With the help of their assets her husband founded a among other sanatorium and mobile epidemic laboratories for the Red Cross , which he in 1914 with the title "Edler von Wigmar" ennobled was. Now her name was Josefine Rosa Winter Edle von Wigmar.

Due to his early cardiac death in July 1916, her husband no longer had to see how the Nuremberg Race Laws came into force after the “Anschluss” of Austria in 1938 and when Josefine Winter was driven out of her villa in Währinger Cottage and moved to a collective apartment in the Second District was brought to Springergasse 27. She tried to regain her denied civil rights by writing a personal letter to Adolf Hitler . If she had assessed the situation correctly earlier, her wealth and influence would have made it possible for her to go into exile , as did Sigmund Freud, her family's long-time companion . Instead, their property was " arisiert " she herself was on July 15, 1942 Transport IV / 4 to the Theresienstadt ghetto deported , arriving on January 20, 1943 died .

Create

Compositions

She mainly set texts by poets of her time, such as Paula Preradović and Hilda Benjamin, to music.

  • The patricians of Ragusa (Preradović)
  • Saying of the stalks (Benjamin)
  • betrothal
  • Song in minor
  • In the beech forest (winter)
  • Soul song
  • This is the day of the Lord
  • Requiem ( Conrad Ferdinand Meyer )
  • Now you are talking!

Autobiography

  • Fifty years of a Viennese house. Wilhelm Braumüller, Vienna / Leipzig 1927.

painting

Her name can be found in various lexicons of 19th century Austrian painting. She had an exhibition in 1923 and 1924 in the Vienna Künstlerhaus .

expropriation

Her villa in Vienna's 18th district of Währing , Anastasius Grün-Gasse 54, had to be forcibly sold by her in 1941 to the United Textile Works KH Barthel & Co. The Winter family's art collection included a. a large number of works by Rudolf von Alt . A work by Rembrandt was intended for the Führer Museum .

literature

  • Entry in the Central Database of the Names of Holocaust Victims at the Yad Vashem Memorial
  • Entry in the Central Database of the Names of Holocaust Victims at the Yad Vashem Memorial
  • M. Gross: Ilustrated Austrian Reichsraths album . Leo Fein & Co., Vienna 1876, p. 15.
  • Franz Maciejewski: The Moses of Sigmund Freud. A creepy brother . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 3-525-45374-4 , p. 162.
  • Frank Stern: Vienna and the Jewish Experience 1900–1938. Acculturation - Anti-Semitism - Zionism . Böhlau, Vienna 2009, ISBN 3-205-78317-4 , p. 201.
  • Mary Steinhauser (Ed.): Totenbuch Theresienstadt - so that you will not be forgotten . Extended edition. Junius, Vienna 1987, ISBN 3-900370-91-5 , p. 158.
  • Josefine Rosalie Auspitz-Winter (1873–1943) An Austrian composer under the Nazi regime . In: Illustrated New World . Edition February / March 2008.
  • Helmut Brenner, Reinhold Kubik: Mahler's people. Friends and companions . Residence, Sankt Pölten / Salzburg / Vienna 2014, ISBN 978-3-7017-3322-4 , pp. 235–238.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl-Heinz Rossbacher: Literature and bourgeoisie. Böhlau, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-205-99497-3 , p. 291.
  2. ^ Karl-Heinz Rossbacher: Literature and bourgeoisie. Böhlau, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-205-99497-3 , p. 326.
  3. ^ Jill Lloyd: The Undiscovered Expressionist: A Life of Marie-Louise Von Motesiczky . Yale University Press, New Haven 2007, ISBN 0-300-12154-7 , p. 22.
  4. ^ Marie-Theres Arnbom : Friedmann, Gutmann, Lieben, Mandl and Strakosch. Five family portraits from Vienna before 1938 . Böhlau, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-205-99373-X , p. 188.
  5. ↑ Susanne Blume Berger, Michael Doppelhofer, Gabriele Mauthe: Manual Austrian authors of Jewish origin 18th to 20th century . Volume 1: A-I. Edited by the Austrian National Library. Saur, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-598-11545-8 , p. 389.
  6. ^ Heinrich Fuchs: The Austrian painters of the 20th century . Self-published, Vienna 1986, Volume 3, L – R, S. K 116.
  7. ↑ Susanne Blume Berger, Michael Doppelhofer, Gabriele Mauthe: Manual Austrian authors of Jewish origin 18th to 20th century. Volume 3: S – Z, Register. Edited by the Austrian National Library. Saur, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-598-11545-8 , p. 1485.
  8. ↑ Collective apartments in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
  9. ^ Josefine Rosalie Auspitz-Winter (1873–1943). An Austrian composer under the Nazi regime. In: Illustrated New World. 2008, accessed October 25, 2018 .
  10. ↑ a b c Recital by Martha Elschnig on May 8, 1936 in the Schubert Hall of the Vienna Konzerthaus .
  11. ^ Heinrich Fuchs: The Austrian painters of the 19th century. Self-published, Vienna 1979, supplementary volume 2, L – Z, p. K 158.
  12. ↑ Gabriele Koller, Gloria Withalm: The expulsion of the spiritual from Austria. On the cultural policy of National Socialism . Published by the University of Applied Arts Vienna, Zentralsparkasse und Kommerzialbank Wien, Vienna 1985, p. 194.
  13. ^ Sophie Lillie : What once was - Handbook of the expropriated art collections of Vienna . Czernin, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-7076-0049-1 , p. 1299ff.
  14. ^ Theodor Brückler (Ed.): Art theft, art recovery and restitution in Austria 1938 to today . With source documentation, images, legal texts and archive index (studies on monument protection and preservation). Böhlau, Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-205-98926-0 , p. 21f.
personal data
SURNAME Winter, Josefine
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Winter Edle von Wigmar, Josefine Rosa; Fröhlich noble von Feldau, Josefine Rosa; Winter, Josephine; Auspitz, Josefine Rosa (maiden name); Auspitz-Winter, Josefine Rosalie
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian composer, painter, writer
DATE OF BIRTH December 21, 1873
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH January 20, 1943
Place of death Theresienstadt ghetto