Kurt Willvonseder

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Kurt Willvonseder (born March 10, 1903 in Salzburg , Austria-Hungary , † November 3, 1968 there ) was an Austrian prehistorian and long-time director of the Salzburg Museum Carolino Augusteum .

Life

Kurt Willvonseder was the son of the pharmacist Franz Willvonseder (died 1954, owner of the Hofapotheke Salzburg) and his wife Helene, née Markowitz. He passed the Matura at the Salzburg State High School in 1922 . He then studied German philology and antiquity at the University of Vienna and moved to Stockholm University in 1925 , where he devoted himself to Scandinavian studies. In 1926 he returned to Vienna, where he studied prehistory and received his doctorate from Oswald Menghin in 1929. phil. received his doctorate . From 1930 to 1937 he worked as an extraordinary assistant at the Prehistory Institute of the University of Vienna. In 1937 he qualified as a professor for prehistory in Vienna and has held lectures there as a private lecturer ever since . From 1937 to 1939 he was a research assistant at the Central Office for Monument Protection , where he had worked in the Prehistoric Department since 1934. He belonged to the so-called Spannkreis and worked for the trade journal Ständisches Leben in 1934/35 .

After Austria was annexed to the German Reich , he was accepted into the SS at the end of January 1939 with the rank of SS-Untersturmführer , where he rose to SS-Obersturmführer in 1941 . In 1939 he also joined the NSDAP (membership number 8,466,122). Officially since the end of March 1939 he was an employee and shop steward of the Forschungsgemeinschaft Deutsches Ahnenerbe e. V. and cataloged cultural goods and prehistoric excavations during the Second World War , including in Slovakia (excavations in Dolní Věstonice ) and Serbia . He also had prisoners from the Gusen concentration camp used for excavations in the Urnfield burial ground in Gusen . According to his justification after the end of the war, he had become a member of the SS in order to “be affected by the effects” of the Rosenberg office “and thus also by the Reichsamtsleiter Prof. Reinerth ... to oppose. "

From autumn 1939 he temporarily headed the department for prehistory at the Vienna Institute for the Preservation of Monuments. In 1940 he worked briefly as a professor at the Institute for Prehistory and Protohistory at the University of Innsbruck . From January 1941 he was "Gaupfleger of the soil antiquities in the Reichsgauen Niederdonau and Vienna". In January 1943 he was appointed associate professor for prehistory and early history at the University of Vienna; before that, Wolfram Sievers, the manager of the SS Ahnenerbes, had campaigned for his appointment. In 1943 he was drafted into the Wehrmacht , but largely without having to do military service. He published the journal materials for the prehistory of the Ostmark .

After the end of the war, due to his membership in Nazi organizations, he was dismissed from university service as politically charged and his teaching license was revoked. After several petitions, he was pardoned by the Austrian Federal President in 1954 and since then has been director of the Salzburg Museum Carolino Augusteum, which only reopened in 1967 due to war-related destruction. He was a lecturer at the University of Salzburg from 1964, completed his habilitation there again in 1966 and taught in Salzburg from 1967 as an associate professor for prehistory. From 1965 he was a member of the UNESCO International Council of Museums . Since 1934 he was married to Paula, née Duschner. After his death, the state government held a minute's silence in Salzburg.

Fonts (selection)

  • The Unterberg and its legends. A contribution to Salzburg's local history . 1st and 2nd part. Vienna [1928], typescript. (Philosophical dissertation at the University of Vienna 1929)
  • Upper Austria in prehistoric times. 100 illustrations with 303 figures and 4 cards , Dr. Eduard Stepan, Vienna 1933 (= German Fatherland. Austria's Journal of Heimat und Volk, Volume 14).
  • Zwerndorf an der March. A new prehistoric and early historical site in Lower Austria. In: Mitteilungen der Anthropologische Gesellschaft in Wien , 63rd vol. (1933), pp. 17-27
  • The Middle Bronze Age in Austria , Anton Schroll / Heinrich Keller, Vienna / Leipzig 1937 (= books on prehistory 3–4), 2 volumes, volume 1: Presentation. Volume 2: Directories and tables . (Also habilitation thesis at the University of Vienna 1937)
  • Prehistory of the district of Wels in the Upper Danube Gau with an appendix: Prehistoric finds from other areas in the Wels Municipal Museum . Ahnenerbe-Stiftung-Verlag, Berlin 1939 (= materials on the prehistory of the Ostmark 7).
  • Contributions to the prehistory of the western Pustertal , Wagner University Press, Innsbruck 1950 (= Schlern-Schriften 70). Contains Robert Winkler: The bronze depot find from Obervintl . - Kurt Willvonseder: Finds from the La Tène period from Sonnenburg
  • Felix Milleker (1858–1942) and his literary work , Donauschwäbische Verlagsgesellschaft, Salzburg 1953, (= Donauschwäbische Contributions 7).
  • Celtic art in Salzburg. 30. Special exhibition of the Salzburg Museum Carolino Augusteum , Salzburg, museum pavilion in the Mirabell Gardens June to September 1960, Hallein October 1960. Salzburg: [Salzburg Museum Carolino Augusteum] 1960 (= series of publications of the Salzburg Museum Carolino Augusteum 2. / special exhibition of the Salzburg Museum Carolino Augusteum 30 ).
  • Martin Hell and prehistoric and early historical research in Salzburg . In: Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Salzburger Landeskunde , 101. Bd., P. 91–112
  • Herman Kruyder 1881-1935. Paintings, watercolors, drawings . Salzburg Museum Carolino Augusteum, museum pavilion in Mirabell Gardens, September 29 to October 25, 1964. Haarlem Culture Days Salzburg 1964. (Editor Kurt Willvonseder.) Salzburg: Culture Office of the City of Salzburg 1964.
  • The Neolithic and Bronze Age pile dwellings on Lake Attersee in Upper Austria . With a foreword by Richard Pittioni. Graz – Vienna – Cologne: Böhlau 1968 (= communications from the Prehistoric Commission of the Austrian Academy of Sciences 11/12, 1963/68).

literature

  • Willvonseder, Kurt . In: Theodor Brückler: Heir to the throne Franz Ferdinand as a curator. The "art files" of the military chancellery in the Austrian State Archives (war archive) , Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-205-78306-0 , p. 605.
  • Michael H. Kater : The “Ahnenerbe” of the SS 1935–1945: A contribution to the cultural policy of the Third Reich . Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich, 4th edition 2006, ISBN 3-486-57950-9 .
  • Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich . Who was what before and after 1945 . 2nd Edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 . P. 678.
  • Robert Obermair: Kurt Willvonseder - From SS officer to director of the Salzburg Museum Carolino Augusteum (diploma thesis 2013)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Who's who in Austria , Volume 5, Central European Times Publishing Company Limited, 1964, p. 645.
  2. ↑ a b c d Willvonseder, Kurt . In: Theodor Brückler: Heir to the throne Franz Ferdinand as a curator. The "art files" of the military chancellery in the Austrian State Archives (war archive) , Vienna 2009, p. 605 (list of persons).
  3. ^ A b Kurt Willvonseder at the Archives for the History of Sociology in Austria .
  4. ↑ Karl Pusman: The "Sciences of Man" on Viennese soil (1870-1959). The anthropological society in Vienna and the anthropological disciplines in the focus of the history of science, science and displacement politics , Lit-Verlag, Vienna 2008, p. 292.
  5. ↑ Michael H. Kater: The "Ahnenerbe" of the SS 1935-1945: A contribution to the cultural policy of the Third Reich , Munich 2006, pp. 129, 460, 463.
  6. ^ A b Otto H. Urban: Prehistory at the University of Vienna before, during and after the Nazi era . In: Mitchell G. Ash, Wolfram Nieß, Ramon Pils (eds.): Humanities in National Socialism: The example of the University of Vienna , Vienna University Press, Göttingen 2010, p. 387.
  7. ↑ Quoted from: Otto H. Urban: Die Urgeschichte at the University of Vienna before, during and after the Nazi era . In: Mitchell G. Ash, Wolfram Nieß, Ramon Pils (eds.): Humanities in National Socialism: The example of the University of Vienna , Vienna University Press, Göttingen 2010, p. 386f.
  8. ↑ Michael H. Kater: The "Ahnenerbe" of the SS 1935-1945: A contribution to the cultural policy of the Third Reich , Munich 2006, p. 288.
  9. ^ Otto H. Urban: Prehistory at the University of Vienna before, during and after the Nazi era . In: Mitchell G. Ash, Wolfram Nieß, Ramon Pils (eds.): Humanities in National Socialism: The example of the University of Vienna , Vienna University Press, Göttingen 2010, p. 386f.
  10. ^ A b Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich , Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 678.
personal data
SURNAME Willvonseder, Kurt
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian prehistorian and museum director
DATE OF BIRTH March 10, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Salzburg
DATE OF DEATH 3rd November 1968
Place of death Salzburg