Josef Speckbacher
Josef Speckbacher (born July 13, 1767 in Gnadenwald , Tyrol ; † March 28, 1820 in Hall in Tyrol ) was a Tyrolean freedom fighter and also known as the man von Rinn after his wife's court. Speckbacher was Jakob Riedl's cousin and temporary superior .
Life
Speckbacher was the son of a timber supplier to the Hall salt works . After only a short schooling, he got a job in the salt mine . His family gave him this job. Until then he had repeatedly brought this into trouble through poaching , but also fights with forest officials.
At the age of 27, Speckbacher married Maria Schmieder von Rinn in 1794 and worked on his wife's farm from the day of the wedding. It was around this time that his nickname Mann von Rinn came up. Respected by everyone, Speckbacher was elected to the local court committee around 1796 at a politically explosive time.
When it came to the battle of Spinges (in Spinges near Brixen ) in the following year , Speckbacher fought alongside Captain Philipp von Wörndle (1755-1818) alongside Katharina Lanz , the heroine of Spinges, against the French. But also in 1800 and 1805 he fought against the French occupation troops and in 1809 took part in the three battles on the Bergisel alongside Andreas Hofer .
According to today's assessment, Speckbacher is considered an excellent tactician. With his irregular, local troops, he caused great damage to the enemy troops, especially in the impassable mountains. Together with Peter Mayr and Joachim Haspinger he defeated the Rheinbund division in the narrow area of Mittewald-Oberau ( Sachsenklemme ).
In September 1809 he set up his headquarters at the Bärenwirt in St. Johann in Tirol and prepared to defend the north-eastern border at the Strub Pass . After he was beaten by Unken and Melleck on October 17, 1809 , Speckbacher fled to Vienna , where he was personally praised and awarded a medal by Emperor Franz. There he was commissioned in May 1810 to settle the Tyrolean refugees in southern Hungary and was thus involved in founding the village of Tyrol in what is now the Romanian part of the Banat. Speckbacher stayed in Vienna until 1814 and lived with his comrade Jacob Troggler during this time . It was only when Tyrol was reunited with Austria in 1814 that Speckbacher was able to return safely to Hall, where he retired as an Imperial and Royal Major .
In 1820 Speckbacher contracted a kidney disease , the causes of which can certainly be found in times of war. After several weeks of severe pain, Speckbacher died at the age of 53 on March 28, 1820 in Hall. In honor of his funeral on March 30th in Hall, several rifle companies moved up. On April 20, 1858, his remains were solemnly exhumed and buried in the court church of Innsbruck with its own tomb next to Andreas Hofer and Joachim Haspinger.
Josef Speckbacher was a daredevil of the purest sort throughout his life, characterized by cunning and a courage that bordered on the daring. His story is illuminated very colorfully and vividly in a book by Luis Trenker .
reception
In honor of Josef Speckbacher, streets in Kufstein , Wörgl , St. Johann in Tirol , Meran , in the Innsbruck district of Wilten and in Vienna- Ottakring streets were named. A barracks in Hall in Tirol also bore his name. The Speckbacher barracks was abandoned and sold in 1998.
Pierre Paul Gilmans filmed parts of his life in the 1913 silent film Speckbacher with Ferdinand Exl in the lead role.
In Breitenstein (Lower Austria) am Semmering there is an "Alpine Society Speckbacher" that operates a mountain hut there.
literature
- J (akob) L (udwig) S (alomon) Bartholdy : The war of the Tyrolean peasants in 1809 . CJ Hitzig, Berlin 1814. - Full text online .
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Speckbacher, Joseph . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 36th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1878, pp. 119–130 ( digitized version ).
- Karl Theodor von Heigel : Speckbacher, Josef . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 35, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, pp. 78-81.
- Karl Domanig : Speckbacher, von Rinn's man. Play in five acts . In: -: The Tyrolean struggle for freedom. Dramatic trilogy with a prelude and an aftermath . (Second, quite improved edition). Kösel, Kempten (inter alia) 1909, pp. 30–168. (Online at ALO ).
- Luis Trenker: The fire devil. A Speckbacher novel . Knaur, Berlin 1940, OBV .
- Fritz Weber : The man from Rinn. A Speckbacher novel . Stocker, Graz 1949, OBV .
- Wilhelm Köfler, Wolfgang Pfaundler : The Tyrolean struggle for freedom 1809 under Andreas Hofer - contemporary eyewitness reports and documents . Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-7991-6214-3 .
- R (ichard) Schober: Speckbacher Josef, national defender and farmer .. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 13, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2007–2010, ISBN 978-3-7001-6963-5 , p. 12.
Web links
- Website about Josef Speckbacher and his family, with photos of their tombstones in Hall
- Little chronicle. (...) Anna Speckbacher †. In: Wiener Abendpost. Supplement to Wiener Zeitung , No. 180/1890, August 6, 1890, p. 3, top right. (Online at ANNO ). .
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Speckbacher, Josef |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Man from Rinn |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Tyrolean freedom fighter |
DATE OF BIRTH | July 13, 1767 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Gnadenwald , Tyrol |
DATE OF DEATH | March 28, 1820 |
Place of death | Hall in Tirol |