Jost Schiffmann

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Jost Josef Nikolaus "Jodok" Schiffmann (born August 30, 1822 in Lucerne , Switzerland ; † May 11, 1883 in Munich , German Empire ) was a Swiss painter , director of the Salzburg Museum Carolino Augusteum from 1870 to 1881 and monument conservator .

Life

Jodok Schiffmann was born on August 30, 1822 under the real name Jost Josef Nikolaus Schiffmann as the son of the master butcher Jost Schiffmann and his wife Jakobea (née Schallbretter) in the city ​​of Lucerne on the northwestern shore of Lake Lucerne . In the beginning, Jodok Schiffmann, who came from a long-established Lucerne bourgeois family or butcher family, received an apprenticeship as a butcher himself, but also received drawing lessons from Jakob Schwegler through the suggestion and support of his uncle and was already at the very first Swiss rotating exhibition in Lucerne in 1842 represented. Afterwards he was, among other things, Swiss guardsman in the Vatican City from 1843 to 1847/48 , where he made friends with the landscape painter Johann Rudolf Bühlmann, who lived here . Around the year 1844 he finally began to draw and paint nature, and in the following years he also made numerous color studies , which he used again and again in the following years.

He was expelled from Rome by the revolution in 1848 and returned to Lucerne around 1849, where he mainly painted the surroundings of his hometown. After moving to Munich in autumn 1850 , he studied drawing and painting here from 1850 to 1861. He received drawing lessons from Jakob Schwegler and was taught painting by Eduard Gerhardt . Hans Makart, who was related to him, became his pupil here. During this time he married Therese Kallis in 1857 and then her sister, Adelheid Kallis, in 1860. He also entered into a third marriage with Maria Therese Stäbler. Friendships with Johann Gottfried Steffan , Robert Zünd and Rudolf Koller also developed during his time in Munich . Although he often traveled to Germany, he spent the summers without exception in his Swiss homeland, often in the company of Robert Zünd. From 1853, Schiffmann not only exhibited in Switzerland, but also had exhibitions in Munich and also sold his works regularly. In 1861, after the death of his son, Schiffmann moved to Salzburg and left his collection of antiquities to Markart, who was around 18 years younger and whose uncle he had become through his marriage to Therese Kallis.

After he became curator in 1870 , following a recommendation by Markart, he took over the office of director of the Carolino Augusteum Municipal Museum in Salzburg in 1872 and worked in this position until 1881. Instead of the earlier purely systematic arrangement, he theatrically arranged its holdings into “closed, suggestive images of culture and time” as a prime example of historicism . His attempt to convey the image of the past to the museum visitor in the spatial setting, in so-called “style rooms”, on a specific topic, was unsuccessful. This also led to a heated public debate that led to his resignation in 1881. He also worked as a monument conservationist in Salzburg . Since these activities occupied him to the full, his artistic work was suspended during this time.

As a result, Schiffmann returned to Munich, where he helped found an ancient society and continued to work as a painter. On May 11, 1883, Schiffmann died at the age of 60 in his current residence. His works are exhibited today in the Lucerne Art Museum , the Salzburg Museum , the St. Gallen Art Museum or the Winterthur Art Museum, but some are also privately owned.

style

In his first creative phase, Jodok Schiffmann created atmospheric and impressionistic landscapes as well as architectural images, where he was possibly inspired by Eduard Gerhardt, and in which his skills in perspective and drawing became clear. His genre scenes, which often seem baroque, were inspired primarily by his studies of the Old Masters , who always served as role models for him. His style was described as increasingly “flaky-impressionistic”. In 1853 he was still making two-month studies of air and light effects and the play of clouds, which he skillfully implemented in the often carefully executed parts of the sky in his landscape paintings. In the 1860s , his paintings became increasingly mannered . "Wherever he can overcome his tendency towards romantic-sentimental and exaggerated effects, he proves to be an open-minded realist and fine colorist who presents the simple landscape motif in an effective composition." After working in the Salzburg Museum and as a monument conservator, he took himself He retreated significantly in painting, completely put aside his often practiced studies of nature and limited himself to repetitions and transformations of his own older pictures. In the last few years before his death he turned more and more to still life painting . In doing so, he often combined landscape and architectural motifs, described as seldom successful, with objects from the arts and crafts or from his own collection of antiquities. His oeuvre is considered to be very extensive, but qualitatively inconsistent.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Directors of the Salzburg Museum
personal data
SURNAME Schiffmann, Jost
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schiffmann, Jost Josef Nikolaus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss painter, museum director and preservationist
DATE OF BIRTH August 30, 1822
PLACE OF BIRTH Lucerne , Switzerland
DATE OF DEATH May 11, 1883
Place of death Munich , German Empire