Humboldt / Gremberg

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Coat of arms of Cologne
Humboldt / Gremberg
district 801 of Cologne
Location of the Humboldt / Gremberg district in the Cologne-Kalk district
Coordinates 50 ° 55 '46 "  N , 7 ° 0' 1"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 55 '46 "  N , 7 ° 0' 1"  E
surface 2,821.3 km²
Residents 15,507 (Dec. 31, 2017)
Population density 5496 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation April 1, 1888 (Humboldt)
April 1, 1910 (Gremberg)
Post Code 51105
prefix 0221
Borough Lime (8)
Transport links
Highway A559
Railway connection Cologne Trimbornstr. RB 25 S 12 S 13
Bus routes 153 159
Source: 2017 residents . (PDF) Cologne district information

Humboldt / Gremberg is an eastern district of Cologne in the Kalk district on the right bank of the Rhine , which was created from two formerly independent districts during a regional reform in 1975. The district of Humboldt was founded during the industrialization of the neighboring towns in the second half of the 19th century; the first documentary mention of today's district areas of the Gremberger area, however, was recorded in a document from 1003. Due to different community affiliations, Humboldt was incorporated into Cologne as early as 1888, Gremberg together with the community of Vingst in 1910.

During the 20th century, both places developed into workers' living quarters for workers in the neighboring factories. Due to the economic structural change during the 1980s and the associated closure of numerous factories, Humboldt / Gremberg was included in the integrated action concept “Lime Program” in 1994 as a “district with increased need for renewal”, which was funded by the federal government and the state and the city promotes the creation of new jobs, the modernization of residential developments and the expansion of social networks in the district. Today, the urban district is characterized by renovated post-war buildings and numerous well-preserved residential buildings from the Wilhelminian era , with over 15,000 inhabitants, Humboldt / Gremberg is one of the more populous districts of Cologne's right bank of the Rhine.

geography

The district is located on a now dry channel in the former swampy area of ​​the lower terrace of the Rhine . The soil of the local area is heavily loess and clay, the highest point is 70 meters above  sea ​​level in the Gremberger wood , the lowest is 44 meters near the Kalk / Poll motorway exit .

Humboldt / Gremberg borders with the embankment of the right Rhine route and Sieg route in the north on Kalk and Vingst and in the north-east on Ostheim , at the motorway junction Köln-Gremberg in the south-east of the district runs the border to Westhoven , in the south the A559 borders the district area to Poll and in the west the B55 to Deutz .

history

The two places, which were merged by a regional reform in 1975, have very different development histories. Therefore the history of the places is treated separately.

History of Humboldt

In the area of ​​the district, which belonged to the Deutz administrative district , there were only fields and meadows in the middle of the 19th century. Later on, a small factory was built on the site of today's Humboldt Park that produced explosives. The first houses for the employees were built near the company premises. All that remains of the powder mill , which exploded in 1870, is the name of the adjacent street An der Pulvermühle .

Humboldt Colony, Usinger Strasse around 1880

Maschinenbau A. G. Humboldt , based in the neighboring town of Kalk, needed living space for its workers. Therefore, it was decided to buy land in the open field south of the company premises. It was planned to build houses on straight roads on right-angled plots. In 1875 42 houses with kitchen gardens were built around Wattstrasse on the central east-west axis, the so-called Humboldt Colony. Since the factory became over-indebted at the beginning of the 1880s and was liquidated in 1884, construction activity in the settlement area also slowed, because the successor company, the Humboldt A. G mechanical engineering company , showed little interest in continuing the project. It was not until the end of the 19th century that construction began again due to the increasing workforce in the industrial location of Kalk. The original plans were deviated from, and multi-storey apartment buildings were also built on curved streets, such as on Hachenburger Strasse. On April 1, 1888, Humboldt was incorporated into the city of Cologne together with Deutz. In the years 1898/99 Eduard Endler built the St. Engelbert emergency church in neo-Gothic style for the growing community .

History of Gremberg

Intermediate plant IX b
Forest house in the Gremberger wood

In a deed of donation, Heribert von Köln signed numerous benefices to the newly founded Deutz Abbey in 1003 , including the parish church Deutz with the tithe it is entitled to from the surrounding farms of Deutz, Kalk, Vingst, Poll, Rolshoven and Westhoven , as well as half of the Grevenbruck forest , today's Gremberger wood . In another document dated March 13, 1386, at the request of Archbishop Friedrich von Köln and Duke Wilhelm II von Berg, the exact boundary between Kurköln and the Duchy of Berg was described, which had existed since the integration of Deutzgau into the then County of Berg . There the area is listed as Grevenberge .

The Gremberger Hof , located in the middle of the wood , whose existence has been documented since 1663, was owned by Deutz Abbey until secularization . The courtyard was the only building in the entire area until the end of the 19th century. In 1828 a total of 20 inhabitants were counted there. The rest of the area of ​​Gremberg consisted only of fields and forest. In the course of the construction of the outer Cologne fortress ring , the Prussian administration commissioned the intermediate plant IX b to be built in what is now the eastern part of the forest area between 1877 and 1880 . In 1900 the city of Cologne bought the 302 acre Grove of Gremberger for 400,000 marks from the state of Prussia in order to use the former state forest as a recreational area for the citizens of Cologne. In the immediate vicinity of the Gremberger Hof, a forester's house with a restaurant was opened in 1911, which the city administration pre-financed with 28,134 marks.

With the construction of the railway system on the Sieg line in 1886, today's Gremberger district received a connection to the railway network with the Kalk-Süd passenger station, but was at the same time separated from the rest of Vingst. In the same year, the municipal administration commissioned the construction of a school on Odenwaldstrasse, as they expected a greater population increase in this area due to the rail connection and the increasing industrialization of Kalk. Although the Gottfried Hagen battery factory, a large industrial company in this area, started operations in 1890 , the population growth was slower than hoped, so that the school did not start operating until 1896 after the construction of a teachers' house.

Between 1900 and 1910 several rows of two to four-story houses were built between Odenwaldstrasse and Gremberger Strasse as living space for the employees of the Kalker and Vingster factories, but the Gremberger area was still not an attractive place to live due to the lack of a tram connection, because in 1909 there were 93 apartments in the new building area not rented yet. The Hope consumer cooperative chose this area in 1908 for the layout of their headquarters, which consisted of a three-story office and commercial building, a central warehouse and several production buildings. After Gremberg and the municipality of Vingst were incorporated into the city of Cologne on April 1, 1910, the city administration planned a tram line that would run from the city center to the local recreation area of Gremberger Wäldchen . The construction work started in 1913 was discontinued at the beginning of the First World War and not resumed afterwards.

In 1911 the Catholic faithful of the Gremberger area were assigned to the parish in Humboldt, since the emergency church St. Engelbert was closer than the Vingster church St. Martin. At the same time, the responsible dean Martin Köllen initiated the establishment of a church building association, the aim of which was to finance an own church building on Gremberg. However, the support from the population for this project was very low, as they usually did not earn very much as factory workers. In contrast to the neighboring villages, Köllen was not provided with a free church building site, so he rented a hall in a courtyard on Roddergasse for 100 marks annually for five years at his own expense . He invested another 500 marks of his own capital in renovating the building. The interior was provided by other parishes. On October 15, 1911, Köllen consecrated the emergency church to the patron saint of his father - St. Anthony of Padua . Three years later, St. Antonius became the rectorate parish of the parish of St. Engelbert in Humboldt, with the appointment of his own pastor.

population

Population development

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Forecast 2025
16,161 14,920 14,713 14,684 14,760 15,019 15,054 15,238 15,159 15,108 15,219 15,480 15,524 15,507 12,900

Since the closure of the last larger industrial plants in town and in neighboring Kalk in the early 1980s, the number of inhabitants declined slightly until 1995, and has stagnated at around 15,000 since 2005. According to the forecast of the Office for Urban Development, it will decline by the year 2025, as is the case with almost all districts in the core area close to the city center.

Population structure

Of the 15,507 inhabitants reported on December 31, 2017, of whom 54 had registered Humboldt / Gremberg as their second residence, 7,664 were female and 7,843 were male, the average age was 40 years. The proportion of foreign citizens was 32.9% (comparison: an average of 17.5% in the city of Cologne). On the reporting date , 32.6% of the population were Catholic , 10.7% Protestant . The remaining inhabitants were either non-denominational or belonged to other religions and world views . The unemployment rate on December 31, 2016 was 13.6%, 18.9% of all private households in Humboldt / Gremberg were benefit communities according to SGB ​​II .

Housing conditions

The 7729 apartments in Humboldt / Gremberg, of which 6.1% have received public funding, have an average size of 60.6 square meters. The average living space per citizen was 30.2 square meters (as of 2017). In 2016, the statistics of the Office for Urban Development listed a share of 17% of single and two-family houses in all residential buildings.

Politics and voting behavior

In terms of local politics, the Humboldt / Gremberger citizens are represented by the Cologne-Kalk district council. The district area is divided into seven voting districts and two postal voting districts. In local elections, the Humboldt / Gremberg I constituency forms one constituency with the Kalk constituency and the Humboldt / Gremberg II constituency forms one constituency with the Vingst constituency . All electoral districts show typical voting behavior for a classic working class district, so that the left-wing parties were elected by a majority.

In the district council election on May 25, 2014, the SPD received  37.6%, the CDU  18%, the Greens  12.7%,  5.1% for Cologne , the Left  13.4% and the AfD  4.3%. The turnout of the 10,429 eligible voters was 33.7%.

In the council election on May 25, 2014, the SPD received  35.9%, the CDU  18.4%, the Greens  8.8%, for Cologne  4.9%, Die Linke  12.7% and the AfD  4.5%. The turnout of the 10,429 eligible voters was 33.7%. In constituency 42, which was formed jointly with the Kalk constituency, Michael Paetzold was elected to the Cologne City Council by the SPD. In constituency 43, which was formed together with the constituency of Vingst, Susana dos Santos Herrmann was elected to the Cologne City Council by the SPD.

For the federal election on September 22, 2013, the SPD received  35.8% of the second vote, the CDU  25.2%, the Greens  10.7%, Die Linke  11.9%, FDP  3.1% and the AfD  4.5%. Martin Dörmann , the SPD candidate from Cologne constituency 1 who was directly elected to the Bundestag, received 41.2% in Humboldt / Gremberg. The turnout of the 8655 eligible voters was 58.7%.

In the state elections on May 13, 2012, the SPD received  43.2% of the second vote, the CDU  14.3%, the Greens  15.1%, the Pirate Party  11.3%, the Left  5.8%,  3.2% per NRW and the FDP  3.8%. Stephan Gatter , the SPD candidate of the Cologne VI state electoral district, elected directly to the state parliament, received 47.5% in Humboldt / Gremberg.

Infrastructure and economy

Trimbornstrasse S-Bahn station
Former Factory building from Hagen

In the zoning plan , only 28% of the 2.8  square kilometer district area is designated as residential area, just under 14% as green area, 25% as forest area, 14% as commercial area and 3% as public use area, the rest of the Humboldt / Gremberger area is distributed over local roads and railway facilities on the two DB routes that touch the district.

Traffic development

Although almost 15,000 people live in the district, a subway connection planned in the 1970s was never realized. Since the 1990s, there has been an option to board the S-Bahn on Trimbornstrasse on the Kalk district boundary. The rest of the local public transport is handled by two KVB bus lines that cross at Gremberger Strasse and Rolshover Strasse. Humboldt / Gremberg has a direct connection to the A 559 , strangely enough, this exit was named Kalk / Poll. The Gremberg marshalling yard is located south of the Gremberg woods. It is not included in today's Humboldt / Gremberg district.

Business and Industry

In addition to several large supermarkets in the Gremberg area, there are many smaller shops in Humboldt around the St. Engelbert church and on Taunusstrasse. The only classic industrial company is the Kippes company. The Hagen-Campus Technology Park has now been built on the site of the Hagen company, which went bankrupt at the end of the 1980s . Companies from the field of communication technologies, biotechnology companies, companies from the medical-technical field, designers, software developers and various service providers from the consulting sector are located there. The Cologne technology and start-up center on the right bank of the Rhine is also located on this site . There, entrepreneurs and young technology companies in the field of future technologies can find affordable laboratory and office space as well as comprehensive advice and support in setting up and developing their company.

Schools and kindergartens

In addition to a vocational college and two primary schools, there are several kindergartens in the district. The secondary school was closed on July 31, 2011.

Parish

The parishes of St. Marien and St. Engelbert now form a community parish. The evangelical parish of Cologne-Kalk-Humboldt was dissolved on December 31, 2010 and from January 1, 2011 by merging with the parish of Kalk to form the parish of Kalk-Humboldt. Since then it has included the districts of Gremberg, Humboldt and Kalk.

Attractions

Grave and memorial in the Gremberger grove

literature

  • Henriette Meynen: Traces of the city - monuments in Cologne . Volume 7: Kalk and Humboldt / Gremberg . Bachem Verlag, Cologne 1990, ISBN 3-7616-1020-3 .

Web links

Commons : Köln-Humboldt / Gremberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ press release. City of Cologne, November 5, 2004; Retrieved August 18, 2008
  2. ↑ Cologne city maps and aerial photographs . 3rd edition 2005
  3. ↑ Kölner Stadt Anzeiger from April 23, 2004
  4. ↑ werkbahn.de
  5. ^ Gereon Roeseling: Between the Rhine and the mountain. Bachem, Cologne 2003, p. 17
  6. ↑ B. Hirschfeld: Sources on the legal and economic history of the Rhenish cities II , Bonn, 1911, p. 143
  7. ^ Peter Simons: Illustrated history of Deutz, Kalk, Vingst and Poll , Nagelschmidtsche Buchdruckerei, Cologne-Deutz 1913, p. 139
  8. ^ Gereon Roeseling: Between the Rhine and the mountain. Bachem, Cologne 2003, pp. 95 and 111
  9. ^ Henriette Meynen: Stadtspuren , Denkmäler in Köln Volume 7, Bachem, Cologne 1990, p. 691
  10. ↑ History and Local History Association Rechtsrheinisches Köln e. V .: Yearbook for History and Regional Studies Volume 13 . Eigenverlag, 1987, pp. 80-84
  11. ^ City of Cologne Office for Urban Development and Statistics: District information and population figures 2015 (PDF; 1.63 MB), accessed on August 10, 2015
  12. ↑ a b Cologne district information residents 2017 (PDF) Office for Urban Development and Statistics, accessed on July 3, 2018 .
  13. ↑ Election presentation of the city of Cologne for the district of Humboldt / Gremberg for the district representative election 2014 ( memento of the original from June 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed June 19, 2015 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / wahlen.stadt-koeln.de
  14. ↑ Election presentation by the City of Cologne for the district of Humboldt / Gremberg for the 2014 council election ( memento of the original from June 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed June 19, 2015 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / wahlen.stadt-koeln.de
  15. ↑ Election presentation by the City of Cologne for constituency 42 for the 2014 council election ( memento of the original from June 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed June 19, 2015 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / wahlen.stadt-koeln.de
  16. ↑ Election presentation by the City of Cologne for constituency 43 for the 2014 council election ( memento of the original from June 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed June 19, 2015 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / wahlen.stadt-koeln.de
  17. ↑ choice presentation of the City of Cologne for the parliamentary elections in 2013 for the district Humboldt / Gremberg , accessed on 19 June 2015
  18. ↑ choice presentation of the City of Cologne for the district Humboldt / Gremberg state election 2012 , accessed on June 19, 2015
  19. ↑ Land use plan of the City of Cologne at www.koelnarchitektur.de , accessed on October 19, 2009